‘보안찰’은 답리작 적응성이 높은 조숙 내한 내도복 유색 찰성 겉보리로 육성된 품종으로 파성은 Ⅲ이며, 이삭의 밀도는 밀수형으로 까락 긴 장망형이다. 출수기와 성숙기는 각각 2일 빠른 조숙종이다. 흰가루병과 보리호위축병은 서둔찰보리와 비슷하였다. 내한성과 내도복성은 서둔찰보리보다 다소 강하였다. 간장(79 cm)은 작고, 수장은 서둔찰보리보다 약간 작다. m2당 수수는 854개로 서둔찰보리보다 많고, 1수립수는 43개로 적다. 천립중은 서둔찰보리보다 작은 중소립종이며, 1ℓ중은 다소 가벼웠다. 단백질 함량, β-glucan 함량과 정맥률은 비슷하였고, 입백도는 낮았다. 취반특성 중 흡수율과 퍼짐성은 비슷하였고, 안토시아닌 함량은 181.1 ㎍/g으로 높았다. 수량은 전작에서 2.96 MT/ha, 답리작에서 3.91 MT/ha 있었다.

‘Muhan’ (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new ruminant-palatability forage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2013. It was derived from the cross between SB921011-3B-16-2/IT0188556 and ‘Suwon 365’. Among the cross made in 2002, a promising line, SB02T2097-B-B-B-18, showed good characteristics in potential forage yield in the yield trial tested at Iksan in 2009 to 2010 designated as Iksan 465. The line in the Regional Yield Trials(RYT) tested in eight locations around Korea for three years from 2011 to 2013, and was released as the name of ‘Muhan’. It has the growth habit of group Ⅳ, erect plant type, green leaf and awnless spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on May 4, and June 4, respectively, with similar to check cultivar ‘Youngyang’. The cultivar had 102cm of culm length, 711 spikes per m2 and it showed better rate of leaf, winter hardiness, and resistance to BaYMV than those of the check cultivar. The average forage yield of ‘Muhan’ was about 12.4 ton ha-1 in dry matter in paddy field. ‘Muhan’ also showed 6.6% of crude protein content, 28.6% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 50.1% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), and 66.3% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley

‘Jungmo2506’ (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new ruminant-palatability forage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2013. It was derived from the cross between ‘Sunwoo’ and ‘Milyang 34’. Among the cross made in 2002, a promising line, SB02T2020-B-BB- 64, showed good characteristics in potential forage yield in the yield trial tested at Iksan in 2009 to 2010 designated as Iksan 463. The line in the Regional Yield Trials(RYT) tested in eight locations around Korea for three years from 2011 to 2013, and was released as the name of ‘Jungmo2506’. It has the growth habit of group Ⅳ, erect plant type, green leaf and short awn spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on May 3, and June 2, respectively, with similar to check cultivar ‘Youngyang’. The cultivar had 99cm of culm length, 692 spikes per m2 and it showed better rate of leaf, winter hardiness, and resistance to BaYMV than those of the check cultivar. The average forage yield of ‘Jungmo2506’ was about 11.8 ton ha-1 in dry matter in paddy field. ‘Jungmo2506’ also showed 6.6% of crude protein content, 27.4% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 49.2% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), and 67.2% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley.

‘다혜’는 답리작 적응 조숙 내재해 다수성 등을 목표로 조 숙 대립 특성을 지닌 ‘수원318호’를 모본으로, 보리호위축병 에 강한 ‘수원311호’를 부본으로 인공교배 육성 선발된 ‘익산 409호이다. 파성은 Ⅲ형이며, 이삭의 밀도가 조밀한 편이며 까락이 길지만 탈망성이 좋다. 출수기와 성숙기는 각각 4일 빠른 조숙종이다. 흰가루병은 ‘올보리’와 비슷하며, 보리호위 축병에 대한 저항성을 나타냈다. 내한성과 내도복성은 ‘올보 리’보다 다소 강하였다. 간장(88 cm)과 수장은 ‘올보리’와 비 슷하였으며, m 2당 수수는 666개로 ‘올보리’보다 7개 적고, 1 수립수는 52개로 2개 많으나 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 천립 중은 ‘올보리’와 비슷한 대립종이며, 1 L중은 다소 가벼웠다. 단백질 함량, β-glucan 함량과 정맥률은 비슷하였고, 입백도 는 약간 높았다. 엿기름의 효소력가는 ‘올보리’보다 25 DP 높았다. 수량은 전작에서 4.00 MT/ha, 답리작에서 4.11 MT/ha 이었다.

