Environment-friendly agricultural products in villages for rural tourism not only are very crucial as a pull factor that attracts tourists but also can serve as a way out for the development of rural areas. Experiences of agricultural products and local dishes can revitalize rural tourism and act as attractors that draw tourists to farm villages for tourism consistently. This study examines factors affecting rural experience tourists’ purchase of environment-friendly agricultural products, thereby suggesting marketing strategies for promoting the consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products of villages for rural tourism.

Since organized living cooperative associations sold their environment-friendly agricultural products directly to independent consumers in the past, the general distribution channels such as wholesalers had difficulty in handling these products. However, the ratio of distribution via wholesale channel has been gradually increased as consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products has expanded. This study is to address vitalization of wholesale distribution for environmentfriendly agricultural products by gathering previous statistical data and analysis. In addition, statistical analysis are conducted by utilizing surveys on forwarders, consumers for environment-friendly agricultural products. As a result, the products producers ship are distributed through dealers at producers sites, producers cooperatives, or food process companies, food companies, internet shopping malls, large-scale distribution companies, consumer groups such as living cooperative associations, direct outlets at consumers sites, or exports. Among the channels, the large-scale distribution companies and franchised special shops account for 47%, the general supermarkets 15.7%, and living cooperative associations 14.6% respectively. By utilizing the research results on producers and consumers, and the distribution weight by channels for environment-friendly agricultural products, the distribution channels for living cooperative associations, wholesale markets, and large scale distribution companies are compared and evaluated. As a result, the level of producers’ and consumers’ satisfaction for them is the lowest since the low selling price for producers and high distribution margins.

습지는 생태자원의 보고로서 다양한 생물종의 서식지를 제공하고 생활환경으로 이용함과 더불어서 탄소를 저장하고 수질을 정화하는 등의 2차적인 기능도 기대할 수 있으므로 그 활용성은 나날이 증대되고 있다.<br> 이에 정부에서도 이러한 필요성을 인지하여, 4대강 살리기 사업에서 인공습지의 복원 및 조성을 주요한 한 축으로 제시하였고, 수질개선 및 생태복원 계획으로 습지를 조성하였다. 이를 통해 한강 22개소, 낙동강 49개소, 금강 32개소, 영산강 44개소로 총 147개소의 인공습지를 조성하여 생태계 다양성을 확보하고 있지만, 이러한 습지를 유지하고 관리하기 위한 습지의 생물 및 서식환경에 대한 연구사례가 상대적으로 적어 관리상의 문제점이 대두되고 있다. 특히 이러한 하천에 조성된 인공습지는 유지를 위해서 하천의 수위에 따른 서식환경의 변화를 분석하는 것이 중요하다. 홍수가 발생했을 경우 습지의 침수범위와 평상시 침수범위에 따라서 습지의 생태환경 변화에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 습지의 고유 특성을 파악하기 위해서는 범람해석을 통한 유황변화에 따른 향후 습지의 침수구역을 모의할 필요가 있다.이에 본 연구에서는 충분히 자연생태환경으로 복원되었다는 결과를 얻을 수 있고 자연생태계가 잘 발달되어 있어 다양한 생물종 서식에 유리할 것으로 판단되는 비내섬습지에 대해 각 유황에 따른 침수구역을 모의하고, 여러 생물군 중 침수심에 영향을 많이 받는 식물상에 대한 영향을 분석하도록 한다. 이를 통해 수리수문학적 분석을 통한 습지의 서식환경 유지관리 방안을 제시하도록 한다.

The purpose of this study is to estimate efficiency of environmental-friendly agricultural product by using Data Envelopment Analysis. A proposed method employs a bootstrapping approach to generating efficiency estimates through Monte Carlo simulation resampling process. The technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency measure of strawberry by pesticide-free certification is 0.967, 0.995, 0.968 respectively. However those of bias-corrected estimates are 0.918, 0.983, 0.934. We know that the DEA estimator is an upward biased estimator. In technical efficiency, average lower and upper confidence bounds of 0.807 and 0.960. According to these results, the DEA bootstrapping model used here provides bias-corrected and confidence intervals for the point estimates, it is more preferable.

