This study was conducted to investigate the association between initial nutritional status and treatment outcome of hepatoma patients. Initial nutritional status was measured based on weight, serum albumin and total lymphocyte counts. Treatment outcome was measured in the three categories such as complication, treatment status at discharge and mortality. The study subjects were 120 patients with hepatoma cancer admitted at a university hospital in Seoul. The information about initial nutritional status and treatment outcome was collected from medical records. Chi-square test was used to test the association between initial nutritional status and treatment outcome. As a result, 76.6% of the subjects were classified as the nutritional risk group based on initial nutritional status. Prevalence of complication was higher in nutritional risk group Ⅰ and Ⅱ than that in non-risk group(p<0.05). Death rate of the nutritional risk group was significantly higher than that of non-risk group(p<0.001). The findings suggest the strong association between the initial nutritional status and treatment outcome of hepatoma cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ‘knowledge of results’ on wrist proprioceptive training in three persons with poststroke hemiplegia who had no unilateral spatial neglect on MVPT and had adequate cognition on MMSE-K. A single subject design with multiple baseline across individuals was employed. Each subject participated daily in the 10-15 minutes' wrist proprioceptive training for the affected wrist with ‘knowledge of results’ which informed the subjects of their wrist position verbally or visually as feedback. The proprioception was measured as average frequency and percentage of the correct responses on the wrist proprioceptive test in the affected side using apparatus of researcher’s own design and SoloSystem. The measurements were repeated three times; baseline, immediately, and 30 minutes after the training. The results were as follow: 1.　During the baseline period, the number of average correct responses in three subjects were: S1 7.20(36.00%), S2 7.25(36.25%), and S3 10.58(52.92%) respectively. 2.　Immediately after the training, the number of average correct responses in three subjects were: S1 14.07(69.67%), S2 12.83(64.17%), and S3 15.63 (78.13%) respectively. 3. Thirty minutes after the training, the number of average correct responses in three subjects were: S1 15.53(77.67%), S2 14.25(71.25%), S3 6.38(81.88%) respectively. 4. All the three subjects showed more correct responses in wrist proprioceptive tests at wrist flexion 60°and extension 60°during both the baseline and the training period. They also showed the highest improvement of correct response at neutral wrist position. These results indicated that ‘knowledge of results’ had positive effects on improving and maintaining the wrist proprioception of affected wrists in persons with poststroke hemiplegia. Effect of such improvement on the functional aspect of stroke-affected upper extremity remains to be evaluated in the later study.

Radio astronomy, on its part, requires 'quiet zones' to be able to receive incoming cosmic signals unaffected by interference to enable astronomers and others learn about universe. The agenda item 1.16 of WRC-2000 contains a number of issues relevant for radio astronomy, but some of them are more important than others. The preparations for WRC-2000 have reached a close-to-final stages, with a number of proposals to this agenda item submitted to the ITU by many countries and groups of countries, like APT, CEPT and CITEL. There is no clear preference to anyone of these proposals since their differences are only minor. However, several points remain to be solved in the APT and CITEL. Fortunately, the preparation went very well, and consensus was reached on allocations above 71 GHz and three resolutions. The radio astronomy has obtained about 100 GHz of new spectrum allocations in bands above 71 GHz. In addition, a new resolution was approved by plenary meeting of WRC-2000. It deals with the consideration by a future WRC of sharing and compatibility issues between passive and active services in adjacent bands particularly with the space services (downlinks) into radio astronomy above 71 GHz. Therefore, in future, there should be a need for studies to be made to determine if and under what conditions sharing is possible, given that modifications were made on the basis of requirements known now and that little was known of requirements and implementation plans for active services in bands above 71 GHz.

본 연구는 여름철에 수행된 체감실험 결과이다. 연구의 목적은 함국인을 대상으로 여름철 체감실험을 통해 SET*(PMV)와 상관관계를 규명하고, ASHRAE Standard 55-74의 쾌적영역과 한국인의 쾌적영역을 비교 검토한는 것이다. 따라서 한국인에 대하여 생리 및 심리적인 접근방법을 통해 냉방시 온열쾌적감을 분석하여, 온열환경지표(PMV, SET*)의 적용가능성을 검토하였다. 또한 청년 및 고령자에 대하여 각각 쾌적영역을 제시하였다. 냉방시 체감실험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 청년층의 중립 SET*(TSV=0)는 26.4℃이었지만, 고령자의 경우는 26.9℃ 이었다. 2. 청년과 고령자의 발한은 평균피부온도 34℃ 근처에서 급격하게 상승하였다. 3. 청년층의 온열적 중립영역은 SET* 25.4~27.5℃(0.20〈PMV〈0.85)이지만, 고령자의 중립영역은 SET* 25.8~28.0℃(0.43〈PMV〈1.07) 이었다.

본 연구의 목적은 한국인을 대상으로 겨울철 체감실험을 통해 SET*(PMV)와 상관관계를 규명하고, ASHRAE Standard 55-74의 쾌적영역과 한국인의 쾌적영역을 비교 검토하는 것이다. 실험에 참가한 각 피험자는 동일한 유니폼을 착용한 체 의자에 앉아 환경시험실에서 2시간 체재하였다. 피험자의 평균피부온도는 신체 3군데에서 측정한 피부온도 값을 이용하였고, 전신온냉감 및 쾌불쾌감 신고는 매 15분 간격으로 측정하였다. 전신온냉감 신고 스케일은 -3= cold, -2=cool, -1=slight cool, o=neutral, +1= Slightly warm, +2=warm, +3=hot 이며, 쾌불쾌감 신고스케일은 0=comfortable, +1=slightly comfortable, +2=uncomfortable, +3=very uncomfortable이다. 겨울철 체감실험을 통해 아래의 결론을 얻었다. 1)전신온냉감이 중립이 될때 청년층의 SET*는 25.5℃이며, 고령자의 중립온도는 27℃이었다. 고령자는 청년에 비해 1.5℃(SET*) 정도 고온을 선호하였다. 2)청년층의 쾌적영역은 24.2-26.8℃(SET*)이며, 고령자의 쾌적영역은 25.7-28.2℃이었다. 이러한 쾌적영역은 ASHRAE의 쾌적영역보다 고온지향적임을 알 수 있었다.

Several studies have evaluated the effects of types of relative frequency and delay interval of knowledge of results(KR) on motor skill learning independently. The purpose of this study was to determine more effective types of KR relative frequency and KR delay interval for motor learning. Forty-six healthy subjects (15 female, 31 male) with no previous experience with this experiment participated. The subjects ranged in age from 20 to 29 years (mean=23.9, SD=0.474). All subjects were assigned to one of four groups: a high-instant group, a high-delay group, a low-instant group, and a low-delay group. During the acquisition phase, subjects practiced movements to a target (400 mm) with either a high (83%) or low (33%) KR relative frequency, and with either an instantaneous or delayed (after 8s) KR. Four groups were evaluated on retention (after 3min and 24hr) and transfer (450 mm) tests. The major findings were as follows: (1) there were no between-group differences in acquisition and short-term retention (p>0.05, (2) a low (33%) KR relative frequency during practice was as effective for learning as measured by both long-tenn retention and transfer tests, compared with high (83%) KR practice conditions (p<0.05), (3) delayed (8s) KR enhanced learning as measured by both long-term retention and transfer tests, compared with instantaneous KR practice conditions (p<0.05), and (4) there were no interactions between KR relative frequency and KR delay interval during acquisition, retention, and transfer phases. The results suggest that relatively less frequent and delayed KR are more effective types for motor learning than more frequent and instantaneous KR.ㅂ