There is an increasing need for complex and large projects to be carried out quickly. As the duration, size, and cost of the project increase, concerns about project failure are also rising. Finding factors that hinder the performance of an effective project and eliminating them in advance or controlling and managing them more effectively can be a more direct way to secure the success of the project. Previous studies have identified compositional dimensions that are classified according to attributes, covering the various obstacles that affect the success of the project through existing literature. It is a follow-up to previous research. Using DEMATEL techniques, we would like to propose to explore the appropriate measures that an entity and organization can take by identifying the causality between factors through cross-impact analysis of project disabilities and even presenting factors that may arise when they are identified. As a result of the analysis, according to the indicators to evaluate the importance, 8 factors were found to be relatively important factors, excluding the factors that Failure of project feasibility analysis and Technical environment change. In addition, 5 factors were found to be causative factors; Technical environment change, Unclarity project plan, Strategic consistency error, Inaccuracy of requirement definition, and Failure of project feasibility analysis. In contrast, the remaining 5 factors were found to be the result factors; Lack of benefits realization, Negative attitude of top management, Stakeholder conflict, Difficulty of process management, and Disturbance of communication.

As the number of North Korean refugees increases in South Korean, their acculturation to life in their host country is coming to be an important social issue. This study explores some clothing-related barriers experienced by North Korean refugees and their moderating effects on acculturation to South Korea. Data were collected using a self-administered survey of 163 female and 37 male North Korean refugees in South Korea aged 20 to 69 years. Descriptive analyses, t-tests, ANOVA, Duncan tests, and moderated multiple regression were conducted using SPSS 20.0 and Process Macro v.3.3. The results show that the North Korean refugees who participated in the study had experienced clothing-related barriers regarding fashion terminology and shopping rituals in South Korea. In particular, those in their 60s perceived more clothing-related barriers than those in their 20s and 30s. Next, the clothing-related barriers experienced by North Korean refugees have a negative moderating influence on the relationship between self-esteem and acculturation in South Korea. This study provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between fashion and the acculturation of North Korean refugees to South Korea. The results of the study can be also helpful of government policy makers, practitioners, and academics to develop education programs for North Korean refugees.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the use of social marketing in Asia. A total of 17 countries were included in this paper. We demonstrate the development and trends of social marketing in Asia by highlighting prominent and effective cases. Our findings reveal that social marketing practice represents a wide spectrum of topics. However, public policy and education outweigh adoption of social marketing to address social issues. Several barriers influence adoption and effectiveness of social marketing. We highlight a few and recommend strategies to overcome them.

Despite a ban on international trade in parts and derivatives of endangered species, illegal killing, trading, and consumption of endangered wild animals have continued to be the major causes of their rapid decline. The numbers of some endangered species (e.g., tigers, rhinos, elephants, marine turtles etc.) have been declining at an alarming rate in recent decades due to the rising wealth and increasing desire to display their wealth in East and Southeast Asian countries, including China.

As the business environment is rapidly changing with globalization and complexity of information flows, the uncertainty is also very increased for project environment. Although many studies have been conducted to find out the critical factors for project success, there still exist different views to define project success. Furthermore, implementing success formula for one project does not necessarily guarantee a success for another project since there are other elements that impede the success of project. In this regards, it is imperative to examine what are the barriers to project success. This study aims to examine the barriers that impede the success of project. Past literature was thoroughly reviewed to collect and develop a preliminary list of elements that affected project performance negatively. Experts were interviewed to refine the list and the final list of the measurement items were developed. A survey questionnaire was developed with the final list of measurement items, and a survey was conducted on the practitioners with project experience. After the survey, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the final list to extract the component dimensions which in turn formed the group of project barriers. The exploratory factor analysis provided ten factors, which are difficulty of process management, failure of project feasibility analysis, cost overruns and lack of cost benefits, unclarity project plan, strategic consistency error, stakeholder conflict, inaccuracy of requirement definition, disturbance of communication, technical environment change, negative attitude of top management.