The effects of cadmium ions (Cd2+) on the Chl a fluorescence of Ricciocarpos natans were investigated in order to determine whether Chl fluorescence can be used as a biomarker to estimate the physiological responses of plants to cadmium stress. In all plants treated with Cd2+, the image of Fv/Fm, which represents the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ, changed as the Cd2+ concentration increased, when treated for 48 h or more. Changes of ΦPSⅡ and QP images were recognized even at 10 μM Cd2+. The Chl a O-J-I-P fluorescence transient was also affected even at 10 μM Cd2+. The fluorescence yield decreased considerably in steps J, I and P in plants treated with Cd2+, although a typical polyphasic rise was observed in non-treated plants. The Chl fluorescence parameters, Fm, Fv/Fo, Sm, SFIabs, PIabs and ETo/CS, decreased as the Cd2+ concentration increased, while the Mo and Kn parameters increased. Peroxidase activity decreased significantly and catalase activity increased as the Cd2+ concentration increased. Because of its sensitivity to Cd2+ Ricciocarpos natans is useful in experiments investigating the responses of plants to cadmium exposure. Several parameters (Fm, Fv/Fo, Sm, SFIabs, PIabs, ETo/CS, Mo and Kn) can be applied to determine quantitatively the physiological states of plants under cadmium stress.

This reasearch was performed to evaluate CO2 emission of Modular bridge quantitatively. Preferentially, Modular bridge was separated steel girder bridges, concrete girder, concrete slab bridge and analyzed process in doing configuration W.B.S system. According to the Ministry of land guidelines, each process was divided into material, transportation, construction and calculated by division in detail the materials and fuel so it planned that quantitative assessment can be achieved.

Structural dynamic properties such as natural frequency depend not only on damage but also environmental condition (i.e., Temperature). Without removing the variation of environmental condition in the damage detection, false-positive or negative damage diagnosis may occur so that structural health monitoring becomes unreliable. One of methods used to solve this problem is to construct regression model based on structural responses with the environmental factors. However, it is difficult to determine where and which environmental variables to measure. One alternative is to remove the variability due to environmental variation without measurement of environmental variables. However, the performance of this method is depending on how to define the reference data set. Generally, there is no prior information on reference condition (i.e., healthy condition) during data mining. Reference condition is determined based on subjective perspective with human-intervention. To overcome the drawback of current methods, this paper investigates adaptive PCA technique for the monitoring of structural damage detection under environmental change. This method is not required to determine the reference condition and measure the environmental variables. Proposed method is tested on numerically simulated data for a range of noise in measurement under environmental variation.

With the efforts to development of renewable energy technologies, and increasing awareness to environmental issues, the usage of wood pallets has been increasing every year since the introduction of wood pallet technology to the domestic market. until 2009, majority usage of pellet boiler was in the residential houses. In an effort to increase the distribution of wood pellet boiler to cultivation facilities with high usage of fuels, The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry has launched a distribution project of wood pellet boiler for fuel usage as a part of the agricultural and fishery energy efficiency projects. Although only small number of farms with a heat-culturing facility have replaced from conventional boiler to pellet boiler. Although part of reason for low usage of pallet boiler is lack of understanding and information of it, the main reasons are high initial cost and uncertainty of its cost efficiency. Also, most people from agricultural industry don’t realize it’s significance in terms of environmental benefit due to lack of understanding in ‘resource circulation’ and ‘adopting to climate change’. In this study, first, we did a costefficiency analysis of the farm which uses a diesel boiler to grow cucumber, tomato, paprika. Then we replaced the diesel boiler to a pallet boiler and measured its cost-efficiency again. By comparing the cost-efficiency of the diesel boiler with the pellet boiler, we analyzed the economic viability of pellet boiler. Then we analyzed viability of pallet boiler usage in terms of ‘resource circulation’ and ‘adopting to climate change’. As a result of our analysis, we have found out that under the current system of government support, the energy usage varies depends of the types crops grown and the higher the energy use, the more cost efficient it is to use the pallet boiler. Also, it is economically viable to use the pallet boiler in terms of ‘resource circulation’ and ‘adopting to climate change’.

This case study surveyed management situations of environmentally friendly farming (EFF) and their awareness situations. Farmers are aging as an average age of 62-year old. The EFF did not increase farmer’s income, however, farm income of EFF was more than that of conventional farming. Farm household liabilities showed large deviation among farmers. Livestock and greenhouse farm households have more liabilities because of facilities and feed cost. Farmers of EFF have been also cultivating conventional farming, but they don’t plan much conversion intention of conventional farming into EFF owing to lack of differentiated and stable market for their environment-friendly agriculture products. And they are guessing that EFF income will usually not increase more. For increasing of EFF income, they think that it is necessary to enlarge production area, change to high-income crop, develop processing foods, change to organic farming and so on.

