본 연구는 시가지내에서의 산악경관에 대한 조망점 수직상향 이동의 타당성을 구명함으로써 향후 고층화, 과밀화된 시가지내에서의 조망점 설정방안의 근거 자료를 제시하고자, 첫째 조망점의 수직상향 이동 전후의 산의 시각량 및 앙각의 유의차 분석을 위하여 t-검정 분석을 수행하였으며, 둘째, 산정의 가시여부 및 산의 평균 녹시율을 기준으로 하여 조망점의 수직상향 이동 전후의 시각량을 비교 분석하였다. 이에 따른 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 조망점의 수직 상향이동 전후의 단위간 표고차는 평균 15.39m로써 건물 4층 정도의 수준차를 갖는 것으로 판명되었다. 2) 조망점 수직상향 이동 전후의 산의 시각량은 1%의 유의수준에서 현저한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었으나 이때의 앙각의 차는 유의하지 않은 것으로 판명되었다. 즉 조망점의 수직 상향이동 전후의 시각구조는 동일하지만 시점 이동후 산의 시각량이 우세하다는 것을 알았다. 3) 산정의 가시와 산의 평균 녹시율을 상회하는 조망점은 건물옥상높이에서의 빈도수가 많았다. 시각량의 t-검정 분석결과 역시 조망점의 수직상향 이동 전후가 5% 유의수준에서 산의 시각량의 차이가 검증되었다. 본 연구 결과는 산을 적절히 조망할 수 있는 앙각권역 내에 고층건물이 밀집되어 있는 시가지가 포함될 때의 조망점 설정시 근거 자료로 활용될 것이다. 시가지내 포함된 조망점들을 대상으로 하여 앙각의 조건에 차이가 나타나지 않는 수준까지 시점을 수직 상향 이동함으로써 불리한 시각량을 확보할 수 있다 수직 이동된 상태는 이동전과는 달리 시점의 특수성이 인정되나, 앙각의 유의차가 나타나지 않는다면 서로 동일한 조망구조로 간주하여 산악 경관관리를 위한 보존적 지 침을 제시할 수 있다.

도시농경지의 토지이용경향을 살펴보면 이들의 상당부분은 개발용지와 같은 도시적 용도 또는 고수익 형태의 시설경작지로 전환되고 있다. 따라서 도시농경지에서 시설경작지가 차지하는 비율은 다른 경작지 유형에 비해 향후 더욱 높아질 것으로 보이며 이에 따라 시설경작지의 경관생태적 특성을 파악하고 관리방안을 모색하여 지역을 넓은 공간과 시간의 관점에서 계획하고 관리하도록 하는 기초를 마련하고자 하였다. 서울시의 시설경작지는 주로 서울의 남동부에 위치하고 있으며 평균면적은 19.83ha로 다른 농경지 유형에 비해 넓고 Shape Index 분석결과에 의하면 주변부가 상당히 단순한 패취이다. 또한 시설경작지 패취에 인접한 상위 3개의 토지이용을 분석하면 시설경작지 패취에 가장 많이 인접해 있는 유형은 교통시설지로 분석패취의 60%에 인접해 있었으며, 분석패취의 43%가 산림지에, 36%가 다른 유형의 농경지에, 그리고 33%가 주거지에 인접해 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시설경작지 주변의 주된 토지이용이 교통시설지로 나타나는 것은 농작물 생산과 유통을 용이하게 하기 위한 것으로 보인다 따라서 이러한 경관생태적인 분석결과를 토대로 농경지 관리가 이루어지도록 하여 도시환경보전과 생물다양성 증진에 기여하도록 하는 것이 중요하다

전통 사적공간의 효율적인 관리와 보존방안을 위하여 경기도 구리시에 위치한 조선 왕릉의 대표적인 능인 동구릉을 조사하였다. 조사된 식생을 군락으로 구분해보면 졸참나무-신갈나무군락 (Quercus serrata-Quercus mon-golica commnunity), 오리나무군락 (Alnus japonica community), 소나무군락 (Pinus densiflora community)으로 구분할 수 있다. 졸참나무-신갈나무군락의 하위군락으로는 아까시나

