황폐된 산지나 계곡에서 폭우 시 토사, 암석 및 임목 등의 유출을 억제하는 투과형 스크린 구조물이 충격을 받아 기능이 마비되고, 복구하기에 많은 시간과 유지관리 비용이 든다. 본 연구는 이러한 피해와 문제를 줄이기 위하여 투과형 스크린 방지 구조재의 안전성을 평가하고 시공재료를 강재와 GFRP 복합재료로 나누어 강재 구조재의 GFRP 구조재로 대체 가능 여부를 평가하고자 한다. 해석적 안전성 평가는 Abaqus 상용프로그램을 이용하여 각 재료에 대한 안전성을 비교, 평가하였고 이를 통하여 GFRP 복합재료의 적용성에 대한 가능여부를 평가하였다. 복합재료 안전성 평가에 있어 Tsai-Hill Failure Criteria를 적용 하였으며 강재에 비하여 충분히 안전하다는 결과를 얻었다. 하지만 본 연구는 수치해석을 통한 결과일 뿐이므로 향후 실험 및 기능성, 경제성에 대한 분석 또한 수행될 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 후처리 기능화를 통해 아민이 함유된 ZIF-8-A를 제조하고, 이를 이산화탄소 흡착제로 적용하였다. 첨가한 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole의 함량에 따라 15, 37, 61, 그리고 74 %의 아민기를 포함한 ZIF-8-A를 제조하였으며, 다양한 분석을 통해 이들의 물성특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 아민 함량에 따라 ZIF-8-A의 게이트 크기 조절되고 가스 투과도 및 선택도에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. ZIF-8-A61%는 기존 ZIF-8 대비 CO2/N2 및 CO2/CH4에 대한 선택도가 3.4 및 4.7배 증가하였으며, 이는 구조내 가스 투과를 위한 게이트 사이즈의 조절 및 아민과 이산화탄소의 상호작용에 기인한 것으로 판단하였다.

The Golden Gate Bridge, known as one of the most beautiful bridges in the world, serves 110,000 vehicles per day, connecting San Francisco to inland as a segment of Highway 101 in California. The average peak hour volume over 6,500 vehicles per hour exceeds the traffic capacity of three lanes on each direction. Due to unique function of the bridge as a gateway of San Francisco, the peak directions in the morning and afternoon were explicitly distinguished. Recurrent traffic delay on the peak direction deteriorated level of service during the commute periods and caused user’s inconvenience and traffic accidents. The workers previously used to move plastic delineators to change lane configuration (4-2, 3-3, and 2-4) in several times a day. Neither did it provide prevention nor physical protection from the head-on collision on the bridge section. In January 2015, the Golden Gate Bridge was completely closed for two days to install the moveable median barrier (MMB) system, Road Zipper®, for more effective and safer variable lane management than the previous operation. One-meter section with 30.48 cm wide of highly reinforced concrete barriers are linked to form a continuous barrier wall and the machine lifts and passes the barriers through a conveyor system at a seeds up to 16 km/h. The MMB enables to quickly reverse lane configuration without traffic closure, providing more lanes to the peak direction as well as eliminating head-on collision on the bridge deck by presence of a physical structure. The traffic monitoring study result shows the significant improvement of average speed during peak hours and the regional traffic accident records shows improvement of safety after implementing the MMB on the Golden Gate Bridge. According to the traffic accident records, 13 injuries occurred in five accidents of vehicle collision in two-directions from 2007 to 2014 but no two-way accident has been reported since the operation of the Road Zipper® began. Furthermore, the MMB would be effectively implemented on construction work zones, managed lanes, variable lane management and other traffic operation to improve traffic safety and maximize utilization of roadway facilities.

This study is analyzed combustion phenomena based on the environmental energy facility incinerator. It is assumed that combustible components of waste are composed of carbon and hydrogen, and the combustion process of fuel is by setting as multi-component / multistage reaction. As the combustion chamber is burned, the high temperature environment is achieved, also the heat transfer accompanied by the turbulent flow and the generation of NOx, a pollutant, are interpreted to predict the thermal and fluid characteristics and pollution emissions of the grate incinerator. As the result of internal flow analysis, the slow flow around the ash chute and the mixing effect due to the complicated turbulence around the combustion chamber were predicted to show excellent performance. It is shown to the internal average temperature was about 1024°C, around the about 1000°C homogeneous temperature distribution. Due to the sudden temperature decrease in the boiler, the flue gas temperature at the outlet was estimated to be about 220 ℃.