우리나라의 벼 품종은 대부분 벼의 엽색이 녹색인데 반해 최근 벼의 새로운 용도 개발을 위해 다양한 엽색의 품종이 개발되고 있으나 이러한 품종들의 재배적 특성이 기존품종보다 열악하여 새로운 색깔의 벼 품종개발에 대한 유전적 검토가 필요하며 우량한 형질이 집적된 벼 품종을 육성하기 위해서는 꾸준한 노력이 필요하다. 벼 품종의 다양화와 기능성 벼 품종을 육성하기 위해 벼 엽색 형질을 품종의 특성으로 고정하고 계통육성을 통하여 중간보본 등을 양성하고 육성 중이다. 본 연구는 2011년 이후 우리나라에서 육성된 품종들과 백색엽 품종의 교배를 통하여 엽색의 유전분석을 실시한 결과이다. 유전분석결과 백색엽인 “F1 126” 유전자원을 우리나라에서 육성된 자포니카형 녹색엽 품종인 호품, 화영, 진백, 드래찬의 4품종과 2009년 인공교배 후 2010년 F1을 양성하고 2011년에 국립식량과학원 영덕출장소에 F1, F2집단 4조합을 재식거리 30×15cm로 1본식 5월 23일 본답 이앙 후 조사 하였다. 기타 재배법은 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 표준재배법에 준하였다. F1에서는 4조합 모두 녹색으로 나타났으며 F2 집단의 유전분리비는 3:1로 (녹색:백색) 분리비에 적합하여 유전자원 “F1 126”의 백색은 국내 품종과 교배되었을 때 단순열성의 유전양상으로 나타났다.

대부분의 연속된 k-개의 이웃 찾기 알고리즘은 차량, 핸드폰 등 이동하는 객체에 대하여 주기적으로 모니터링을 하는 위치 기반 서비스에서 연구되어 왔다. 이러한 연구들은 쿼리 포인트가 이동 객체에 비하여 매우 적을 뿐만 아니라 쿼리 포인트가 움직이지 않고 고정된 환경을 가정한다. 게임 환경에서 k-개의 이웃을 찾아야 하는 경우는 무리 짓기, 군중 시뮬레이션 및 로봇과 같이 이동 객체가 주변의 이웃 객체를 인식하여 다음 이동을 계산하여야 할 때이다. 따라서 모든 이동 객체가 쿼리 포인트가 되고, 그 결과 이동 객체와 쿼리 포인트의 수가 동일하며, 쿼리 포인트도 움직이게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 게임 환경에서 기존의 위치기반 서비스에서 연구된 k-개의 이웃 찾기 알고리즘들을 적용하여 어떤 알고리즘이 어떤 조건에서 적합한지에 대한 성능을 분석한다.

Recent spread of awareness of residential environment and individual rights makes more environmental disputes than ever. More blasting is needed when construction projects like road, tunnel, railways and industrial area constructions. Noises and vibrations by blasting, therefore, cause many environmental disputes. In this study, we will suggest solution of environmental disputes deduction by case analysing.

In this paper, an environmental assessment was carried out on the whole process of industrial business activities to establish a basic plan for climate change mitigation and energy independency. The whole process was divided into each discharge process in terms of water, air, solid waste, green house gases and refractory organic compounds. The flowcharts and basic unit of process were analysed for three years (2008-2010), being utilized as basic information for the life cycle assessment. It was found that the unit loading for the whole process significantly depends on changes in the operation rate change and highly concentrated wastewater inflow. About 35% of solid waste production was reduced by improving the incineration method with co-combustion in coal boiler, generating about 57% of electricity used for the whole process, and consequently reducing the energy costs. As the eco-efficiency index was found to be more than 1, compared to the previous years, it can be said that improvement in general has taken place.