‘Jungmo2503’ (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new ruminant-palatability forage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2011. It was derived from the cross between ‘Dongsanpi81’ and ‘Kangbori’. Among the cross made in 1999, a promising line, SB992028-B-B-B-B-B-2, showed good characteristics in potential forage yield in the yield Trial tested at Iksan in 2007 to 2008 designated as Iksan 449. The line in the Regional Yield Trials (RYT) tested in eight locations around Korea for three years from 2009 to 2011, and was released as the name of ‘Jungmo2503’. It has the growth habit of group Ⅰ, erect plant type, green leaf and hood spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on May 2, and May 29, respectively, with are similar to check cultivar ‘Yuyeon’. The cultivar had 102cm of culm length, 691 spikes per m2 and it showed better rate of leaf, winter hardiness, and resistance to BaYMV than those of the check cultivar. The average forage yield of ‘Jungmo2503’ was about 10.9 ton ha-1 in dry matter in paddy field. ‘Jungmo2503’ also showed 9.4% of crude protein content, 27.3% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 49.0% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), and 67.3% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley.

‘Jungmo2502’ (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new ruminant-palatability forage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2011. It was derived from the cross between ‘Samheung/Suwon 300’ and ‘Milyang 100’. Among the cross made in 2000, a promising line, SB00T2018-B-B-B-B-3, showed good characteristics in potential forage yield in the yield Trial tested at Iksan in 2007 to 2008 designated as Iksan 448. The line in the Regional Yield Trials(RYT) tested in eight locations around Korea for three years from 2009 to 2011, and was released as the name of ‘Jungmo2502’. It has the growth habit of group Ⅵ, erect plant type, green leaf and awnless spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on May 4, and May 30, respectively, with are similar to check cultivar ‘Youngyang’. The cultivar had 98cm of culm length, 607 spikes per m2 and it showed better rate of leaf, winter hardiness, and resistance to BaYMV than those of the check cultivar. The average forage yield of ‘Jungmo2502’ was about 11.0 ton ha-1 in dry matter in paddy field. ‘Jungmo2502’ also showed 8.7% of crude protein content, 21.9% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 40.7% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), and 71.6% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley.

The grain and agronomic characteristics of Korean barley cultivars were investigated with respect to ethanol yield. Test weight, grain yield, and starch yield showed noticeable variation among the cultivars. Grain yields were higher in covered barley and non-waxy barley. Starch yield was higher in non-waxy barley than waxy barley. Protein, β -glucan, and starch content of tested cultivars ranged in 10.0-12.9%, 4.4-7.5% and 49.7-65.3%, respectively. Naked barley cultivar had higher starch content than covered barley cultivar. However, covered barley had high starch yield because it has higher grain yield than naked barley. Covered barley cultivar had higher husk content, ranging 7.6-14.0%, than that of naked barley cultivar, ranging 5.3-8.0%. Starch content was positively correlated with amylose content, test weight, ethanol yield and negatively correlated with protein, husk, β -glucan content. Ethanol yield per ton was positively correlated with starch content, but negatively correlated with husk content. Ethanol yield per hectare was positively correlated with starch yield, grain yield, grain weight and negatively correlated with protein, test weight. From this research, the important characteristics of barley cultivar as a bioethanol producing material were starch content and grain yield. Optimum barley genotype was non-waxy naked barley that had low protein, β -glucan, husk content, and high starch content and grain yield.

Barley, ranking fifth among all crops in the world today behind maize, wheat, rice and soybean, has been an important food source in many areas in the world. Moreover having high nutritional value. Current consumers have interest in nutrition and health. So, the interest in barley for other food and industrial applications is increasing. Noodles, which have been consumed largely in korea, are usually made from wheat flour, salt and appropriate amount of water. The objective of this study is to substitute wheat flour with barleys in order to produce new products of white salted noodles and to investigate the effects of substituting flours on quality characteristics of noodles. We investigated the Hunter colour values(lightness, redness, yellowness) of barley noodles. Lightness and yellowness were decreased and redness were increased in barley cooked noodles compare to wheat noodle. As compared to the wheat noodle, barley noodle at 10, 20, 30% substitution ratios had lower hardness, which decreased continuously with substitution levels. Springiness and cohesiveness were also lower than wheat noodles.