현재 중국 중고차시장은 급성장단계에 있다. 시장진입 초기인 2000년대 초반부터 자동차산업시장의 발전 흐름을 타고 성장 움직임을 보였다. 중국 정부는 2004년 ｢자 동차산업발전정책(汽车产业发展政策)｣을 마련하며 중고차시장 발전 의지를 공식적으로 드러냈다. 이어서 로컬기업뿐만 아니라 대형 외자기업에도 중고차판매를 허용하 며 본격적으로 시장 규모를 확대해가고 있다. 중국 중고차시장에 대한 기존의 관망적 관점에서 벗어나 새로운 접근 전략을 모색해야 할 적절한 시기에 당면하였다. 이 에 따라 본 연구에서는 중국 자동차산업 시장의 환경 변화와 관련하여 최근 급성장 하고 있는 중국 중고차시장의 유통 활성화 추세와 특징을 고찰하고 발전을 저해하는 제도적 요인들에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 향후 관련 거래 기준 정책이 정비되는 과정에서 발전을 저해해온 문제 요소들이 차츰 해결되고 거대시장으로 성장 할 수 있을 지에 대한 종합적 검토가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

The resale market of used items selled about U$ 16 billions in 2015 in the US. We interviewed twelve consumers to better understand this phenomenon, Our results showed that consumers choose SHP due to economic reasons, and sustainability is marginally considered. Contamination is the main barrier to consume used products.

PURPOSES: This study, compared and verified the test results of post-bearing capacity and the test results of a full-scale vehicle crash test on flat ground and slope ground. METHODS: The results of the bearing capacity test on the barrier post show that, the bearing capacity of the banking section ground and flat ground was relatively large. In the full-scale vehicle crash test, the maximum deformation of the barrier was not large, and the occupant safety indexes(THIV, PHD) were relatively similar. The post-bearing capacity test is a static load test. RESULTS: Therefore, there was a large difference on the flat ground and on the banking section ground because of the effect of soil failure. On the other hand, the full-scale vehicle crash test is close to the impact load. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it can be concluded that the whole barrier system was not affected by soil failure alone.

Personalised nutrition can contribute significantly to the prevention of non-communicable dietary related diseases by providing dietary suggestions based on individual’s nutritional needs. Adoption of the concept of personalised nutrition by individuals is crucial for the success of personalised nutrition services. However, consumers’ adoption intention of personalised nutrition services is not only the result of cognitive deliberations of benefits and risks, but several studies in other contexts show that affective and contextual factors also play an important role in explaining consumers’ adoption intention. This study therefore examines whether affective factors (i.e., measured by means of ambivalent feelings) and contextual factors (i.e., eating context) increase the understanding of consumers' intentions to use personalized nutrition services. An online survey study was conducted among a total of 996 participants in the Netherlands. The results of a number of estimated fully latent structural regression models show that the intention to use personalized nutrition is not only positively driven by a weighing of benefits and risks (i.e., privacy calculus), which is also established in previous studies, but also negatively by ambivalent feelings. In turn, the results show that ambivalence towards personalized nutrition is predicted by privacy risk and the extent to which someone perceives the eating context as a barrier for personalized nutrition. Taken together, the current study implies that to stimulate the adoption of personalized nutrition services not only benefits and risks of personalized nutrition should be addressed, but also consumers’ ambivalent feelings regarding the concept and contextual factors that may prohibit adoption.

Recent headlines predict that artificial intelligence, machine learning, predictive analytics and other aspects of cognitive computing will be the next fundamental drivers of economic growth (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2017). We have evidenced several success stories in the recent years, such as those of Google and Facebook, wherein novel business opportunities have evolved based on data-driven business innovations. Our directional poll among companies, however, reveals that at present, only few companies have the keys to successfully harness these possibilities. Even fever companies seem to be successful in running profitable business based on data-driven business innovations. Company’s capability to create data-driven business relates to company’s overall capability to innovate. Therefore, this research builds a conceptual model of barriers to data-driven business innovations and proposes that a deeper understanding of innovation barriers can assist companies in becoming closer to the possibilities that data-driven business innovations can enable. As Hadjimanolis (2003) suggests, the first step in overcoming innovation barriers is to understand such barriers. Consequently, we identify technology-related, organizational, environmental and people-related i.e. attitudinal barriers and examine how these relate to company’s capability to create data-driven business innovations. Specifically, technology-related barriers may originate from the company’s existing practices and predominant technological standards. Organizational barriers reflect the company’s inability to integrate new patterns of behavior into the established routines and practices (Sheth & Ram, 1987). Environmental barriers refer to various types of hampering factors that are external to a company. Environmental barriers are caused by the company’s external environment and thus company has relatively limited possibilities to influence and overcome such factors. Attitudinal barriers are people-related perceptual barriers that can be studied at the individual level, and if necessary, separately for managers and employees (Hadjimanolis, 2003). Future research will pursue to build an empirical model to examine how these different barriers are related to company’s capability to create business based on data-driven innovations.

