Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts of ginseng berry (GBE) was investigated through the evaluation of its inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory meditator, nitric oxide(NO), tumor necrocis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. GBE was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, buthanol and H2O, sequentially. RAW264.7 cells were induced 100ng/mℓ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with 0, 1.6, 8, 40 and 200μg/mℓ of GBE fractions. LPS-induced NO production on all of GBE fractions was inhibited with increasing added concentration of GBE fractions. Chloroform fraction of GBE was the most effective in inhibiting LPS-induced TNF-α production. Hexane, chloroform and H2O fractions of GBE exhibit strong inhibition LPS-induced IL-6 production. Especially, H2O fractions of GBE was the most effective in inhibiting LPD-induced IL-6 production without significant cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells, and reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and IkB phosphorylation. These results indicate that H2O fractions of GBE exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of NF-kB by inhibition of p-38 on MAPK and IkB phosphorylation.
오죽 잎의 메탄올 조추출물을 극성에 따라 용매분획하고 분획물의 항산화 활성과 항산화 활성, S. aureus 균주에 대한 항균활성을 조사하고 활성성분을 HPLC를 이용하여 정량하였다. 용매분획물 중에서 ethyl acetate 분획물의 DPPH radical 소거 활성, FRAP활성이 모두 가장 강하였으며, 총페놀성 화합물의 함량도 가장 높았다. S. aureus 균주에 대한 항균활성 역시 ethyl acetate 분획물이 모든 시험 농도에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. Ethyl acetate 분획물 중에서 caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, kaempferol 성분을 분리하여 정량하였으며 이 중 kaempferol의 함량이 가장 높았다. 오죽 잎의 ethyl acetate 분획물은 천연 식품보존료로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.
Epimedium koreanum Nakai is a wild medicinal plant commonly consumed in South Korea due to its beneficial health effects. In this study, the antimutagenic and immunological activities of E. koreanum Nakai extracts were investigated for their use in food. In the immunomodulating activity, the effects of E. koreanum Nakai on the B cell (Rhamos) and T cell (Molt-4) were investigated. The results showed that the growth and viability of the B and T cells were increased and activated more in the ethylacetate (1.35 and 1.48 times) and water fraction (1.30 and 1.40 times), respectively. In the Ames test, none of the fractions produced a mutagenic effect on Salmonella. typhimurium TA98 and TA 100. The ethylacetate fraction showed a strong antimutagenic effect (98%) on and a high butanol fraction (84%) of B(α)P in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, respectively. In 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), all the solvent fractions showed an over 70% antimutagenic effect, except for the chloroform extract. Especially, ethylacetate and butanol showed strong inhibition of the mutagenic effects (80 and 90%) on 4NQO in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, respectively. These results provide preliminary data for the development of E. koreanum Nakai as an edible food material.
The potential antioxidant activities of different fractions from Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina were assayed in vitro. Among several fractions, n-BuOH fraction showed the highest 1,1-di[henyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging (IC50=0.50μg/mL). The results of 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay showed the concentration dependency and n-BuOH fraction appeared a better result than the other fractions at the same concentrati on in this study. Moreover the total phenol and flavonoid contents of n-BuOH fraction contained the highest level. Additionally, correlation analysis indicated a high correlation between the antiradical activity and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents (p 〈 0.001). It suggests that n-BuOH fraction obtained from the 70% EtOH crude extract of Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina has wide potential for use as a source of antioxidant material.
Root extract of Lythrum salicaria reported a hepato-protective effect on CCl4-induced liver toxicity of rat was prepared into fractions such as n-hexane up layer (HA), n-hexane down layer (HB), diethyl ether (E), ethylacetate (EA), n-butanol (B) and water (W). Fractions prepared were tested their activities in vitro and in vivo condition. All of the fractions showed effective antioxidant asctivities on DPPH radical and CuSO4-induced oxidation of human low density lipoprotein and E fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect (98.1% at 50 μg/ml) on linoleic acid autoxidation at 40℃, which was more effective than α-tocopherol (82.4%). Five fractions (H = HA plus HB, E, EA, B, and W, 150 mg/kg/day) were fed into Sprague Dawley, male rats for 4 days, which were intoxicated with intra-peritoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg in corn oil) at the 4th day and were sacrificed in 24 hrs. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, elevated with CCl4-intoxication in negative control group (83 pg/ml) was significantly decreased in E fraction-supplemented group (18 pg/ml). Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in negative control group (0.12 U/mg protein) was decreased in E fraction (0.07 U/mg protein). From the results, it is suggested that ether fraction from root extract of L. salicaria would be a potent antioxidant candidate for ameliorating liver injury induced by chemical intoxicant.
동백나무 잎을 새로운 기능성 식품의 재료로 활용하기 위하여 항산화 및 항암활성을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. DPPH radical 소거활성을 측정한 결과 분획물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 DPPH radical 소거활성이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 물 분획물에서 가장 높은 DPPH radical 소거활성을 보였다. 환원력도 분획물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 환원력이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 환원력 또한 물 분획물에서 가장 높게 나타났다. Lin
산딸나무의 꽃, 잎, 열매, 가지 등 부위별 추출물과 용매 분획물을 제조하여 각각의 생리활성물질 함량, 항산화활성 그리고 tyrosinase 억제활성을 분석하였다. 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 다른 부위보다 꽃 추출물에서 169.638 mg·g-1과 25.418 mg·g-1으로 가장 높게 나타났다. DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성과 Fe2+ chelating 효과 역시 꽃 추출물에서 가장 우수한 것으로 조사되었다. Ferric thiocyante 방법으로 지질 과산화 억제효과를 조사한 결과, 꽃, 잎, 가지의 경우는 BHT보다 높은 억제활성을 보였다. Tyrosinase 억제활성은 오직 꽃 추출물에서만 나타났다. 높은 생리활성을 보인 꽃과 잎 추출물을 n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol의 순으로 용매분획한 결과, 폴리페놀함량은 꽃과 잎 모두 water 분획물에서 각각 67.006 mg·g-1 및 66.739 mg·g-1으로 가장 많았다. 반면 플라보노이드 함량은 꽃의 경우 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 가장 높았고, 잎은 butanol 분획물에서 가장 높게 조사되었다. 자유라디칼 소거활성은 꽃 추출물의 경우 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 가장 높았고 잎 추출물은 butanol 분획물에서 가장 높게 조사되었다. 꽃과 잎의 각 용매 분획물이 tyrosinase의 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 모두 water 분획물에서 각각 49.24% 및 31.8%로 가장 높은 억제 효과를 보였다.
고추잎을 기능성식품의 재료로 이용하기 위한 방안을 모색하기 위하여 각 용매 분획물을 이용하여 생리활성 즉, 전자공여효과, 환원력, 아질산염 소거효과, 항균활성 및 tyrosinase 저해활성에 대하여 조사하였다 추출수율을 조사한 결과 물 분획층에서 16.9%로 가장 높은 추출수율을 나타낸 반면 에틸아세테이트 분획층 0.6%로 가장 낮은 추출수율을 나타내었다. 전자공여효과는 전반적으로 농도가 상승함에 따라 증가하였으며, 환원력도 분획물의 농도가 높