A New six-rowed Naked Barley Cultivar “Nurichal” with good coking quality was developed by cross with HB88154-B-25-1 line and Hinchalssalbory by the Winter Cereal and Forage Crop Research Div. NICS, RDA in 2010. HB15305-B-B-31-2 was selected in 2006 and designated as ‘Iksan 95’. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional yield trials (RYT) from 2008 to 2010 and was released with the name of ‘Nurichal’ possessing good water absorption and expansion. The average heading and maturing dates of ‘Nurichal’ were April 24 and May 30 in paddy field, which were two day and one day later than those of the check cultivar ‘Saechalssalbori’ respectively. The new cultivar, ‘Nurichal’, had 82cm of culm length that was 5cm shorter than that of ‘Saechalssalbori’, and 4.0cm of spike length. It showed 774 spikes per m2, 63 grains per spike, 25.0 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 793 g of test weight. ‘Nurichal’ showed a little weaker winter hardiness than those of the check cultivar, ‘Saechalssalbori’ and showed similar lodging resistance with check cultivar. It sowed stronger resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) compare to check cultivar. Grain shape was small and round. Protein content was 10.3% and β-glucan content was 6.8%. Its average yield of the pearled grain in the regional yield trial was 3.84 MT/ha in paddy field, which were higher 2% than those of the check cultivar. Its water absorption was similar and expansion was higher than ‘Saechalssalbori’. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of -6℃ in January in Korean peninsula.

A New Six-rowed Naked Barley Cultivar “Ganghocheong” with High anthocyanin content and green aleurone the cross between Iri26 and Sagukgwa67 by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2009. An elite line HB14190-B-61-3-2-3-3-5-1 was selected in 2004 and designated as ‘Iksan 92’. It showed good agronomic performance in the regional yield trials (RYT) from 2007 to 2009 and was released with the name of “Ganghocheong” possessing high anthocyanin content and green lemma non-waxy endosperm. The average heading and maturing dates of “Ganghocheong” were April 20 and May 29 in paddy field, which were two days earlier and same than those of the check cultivar ‘Saessalbori’ respectively. The new cultivar, “Ganghocheong”, had 81cm of culm length and 6.0cm of spike length. It showed 702 spikes per m2, 60 grains per spike, 30.0 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 794 g of test weight. “Ganghocheong” showed better resistance to BaYMV (Barley yellow mosaic virus) than those of the check cultivar, ‘Saessalbori’. Its average yield of the pearled grain in the regional yield trial was 4.02 MT/ha in paddy field, which were 1% lower than that of the check cultivar, respectively. Anthocyanin content was 122.1㎍/g that was higher 2 times than that of zasoojeongchalssalbori. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of -6℃ in January in Korean peninsula.

Improvement of winter hardiness, diseases resistance and good quality have been recently received more attention by covered barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) breeders than ever in Korea. “Hyegang”, a new covered barley cultivar with similar maturing and high yield was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2011. It was derived from the cross between “Milyang87/NWX-GB-G 2” and “Milyang87/Chalbori” with good quality. The initial cross was done in 2000 and the selected line, “Iksan445” (YB4625-B-B-6-2), showed high yield and good quality characteristics under yield trial test in 2008. It was cultivated three times for three years (2009～2011) in the four locations of regional yield trial (RYT) in korea and was investigated about agronomic and quality characteristics and released as “Hyegang”. The heading date was May 4 in upland and April 26 in paddy field which was 1 and 0 day lateness respectively than that of check cultivar, “Olbori”. The culm length was 77 cm which was 6 cm shorter than that with check cultivar. It showed the spike length of 4.7 cm, 800 spikes / m2, 64 grains / spike and 25.1g for 1,000 grains weight. It showed similar maturing and stronger resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) compare to check cultivar. It showed higher diastatic power 216DP than that of check cultivar, ‘Olbori’. Average yield of “Hyegang” in the RYT was 4.61 MT/ha in upland and 4.38 MT/ha in paddy field, espectively.

‘Jungmo2502’ awnless barley line (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2011. The Jungmo2502 derived from three-way cross between Millyang100 and F1 (Samheung/Suwon300) in 2000. Subsequent generation were handled by the bulk method in a pedigree selection program. A promising line showed high yield as well as lodging resistance in the yield trial tested at Iksan in 2007 to 2008, designated as Iksan 448. The line in the regional yield trials(RYT) tested in seven locations around Korea for three years from 2009 to 2011. The Jungmo2502 is carrying the growth habit of Ⅳ, green leaf and stem similar to the check cultivar ′Youngyang′. Its heading date was May 3, and maturing time was May 30 in paddy field, which was 3 days later respectively than check cultivar. It was 98 cm of culm length, 607 spikes per m2 and showed more rate of leaf blade, winter hardiness, and resistance to BaYMV than the check cultivar. Average dry matter yield was similar with the check cultivar in paddy field (about 11 ton ha-1). It also showed good qualities as 8.7% of crude protein, 21.9% of ADF (acid detergent fiber), 40.7% of NDF (neutral detergent fiber), and 71.6% of TDN (total digestible nutrients), including high grade of silage for whole crop barley.