This paper aimed to identify the architectural characteristics of the chimi excavated from ancient ruins, especially middle gate remains of Bunhwangsa Temple in the Unified Silla period. Middle gate had planned 3 × 2 with 295㎜ measuring unit and gabled building. Detailed study of the shape of chimi of the middle gate restored by related field experts reveals as follows. 1) Height of chimi is 4.5(130.6㎝) of Tang’s system of measurement classified as large one. 2) The front and back side square hole is made for transverse timber placement. 3) Position of chimi is not the end of the ridge of roof, it moved toward the center. 4) Construction method of chimi is structured with smaller beam and center column. 5) Width and height of the ridge is less than 38㎝ and 54㎝ to be approximately, Width and height of the gabled ridge is less than 38㎝ and 50㎝. 6) This chimi is considered to be very unique when compared to existing ancient restored chimis, it is designed to be advantageous to the chimi construction.

In the present work, we investigated the mechanical alloying of binary Ga-Se(1:1) and Ga-Te(1;1) sysyems. The high-energy ball-milling was performed at 40℃ where one of constituents (Ga) is molten state. The purpose of the work was to see whether reactions between constituent elements are accelerated by the presence of a liquid phase. During the ball-milling, the liquid Ga phase completely disappeared and the resulting powders consist of nanocrystalline grain of ~20 nm with partly amorphized phases. However, no intermetallic compounds formed in spite of the presence of the liquid phases which has much higher diffusivity than solid constituents. By subsequent heat-treatments, the intermetallic compounds such as GaSe and GaTe formed at relatively low temperatures. The formation temperature of theses compound was much lower than those predicted by equilibrium phase diagram. The comparison of the ball-milled powders with un-milled ones indicated that the easy formation of intermetallic compound or allying occurs at low temperatures.

본 연구노트는 K-water가 고안하여 개발한 녹조수상 콤바인 장치에 대하여 소개하고자 하였다. 녹조제거장치 는 본체와 부력재, 이송호퍼, 스크린 컨베이어, 슬러지 제거기 및 수거물질 분리대 등 총 5개 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 그리고 스컴성 녹조현상 이하일 때 녹조제거제를 전처리할 수 있는 살포기가 별도로 장착되어 있다. 전반 적으로 본 장치의 모듈 시스템은 매우 간단하다. 2014 년 5월부터 7월까지 낙동강 및 대청호 현장에서 테스트 운영한 결과, 1일 처리할 수 있는 수표면적은 500,000 m2 day-1에 해당하였다. 그리고 장치 적용 전후 처리효 율은 90%를 상회하였고, 수처리량은 수질 상태에 따라 차이가 있지만 500,000m3 day-1은 가능하였다. 또한 장 치의 운영기간은 3월~11월(9개월) 동안으로써 기존 계 획보다 연장될 수 있었다. 본 장치 및 기술을 통해 상수 원과 공공수역의 녹조현상 및 사회문제로 확대된 파급 영향을 해결하는 데 기여할 수 있는 신기술로서 활용되 기를 기대한다.

This study is basically about four-guardian-statutes-building-gate in 17th Century. In the field of art-history, there are four-guardian-statutes made of clay in order that the statutes are so gigantic and grotesque enough to threaten all the devils. This purpose of this study is to make sure that the similar variation occurred at the four-guardian-statutes-building-gate in 17th century. The results of this study are as follows. First, only Da-Po style four-guardian-statutes-building-gates were built in famous four temples separately from 1612 until the Manchu war of 1636. And there are gigantic four-guardian-statutes made of clay in the building. Second, there are Chul-mok Ik-gong style buildings were built in 1660s at Bo-Rim-Sa and Neung-Ga-Sa. The buildings including four-guardian-statutes-building-gate of Song-gwang-sa built in 1636 probably are all similar to earlier Da-Po style four-guardian-statutes-building-gates in the viewpoint of structural type and size of building. Third, it began to build Ik-gong style four-guardian-statutes-building-gates in 1676 at Su-ta-sa.

PURPOSES: This study evaluated a measuring technique for tire-pavement interaction noise that uses a noble close proximity (NCPX) method as well as for noise level measured inside of a car (e.g., Inside Noise Level) in term of rumble strips constructed at a tall gate. METHODS: According to the measurements of NCPX and inside noise level (INL), 1/3 octave band frequency analysis and overall noise level calculation were conducted in order to evaluate noise levels of NCPX and INL, depending on types of rumble strips. RESULTS: The tested sections of general concrete pavement surface and two different types of rumble strips were evaluated, using 1/3 octave band frequency analysis and overall noise level. From the analyzed results, it can be concluded that rumble strips generate a relatively huge noise levels when compared to the concrete pavement surface. CONCLUSIONS: Noting that above 3 dBA different noise levels can let drivers know that they are getting close to toll gate; therefore, they should apply their brakes. Thus, the noise levels of rumble strips are required to be reduced, based on considering the neighbors living near toll gates.