The guarantee of the performance of the engineered barriers in a geological repository is very important for the long-term safety of disposal as well as the efficient design of the repository. Therefore, the performance of the engineered barriers under repository condition should be demonstrated by in-situ experiments conducted in an underground research laboratory. This article provides a review of the major in-situ experiments that have been carried out over the past several decades at underground research laboratories around the world to validate the performance of engineered barriers of a repository, as well as their results. In-situ experiments to study the coupled thermal-hydraulicmechanical behavior of the engineered barrier system used to simulate the post-closure performance of the repository are analyzed as a priority. In addition, in-situ experiments to investigate the performance of the buffer material under a real repository environment have been reviewed. State-of-the art in-situ validations of the buffer-concrete interaction, and the installation of the buffer, backfill and plug, as well as characterization of the near-field rock and the corrosion of the canister materials are, also performed.

Cumulative effects are defined as the joint and aggregated effects of many factors and processes. Their consideration in landscape and environmental assessments are integral at both the project and strategic level, and they can help to bridge the different spatial and temporal scales. The primary challenge of conducting cumulative effect assessments (CEAs) is the difficulty in understanding the complicated nature of cumulative effects. We used three criteria for a systematic understanding of the barriers to addressing cumulative effects that are critical for improving knowledge systems for sustainable development and environmental assessment: salience, credibility, and legitimacy, and analyzed three cases through a variety of studies and resources: the Middle Humber in the U.K., the Transboundary Crown of the Continent in the U.S. and Canada, and the Great Sandhills in Canada, to understand how CEAs have been applied and obstructed in terms of the three criteria. In addition, a series of focus group interviews with experts and practitioners were performed to illuminate the critical barriers based on the criteria for addressing CEA in the context of South Korea. Based on the lessons, we suggest several key strategies such as securing a cooperative consulting process, and active and transparent partnerships; using a strategic environmental assessment as a framework; understanding and incorporating stakeholder knowledge; using advanced computer modeling and simulation techniques including effective visualization tools; and preparing a simple model design and understandable scientific information.

This study performs material nonlinear analysis of connection parts at noise barriers, which have a light weight. Subsequent numerical simulation results for three types of models (standard, double, and standard models strengthen by ribs) present that the applied connections for target noise barriers constructed show suitable structural performance. In this paper, the existing finite element elastic stress analysis using the ABAQUS program is further extended to study the plastic stress distribution of the noise barriers. The numerical results for various parameters are verified by comparing different steel types with stresses occurred in the noise barrier from the numerical simulation.

21세기 동시대 예술의 흐름은 글로벌 아트라는 경향 속에 있다. 글로벌 아트는 주된 예술의 중 심이 없는 탈 중심의 예술경향이다. 이는 곧 탈서구화의 의미이기도 하다. 1998년에 창립된 베를 린 비엔날레는 기존의 서구중심의 예술관점을 탈피한 운영정책 즉 탈서구화 정책을 펴고 있다. 젊 은 예술가들을 주축으로 동시대 예술을 고찰 하고자 하는 베를린 비엔날레는 현 시대 예술경향인 글로벌 아트의 이해와 정립을 시도하는 운영전략을 펴고 있다. 이 고찰을 통해, 본 연구는 세계화 속의 국제 비엔날레가 궁극적으로 개최 지역의 문화역사를 동반한 과정일 수밖에 없으며 이는 동 시에 지역예술 발전의 동반을 마련한다는 것을 설명한다. 이는 세계화로 긴밀히 밀착된 글로벌 아 트의 특성과 지역 예술 간의 밀접한 관계에 대해 재조명하게 할 것이다.