A chemical, MNU-induced hulless barley mutant line designated as 'Mutant 98 (M98)' was developed from a Korean hulless waxy barley cultivar, 'Chalssalbori'. The objective of the study was to determine the genetic basis of 'M98' and the possibility of using 'M98' as breeding parent to improve lysine level. Compared to 'Chalssalbori', 'M98' had large embryo and higher lysine content in both the embryo and endosperm. Significantly different lysine content in 'M98' and the other high-lysine barley mutant stocks was observed for two years. However, the genotype by year interaction was not significant. 'M98' was higher than the other high-lysine barley mutant stocks in the percentage of lysine of total amino acid composition (0.75%). The trait of shrunken endosperm of 'M98', which was typical in the high-lysine mutants, was inherited by a single recessive gene. Based on seed morphology and lysine content of F1 seeds, 'M98' had a genetically different gene from the other high-lysine mutants for shrunken endosperm. Segregation of F2 for plump/shrunken endosperm did not fit the expected ratio of Mendelian inheritance except for only one cross combination (GSHO1784 (lys1)/M98). The amino acid analysis of F5 and F6 progenies from the cross between 'M98' and 'Chalssalbori' revealed that the attempt to increase the range of lysine content of plump lines did not go beyond the limit of the average high-lysine barley germplasm.

Varietal and annual variations in the contents of β-glucan fractions per weight grain samples were examined in sixteen covered and eighteen naked barley and five oat cultivars developed in Korea. Also, the effect of pearling on β-glucan content was invest

본 연구는 간이 수경재배법을 이용하여 보리의 알루미늄 스트레스 내성과 민감성 품종을 간편하고 빠르게 screen하는 방법을 소개하고, 선별된 품종간의 뿌리의 생장, 뿌리 조직의 염색, 알루미늄 함량, 원형질막의 H+ -ATPase의 발현 변화를 조사하여 분석하였다. l. 보리 65가지 품종을 간이 수경재배법을 이용하여 20uM 알루미늄을 24시간 처리 후 뿌리생장의 차이로 내성 세 품종(자예2, 자예6, 모치무기)과 민감성 세 품종(흰쌀, 올쌀, 품2)을 선별하였다. 2. 알루미늄에 내성 품종은 알루미늄 처리 농도(0, 5, 10, 20uM )에 따라 뿌리 생장 감소폭이 적었으나, 민감성 세 품종은 상대적으로 낮은 5uM 농도에서부터 80%의 생장이 억제되었다. 3. 내성인 자예2와 민감성인 품2의 알루미늄 처리 후, 농도별(0, 5, 10, 20uM ), 시간별(3, 6, 12, 24시간)로 0.2% hematoxylin으로 염색 시 주로 apex에 3시간 이후부터 염색되었으며, 민감성 품2가 내성인 자예2에 비해 농도와 시간에 따라 그 피해 정도가 매우 심각하였다. 4. 20uM 로 24 시간 처리된 뿌리 apex(10 mm)의 알루미늄 함량을 측정한 결과, 내성인 자예2는 주당 47.1 nmol의 함량을 보여 주었으나, 민감성인 품2는 주당 64.9 nmol의 높은 함량을 보여 주었다. 5. 24시간 동안 20uM 알루미늄을 처리한 뿌리 원형질막 H+ -ATPase 발현을 western blotting을 통해 분석한 결과, 내성인 자예2는 차이가 없었으나, 민감성 품2는 현저히 억제되었다. 이로 보아 원형질막 H+ -ATPase가 알루미늄의 내성 기작에 관여하는 것으로 보인다. 6. 본 연구를 통해 간이 수경재배와 hematoxylin을 이용한 염색으로 간단하고 빠르게 보리의 알루미늄 내성과 민감성 품종의 screening을 할 수 있었고, 보리뿐 아니라 쌀, 밀 등의 다른 종자에도 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

Specialty barley extracts were prepared and investigated for its antioxidant activity and biological activity. Hunter L* values of the Iksan 86 extracts had higher than that of the Iksan 87 and Zasoojeongchal extracts. The extraction yields of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal was 8.08, 6.62, and 7.30%, respectively. The contents of total phenolic compounds of the Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 16.24, 15.51, and 13.95 GAE mg/g of sample, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 50.00, 33.27, and 7.56% at a 500 ppm, respectively. The samples showed an inhibition of xanthin oxidase. ACE inhibition effect of specialty barley extracts, Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal, was 39.81, 41.06, and 27.78%, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition rates (%) of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 26.21, 24.57, and 20.00%, respectively. Results indicated that specialty barley extracts possesses various biological activities including antioxidative capacity, xanthin oxidase inhibition activity, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity.