This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic effects of leaves, stems, and roots in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius). Antibacterial activity of leaf extract by disk diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli respectively showed 13.3 and 13.75mm diameters of clear zone. There was no significant difference between the stems and leaves. The minimum inhibitory concentration of leaves’ heating and agitation extraction showed a restrain of strain at 1mg/ml, but the stems and root extract did not appear. Yacon is a functional antibacterial material, and methanol extraction is more effective than water. This research was to investigate the growth stage of collection has the most effective antibacterial effects. It has collected yacon's leaves from June to October, which is an appropriate time for collection right before reaping. Yacon leaf has antibacterial effects on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Salmonella enteritifis. There were no significant differences by the growth stage of collection. Leaves collected in July are high in phenol which helps in sulfating activity works well considering the high scavenging capability of DPPH. Leaves collected in September are high in total flavonoid.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Metaplexis japonica by using hot-water and ethanol extracts of its leaf and stem. Yields of hot-water and ethanol extracts of M. japonica leaf were high at 6.89 and 6.23%, respectively. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents in ethanol extracts of M. japonica leaf (ALEE) were high (86.96 and 60.73 mg/g, respectively). The electron-donating ability of all M. japonica extracts increased with an increase in extract concentration, with the highest electron-donating ability of 36.20~68.19% shown by hot-water extracts of M. japonica leaf (ALWE). The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of ALWE and ALEE increased with an increase in extract concentration. The nitrite-scavenging ability of the extracts was the highest at pH 1.2 and that of ALWE was higher than that of ALEE. The reducing power of 62.5 μg/mL ALEE was 0.09 and that of 1,000 μg/mL ALWE was 0.44. The inhibitory effect of an ethanol extract of M. japonica stem (ASEE) on tyrosinase was 13.81% at a concentration of 62.5 μg/mL and that of 1,000 μg/mL ALEE was 57.04%.

We compared effects of fruit, leaf, and stem extracts from black raspberry on improvement of cholesterol and blood pressure in HepG2 and HUVEC cells, respectively. Cholesterol secretion was inhibited by water extracts of unripe fruit and stem, but not leaf of black raspberry in HepG2 cells. Also, water extracts of unripe fruit, leaf, and stem reduced HMG-CoA reductase activity. Furthermore, nitric oxide production and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) protein were regulated by extracts of fruit, leaf, and stem of black raspberry in HUVEC cells. Overall, the rank order according to the improving level of cholesterol and hypertension is as follows: stem > fruit > leaf. In addition, various polyphenol compounds displayed inhibitory effects of HMG-CoA reductase activity and ACE expression. Thus, these data suggested that leaf and stem as wells as fruit of black raspberry can be used as useful food resources for reduction of cholesterol and blood pressure.

Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) has been used in traditional medicines, as its roots contain severalkinds of 3,28-bidesmosidic triterpenoid saponin with high medicinal values. In this study, we induced hairy root-derivedtransgenic plants of C. lanceolata and analyzed triterpenoid saponins from the leaf, stem and root. Transgenic plants wereregenerated from the hairy roots via somatic embryogenesis. The saponins are lancemaside A, B and E, foetidissimoside A,and aster saponin Hb. Transgenic plants contained richer triterpenoids saponin than wild-type plants. Major saponin lance-maside A was the most abundant saponin in the stem from transgenic-plant, 4.76㎎·1−¹ dry stem. These results suggest thattransgenic plants of C. lanceolata could be used as medicinal materials for the production of triterpene saponins.

본 연구는 자색 옥수수 부산물인 옥수수 줄기와 잎을 이용하여 염액을 추출하여 여러 가지 염색 조건에서 염색정도를 관찰하고 자색옥수수 부산물의 염료로서의 가능성을 타진하여 이용성 증진을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다.1. 자색 옥수수 추출시 pH에 따른 흡광도의 변화가 없으므로 자색 옥수수 색소 함량을 측정하기 위하여 UV흡광도를 측정할 때 520∼560 nm를 이용하는 것이효율적일 것으로 생각된다.2. 자색 옥수수 잎 추출물로 염색한 silk와 cotton은 pH가높아질수록 직물의 밝기와 적색도가 낮아졌다. 줄기추출물의 경우에는 뚜렷한 경향을 나타내지는 않았지만 pH 값이 높아질수록 밝기와 적색도가 높아지는 경향을 나타내었다.3. 농도에 따른 직물의 염색 정도는 silk와 cotton 모두 농도가 높아질수록 밝기는 낮아지고 적색도는 증가하는경향을 나타내었다.4. Silk와 cotton은 일반적으로 염색시간이 길어질수록명도가 증가하고, 적색도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

Buckwheat sprouts are a vegetable which provides health benefit with their nutritionally important substances. Buckwheat has been considered as preventive medicine in the last decade. The present study was focused on the reference maps common (Fagopyrum esculentum Möench.) and tatary(Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) buckwheat leaf and stem cultured in light and dark condition. Proteins were extracted from 7-day germinated buckwheat sprout sand separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) with isoelectro focusing gel over pH3 to 10. A total of more than 1520 protein spots were revealed on 2-DE gel, in which 165 proteins were identified in the basis of peptide mass fingerprinting. Functional category analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins mainly involved in cellular process, defense responsive, energy production, metabolism, photosynthesis, DNA recombination, DNA replication, seed storage, signal transduction, stress responsive, transcription, translation, and energy transport proteins. The pattern at protein level suggested the important roles for energy and protein metabolism-related proteins in growing sprouts under dark and light condition, accompanied by the activated of the stress responsive and growth condition. The proteomic profiling of common and tatary buckwheat will give insight for understanding buckwheat physiology and application to buckwheat industry.

This study was carried out to obtain basic information for optimum storage method of leaf, stem and root of Angelica acutiloba Radix, which is being utilized as major cultivated herbal medicine materials, root of Angelica acutiloba was stored for 3 months in different packing materials and sealing methods, such as punched packing, sealing and vacuum packing. The results are summarized as follows. The loss in weight as influenced by packing materials and sealing degree was the lowest at vacuum packing and complete sealing condition with transparent polyethylene film. The ratio of root rot during the storage period was not significantly different between polyethylene films, but it was significantly different between sealing conditions. Therefore, vacuum packing and complete sealing with polyethylene film are desirable storage condition for Angelica acutiloba Radix.

This study was conducted to determine feasibility of production system of Perilla frutescens leaf-stem by fertilizing of Sta-Green in pots. Germination rate of Perilla frutescens seeds collected in 2002 was 7%, also germination rate of seeds collected in 2003 was 62%, while germination rate of seeds collected in 2004 was above 93%. Seed germination rate of Perilla frutescens collected in 2004 were higher than seed gathering in 2002. Especially, plant growth and yield of Perilla frutescens grown in pot(The pots was filled with soil mixtures of Sta-Green and Peat Moss mixed with 40:60 ratio.) was the highest. These results indicate that leaf and stem production of Perilla frutescens can be improved by fertilizing of Sta-Green in pots.

Activated carbon(AC) can be utilized as a soil conditioner in agricultural crop areas. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of AC on Leaf and Stem Production of Angelica acutiloba as affected by different amounts of AC. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Growth characteristics including plant height and leaf length were the highest when activated carbon added with 10, suggesting that optimum amount of activated carbon was ranged from 10 to 20%. Growth and enlargement of the root were improved by 10% AC.

This study was conducted to produce effectively more leaves of Angelica acutiloba through year-round production system by using various mulching materials. Soil temperature by covering treatment was the highest in P.E.(Polyethylene Film) mulching and followed by rice straw mulching, especially showing highest temperature in Tr. PE(Transparent Polyethylene Film) from April through May. Water content of soil was higher in P.E. mulching than in non-mulching. Leaf and stem production of Angelica acutiloba through year-round production showed the highest in PE mulching also root production of Angelica acutiloba showed the highest in P.E. mulching. These results suggest that leaf and stem production of Angelica acutiloba can be maximized through P.E. mulching cultivation system.

This study was conducted to develop effective production system in greenhouse for leaves and stems of Angelica acutiloba by fertilizing of Sta-Green in pots. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Germination rate of Angelica acutiloba seeds collected in 2003 was 13%, while germination rate of seeds Collected in 2004 was above 91%. Seed germination rate and plant biomass of Angelica acutiloba collected in 2004 were higher than seed gathering in 2003. Especially, plant growth and yield of Angelica acutiloba grown in pot(The pots was filled with soil mixtures of Sta-Green and Peat Moss mixed with 45:55 ratio.) was the highest. These results indicate that leaf and stem production of Angelica acutiloba can be improved by fertilizing of Sta-Green in pots and optimizing seed collecting time in greenhouse.

This study was conducted to develop effective production system in greenhouse for leaves and stems of Angelica acutiloba by using connect pots in 2003 and 2004. Seed germination rate and plant biomass of Angelica acutiloba collected in 2004 were higher than those harvested in 2003. Germination rate of Angelica acutiloba seeds collected in 2003 was 10％, while germination rate of seeds collected in 2004 was above 90％. Especially, plant growth and yield of Angelica acutiloba grown in connect pots sized with 4 × 4 × 5cm(length × width × height) were the highest. These results indicate that leaf and stem production of Angelica acutiloba can be improved by using connect pots and optimizing seed collecting time in greenhouse.

인삼 식물체의 식품 첨가물로의 이용성을 타진하기 위해 각 부위별 항산화 활성 및 총 페놀 함량을 분석, 비교하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 인간 LDL의 산화에 대한 저해활성은 뿌리 (45.2~54.3%)에서 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, linoleic acid에 대한 자동산화에 대해서는 잎이 90.1~96.5%의 매우 높은 저해활성을 나타내었다. Superoxide anion 라디칼에 대해서 줄기 (35.6~76.1%), 잎 (60.1~69.3%), 뿌리 (-5.6~20.1%)의 순으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 대체적으로 낮은 활성을 나타내었으며 총 페놀 화합물은 인삼 잎 (147~200 mg%), 줄기 (110~153 mg%) , 뿌리 (61~86 mg%)의 순으로 높게 나타났다.

근동질계통인 화청벼의 찰벼와 메벼를 이용하여 출수기 엽신 제거에 따른 찰벼와 메벼 줄기의 수직 건물 중 변화와 상위절 엽신이 수확기 수량구성요소 중 천립중과 등숙율에 미치는 영향을 평가한 시험의 결과는 아래와 같다. 1 출수기 엽신 제거에 따른 줄기의 수직 건물중 변화는 10cm 까지가 가장 많이 감소하였다. 2 공시 품종별 줄기의 건물중 감소는 찰벼보다 메벼가 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 수확기 엽초+경의 전분함량은 waxy rice보다 non-waxy rice가 높았고 공시품종 모두 엽초+경의 전분함량은 상위 3엽을 모두 제거한 것이 가장 낮았고 단엽제거 처리에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다 4. 천립중과 등숙율은 찰벼보다 메벼에서 높았고 천립중과 등숙율은 공시품종 모두 상위 3업을 모두 제거한 것이 가장 낮게 나타났다.

6월 하순부터 1개월 간격으로 작약의 잎과 줄기에 인위적 고사를 유도하여 지상부 고사가 뿌리의 발달, 수량, 상품성에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 작약의 잎과 줄기를 고사시키는 주 병원균은 점무늬병균, 녹병균, 흰가루병균, 검은무늬병균, 탄저병균, 갈색점무늬병원균이었다. 2. 점무늬병과 흰가루병은 4월 하순에서 5월 중순경에 발병되었고, 녹병은 6월 상 순부터 발생되어 시일이 경과할수록 발생율이 증가하였다. 3. 작약 지상부의 고사는 5월 하순부터 시작되어 8월 하순경에는 50% 이상의 고사율을 보였다. 4. 수량은 정상주에 비해 6월 하순 및 7월 하순 고사가 31~35% 감수되었고, 8월 하순과 9월 하순 고사가 7~12%의 감수를 보였다. 5. 직경 10mm이상 상품성이 있는 뿌리수는 6월과 7월 고사가 8월이후 고사에 비해 적었고 주성분 Paeoniflorin 함량은 조기에 고사된 작약 뿌리 가 오히려 높았다.

용담은 뿌리에 Gentiopicroside 등의 성분을 함유하고 있어 한방에서 고미건위약으로 이용되는데 수요전량을 야생채취에 의존해왔으나 공급의 절대부족으로 '92년에는 46,183kg을 수입, 매년 그 양이 증가하고 있는 실정이나 실생에 의한 증식이 곤란하여 아직까지 재배화 되지 못하고 있는바, 종묘 생산을 위한 기내 대량증식 가능성을 검토하였다. 1. 엽육 조직배양시 MS 배지에서의 callus 형성율은 2,4-D 0.1mg/l 에 BA 0.2mg/l 첨가에서 16%를 보였고 shoot의 형성은 2,4-D 0.5mg/l 에 BA 0.2mg/l 에서만 8% 이루어졌으며 2. 경편배양에서 shoot의 형성은 2,4-D 0.1mg/l 에 BA 0.2mg/l첨가에서 24% 이루어졌고 식물체 기내 생육은 2,4-D 0.5mg/l 에 BA 0.2mg/l 처리가 가장 양호하였다. 3. 배지의 종류에 따른 shoot의 길이와 평균엽수는 GD배지에서 7.9cm와 9.2매로 가장 좋았으나 shoot의 증식수는 MS배지가 5.0로 가장 많았고 B5〉GD〉WPM〉DKW배지의 순으로 좋았으며 4. 배지의 pH별 시험에서는 5.0에서 6.2까지 높아질수록 shoot 길이와 증식수가 증가하는 경향이었지만 식물체의 정상적 생육은 pH 5.9에서 가장 양호하였으며, 배지내 활성탄의 첨가농도가 2g까지 높아질수록 shoot 길이가 증가하여 개체의 생육은 건전하였으나 shoot 증식은 감소되는 경향이었다. 5. MS 배지에 2,4-D 1.0~2.0mg/l 처리에서 유도한 체세포 돌연변이주는 키가 큰 신장형이 63%였고, 작은키의 위축형은 37%였다.