본 연구는 일본 국립공원의 경관관리를 위한 법제적 내용특성 중 공원시설물을 위주로 정리한 것이다. 이를 위해서 전국적 기준인 일본의 자연공원법규의 내용을 경관관리 측면에서 정리한 후. 아소. 쿠쥬 국립공원을 대상으로 공원계획서의 내용을 정리하여 전국적 기준과 지역적 관리기준의 차이를 파악하면서 국내범규와 차이점을 검토하였다. 그 결과 일본의 자연공원법규 중 우리 나라와 차이가 있는 공용제한의 내용과 공원계획의 내용 및 공원시설물의 차이를 파악하였고, 공원 내 각종행위에 관한 심사기준이 법제화되어 있음이 조사되었다. 한편, 일본의 경우에 있어서 법적인 근거는 없으나 집단시설지구에서의 이용허가 및 규제내용을 제시하기 위해 국립공원관리소장이 작성하는 관리계획은 보호, 유지할 지역의 경관자원을 명확히 하면서 각종 시설물의 건설행위에 대해 그 규모, 위치, 색채, 디자인 관련 사항 등에 관하여 관리지침을 작성하여 운영하고 있는 실체를 파악할 수 있었다.

Research activities and discussions on specialized areas reflecting the specificity of landscape construction are necessary. Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of presenting basic data for efficient field management by deriving items necessary for safety management in landscape construction fields through experts' opinions. A survey was conducted using Delphi analysis to derive "management items" and "safety management items according to landscape type" for landscape construction field safety for a total of 15 landscape construction specialists. The survey results showed that four top items were derived from the "management items" for the safety of landscape construction fields; they include: "safety and health management organization and education," "industrial safety and health management expenses," "payment of personal protection," and "establishment of safety measures." In addition, two to five items for each higher item appeared and resulted in a total of 13 lower items. Personnel, organization, budget, etc. for safety management are always required in the field, and the monitoring part of whether these elements are working was also taken up as a management item. In the "Management items according to each landscape construction" a total of eight landscape type were distinguished, they include: ‘Reinforced concrete work’, ‘Masonry work’, ‘Plaster's work’, ‘Waterproof work’, ‘Stone masonry work’, ‘Pavement work’, ‘Facilities work’, and ‘Planting work’. Furthermore, two to seven sub-items for each construction type were derived, and a total of 35 management items were presented.

A Visual landscape planning and management system has been introduced and implemented by each ministry so as to solve the problems of visual landscape destruction due to recognition on the value of natural landscape of beautiful territory and various development projects. At present, this system emphasizes the importance of the visual and perceptual aspect of the landscape however, there is a lack of techniques required for comprehensively predicting, evaluating, and managing it. Furthermore, sustainable landscape management after the completion of development projects has been inadequately carried out, as the focus has been only on consultation in the planning process of the development project in institutional performance. To this end, we presented objective and standardized criteria to predict and judge the effects of development projects on landscapes before project implementation. During the implementation of the development project, the influence of the visual landscape becomes accumulated in the construction progress stage. There is a need to identify the main viewpoints and to examine the continuous changes in the landscape-influencing factors, owing to the remarkable influences on the landscape, such as the change in the topography and the change caused by the artificial structure. During the stage of managing the influence on the visual landscape after the completion of the project, the influence on landscape should be monitored by measuring the change in the continuous landscape-influencing factors and determining the extent to which the actual reduction plan has been implemented. These processes should be performed continuously to maintain the quality of the visual landscape. The change in the landscape caused by the development project is shown to cause relatively greater visual damage than other factors composing the landscape owing to the influence of the artificial factors including the structure or the building. This shows that not only detailed examination of the visual impact before the development project but also continuous management is required during and after the development project. For this purpose, we derived eight landscape-influencing factors including form/shape, line, color, texture, scale/volume, height, skyline, and landscape control point. The proposed considering to be of high utilization in that it has a clear target of the landscape influencing factors.

The interest on rural ecological landscape has recently grown on the part of policy makers for rural development. While considerable efforts and resources have been invested to preserve and utilize rural landscape, we still lack a systematic means to quantify and evaluate ecosystem service value of the rural landscape and management status. So this study suggests rural ecological landscape management indicator considering ecosystem service value. It consists of 28 criteria and 107 subcategories, which can be applied to rural village. And We have applied ecosystem service value assessment and resident’s management status on three villages, Moondang village, Yonggye village, and Sesim village.

Four requirements for the operating and supporting system for sustainable landscape management will be discussed through this paper. The requirements are based on multiple case studies on the structure and the process of development of three organizations that have been contributing to the sustainable rural landscape management in Japan since 1989. The first requirement is that the residents should recognize regional problems and voluntarily organize a group which can properly deal with the problems. Secondly, members of the organization should have a solid grasp of the goal of their activities (or founding principal of the organization) and share it among themselves. Founding principal should include the history of natural circulation system in the area, cultural features and a future plan in association with human resources. Thirdly, the administration of the organization should be separated from the founder, the residents. The administration, such as business promotion, becomes more effective when consigned to a separate entity, not to the residents. Lastly, the interaction among separate entities is crucial to promote diverse activities for the local landscape management. The administrators and experts need to cooperate to draw a precise conclusion regarding the way of interaction. These requirements drawn from the Japanese case studies should be localized to the Korean circumstances for further adoption.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the present situation of the landscape management - which encompasses landscape ordinance, planning, and agreement - in regards to the Shiga prefecture and Omihachiman city to explore sustained landscape preservation and management methods, and to deduce the implications of the establishment of rural landscape planning and landscape administration. The conclusion is summarized as follows. First, the landscape ordinance should be operated so that the practical landscape management is suitable to the characteristics of local governments. Second, landscape management should be based on zoning. The landscape plan should start with defining the types and characteristics of the landscapes at each site and subdividing the landscape areas accordingly. Third, the restriction of conduct and the promotion of autonomous landscape activities should be employed as the two axes of landscape administration. Beautiful and healthy landscapes can be achieved through collective efforts of the community, and this requires voluntary practice amongst individuals and administrative regulations to achieve so. Fourth, meticulous, dimensional and practical landscape plans should be established. In order to effectively preserve, form and manage the essential landscape elements and resources of the area, the starting landscape plan should be more definitively outlined. Finally, it is necessary to change the perception of landscape. In order to relish beautiful and healthy scenery, it is critical to recognize the value of the attentive efforts and dedication of each member of the community that stimulates the objective.

A historic urban landscape has to be preserved wholly, not only as a cultural heritage site, but also as an environment and a neighborhood. However, cultural heritage sites have their own unique social-commercial environments, and these are not easy to integrate during the preservation process even though they are located in the same area. To examine ways of overcoming the difficulty in integrating the preservation of heritages, this study analyzes the historic urban landscape preservation of St. Augustine, Florida in the United States. The preservation of St. Augustine's historic urban landscape can be identified by its unique system of government-academy cooperation. For integrated preservation of the historic landscape of St. Augustine, Florida's state government owns the properties, which are not designated but have a heritage value, and are located next to the nationally designated heritage sites. The properties receive trust administration by the University of Florida. This cooperation between the government and the university can benefit both stakeholders. To the government, the relationship gives the benefit for professional, long-term management for the properties and their environments. To the university, the cooperation provides a place for practical education, funding, and opportunities for research and management. The government-academy cooperation model argued for this study can be applied to many Korean historic cities' urban landscape preservation planning.

This study aims to make a comparison of the attitudes between residents, officials and experts towards the rural landscape management polices. It is also designed to suggest the improvements to the rural landscape management policies. This study showed that there were differences in awareness of the rural landscape management polices depending on stakeholder who are residents, officials and experts and experienced groups of rural landscape projects. The directions of improvement of rural landscape policies are as follows: First, it's necessary that the various rural landscape management polices is made of considering the differences on the interest group's recognition. Second, the related rural landscape improvement programs should be implemented based on those plan. Third, the various programs which are to lead voluntary residents participation and to strengthen participant's capabilities have to be arranged to manage the rural landscape effectively.

본 연구는 현재 공동주택에서 조경 식재 유지관리가 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지 현황을 파악하고, 문제점을 찾아 개선방안을 제시하고자 190개소 공동주택 관리소장을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 그 결론은 다음과 같다. 연간관리비용이 500만원미만인 곳이 141개소로 75.4%를 차지하고 있었으며, 관리 비용의 부족으로 인해 조경유지관리회사에 위탁관리를 맡기지 못하거나 일부 관리 공종만 위탁하는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 대부분 관리사무소에서 직접 유지관리를 실시하고 있어 모든 공종에 대한 충분한 관리가 어려운 실정이다. 관리비용은 관리의 질에 가장 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 근본적인 요인이나, 관리비용을 늘리는 것은 실질적으로 어려운 문제이다. 그러나 최근 조경에 대한 주민의식 향상에 따라 조경관리비용의 필요성 및 타당성을 알리고 관심을 갖도록 유도하며, 주민들을 대상으로 조경관리에 지불할 수 있는 관리비용을 설문조사 등을 통해 알아보고 적정한 관리비용을 산정하는 방안이 필요하다. 74.7%에 해당하는 공동주택이 관리사무소에서 직접 관리를 실시하고 있었으나, 83%에 달하는 대부분이 조경 비전문가로서 전문적인 관리를 행하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 관리사무소 직원들을 대상으로 하는 조경 전문 과정을 통해 조경 관리 지식을 습득할 수 있도록 해야 하며, 조경관리 전문가의 양성이 필요하다. 전체 공동주택 중 매뉴얼을 보유하고 있는 곳은 72곳으로 37.9%에 그치고 있었으며, 매뉴얼의 내용부족 및 불명확한 기준과 표현 등으로 만족도 또한 높지 않게 나타났다. 조경 전문가가 아니더라도 매뉴얼을 통한 유지관리가 가능하도록 공동주택을 대상으로 하는 쉽고 자세한 설명의 매뉴얼 제작 및 보급이 필요한 실정이다. 이상과 같이 공동주택 조경 관리에서의 문제점과 개선방안을 제시하였으며, 앞으로 각 공종별 관리 현황 및 개선방안에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

This study focuses on the application of landscape planning(i.e. including rural landscape character area designation and rural landscape planning etc.). That application of landscape planning provides the probably most operable and comprehensive version of what is generally accepted by the discipline. According to the planning discipline the schemes of planning are to; Firstly, we derived the improvement of landscape and the methods of landscape characterization subsequent to analyze the present condition and grasp the landscape resources in Yesan via reviewing the current study and field survey. Secondly, in order to achieve environmentally friendly rural landscape plan and characteristic rural landscape creation, we planed the draft landscape area such as woodland, hydrology area, urbanized area, rural communities, etc. which was classified by sphere of life moreover, we planed partly outdoor facilities, road and colour suchlike. Thirdly, we tried to seek the programme of conservation and utilization for scenic and characteristic rural landscape area via rural landscape character area designation. Lastly, it is proposed that rural landscape planning lead to inhabitant participation, system improvement, subject performance for carrying out efficient rural landscape planning.

The purpose of this study is to propose the policies for preservation, formation and management of Korean rural landscape. For this, the current rural landscape policies are examined and recent legislative changes are also surveyed. The Landscape Law and the Comprehensive Countermeasures for Rural Landscape Improvement are the most significant changes. The proposed issues are as follows: 1. the establishment of rural landscape planning system, 2. the arrangement of the criteria and guideline for rural landscape planning and design, 3. the re-arrangement of the rural landscape index and landscape map, 4. the survey and management of the rural landscape amenity, 5. the revitalization of the landscape projects for rural area, 6. the pragmatic connection with other law and system(especially the Landscape Law), 7. the education and cultivation of the rural landscape expert groups.

Land development policy in Korea, characterized by its supply-oriented policy, has driven rapid economic development. However, it has a negative impact on the natural environment across the country. Especially, as the introduction of quashi-farmland system with the deregulation of agricultural land development in the late 1990s, numerous unfavorable landscape features such as road, motels and apartment have emerged in the rural area. As those interfered irreversible rural landscapes have been expanded, the demand for well preserved rural landscapes have been increased. The objectives of this study, thus, is to suggest the mitigations between the land development and conservation of natural landscape. As such, this study examines the recognition of current rural landscape management status through 118 students with two groups of landscape architecture majored (50 people) and non-landscape majored (68). Both group express the negative impression of current rural landscape management system in general and they pointed out the major landscape problems are caused from inappropriate land use. However, in detail those two groups respond differently, for example, the first group selected the damaged landscape is the second cause of the landscape problem, while the other group selected the poorly maintained settlements. Based on the analysis of the survey, this study suggests 3 recommendations in order to improve the sustainable rural landscape as establishing the proper rural land use planning system, building local governments' capacity to actively participate in the rural landscape management, and preparing the landscape management plans considering area distinctive characteristics.

In Korea, a regulation of visual impact evaluation on development plan in natural environment is provided at the Natural Environment Conservation Act, but it was difficult to obtained the effectiveness enough to conserve natural landscape. So, the visual impact review on development plan is introduced to the act, through the revision of the Natural Environment Conservation Act in 2005. The basic directions of visual impact review are preservation, restoration, view protection, and harmony. The items of review are as follows; (1) development alternations for the provided plan, (2) executive reduction plan of visual impacts including consideration of growth of plants, (3) deliberation process between persons or parties concerned, etc. For rapid settlement of visual impact review system, it needs that the validity, the reliability, and the objectivity should be confirmed through steady research about reasonable guidance of review.