The rapid rural urban migration and aging has generated an over-depopulation problems in rural areas since the 1980s. The purpose of this study constructs the marginal size of rural over-depopulated village through the analysis of the residential disparities such as farmer's ratio, basic life service accessibility, and levels of social and economic factors for each village community. This marginal scale could support evaluating diverse rural policies, which have been planned to apply to the rural development programs at the village level. The major challenges for over-depopulated villages are the lack of basic facilities, production infrastructures and inactive communities in the village. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of rural residential disparities according to rural village scale can provide the criteria for rural over-depopulated villages. We utilized Korea Agricultural Survey Data(2010) including specific residential condition of village level. The present study adopt multinomial-logit model for quantitative analysis of different village scales and decomposition techniques to separate the direct effect by the village scale factor from the endowment effects by regional or area characteristics, and residual effect by unknown factors. The present study found that the minimum scale of a rural over-depopulated village was 40 and 60 houses for the respective conditions of farmer's ratios less than 50% and greater than 75%. It was concluded based on the study findings that threshold scale could support evaluating the diverse rural policies, which have been planned to apply to the rural development programs at the village level.

The Purpose of this paper is to analysis on farmer’s awareness and satisfaction level of the project for developing large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts (LSEAD). To analysis farmer’s awareness and satisfaction level, a series of farm household surveys were conducted on farmers, take part in the project for developing LSEAD. The sample size of the survey is 80 respectively. As a survey result, awareness and practical use of facilities & equipment shows a little different outcome. Satisfaction level of the project for developing LSEAD is summarized as follows. Influence on disposal of livestock excretions and farmer’s consciousness change appears 4.47 and spreading environment-friendly agriculture 4.44, distribution of environment-friendly agricultural product 4.33, and demand of environment-friendly agricultural materials 4.04. In order to sustainable development of LSEAD, a governance system should be established.

As a result of analysis on situations of environment-friendly school meals, it was obtained that student"s parents were interested in food safety and the importance of sanitary supervision. Many parents responded that environment-friendly school meals increased the health and eating habits of their children. The higher and higher educated parents responded that environment-friendly school meals effected on the children’s health positively. Also, the higher educated parents responded that environment-friendly school meals effected on the children’s eating habits positively. After the environment-friendly school meals, the item increase to purchase was vegetables by 25% of the consumers who purchase environment-friendly agri-products. The second and third increasing items were respectively fruits and rice. When environment-friendly agri-products were consumpted and influenced positively through school meals, the consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products will be increased. The expansion of environment-friendly school lunch program cannot bring the consumption expansion of environment-friendly agri-products immediately. However, when the persistent promotion and student"s parents confidence on environment-friendly agri-products were accumulated and experienced positive effects through school meals, it will give a positive effect on the consumption of environment-friendly agr-products.

친환경 식품이 소비자의 마음을 사로잡으면서 농업의 목표가 생산성 유지 및 향상과 환경의 질을 보존하는 새로운 패러다임으로 변화하고 있다. 따라서 환경친화적 농업(environmentally sound agriculture)이 강조되면서 친환경쌀 생산단지에서 공동으로 이용하고 있는 포트육묘 재배가 농가관행 산파육묘 재배에 비해 얼마나 효율적인지 경제성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 포트육묘 이앙은 관행이앙 방법에 비해 이앙모판, 파종 및 이앙기 등의 가격이 245% 높았다. 따라서 감가상각비 역시 관행농법에 비해 포트육묘 이앙에서 1.9배 높았다. 2. 10a 당 투입된 노동시간, 노동력 및 비용은 포트육묘 이앙재배에서 각각 13%, 4% 높았다. 그러나 이앙 및 재배에 투입되는 농자재는 종자 및 상토비를 각각 44.0%와 49.2% 절감할 수 있기 때문에 관행농법 대비 4.4% 낮았다. 3. 또한, 포트육묘 이앙재배는 관행 산파육묘 이앙재배에 비해 수량증수에 의한 조수입의 증가(6.7%)와 이앙 후 초기 활착이 빠르고, 성묘이앙으로 초기생육이 양호하여 잡초방제에 유리한 점은 친환경 벼 재배에 적합한 요인으로 작용하였다. 4. 10a 당 육묘와 이앙단계에서의 경영비는 포트육묘 이앙재배에서 229.8% 높았으나 정부에서 80% 기기보조가 된 경우 관행 산파육묘 이앙재배 대비 경영비가 45.4% 절감되었다.

The Purpose of this paper is to establish development strategies for sustainability of environment-Friendly agriculture based on farm awareness analysis. To analysis farm management, a series of farm household surveys were conducted on farmers residing in Embong-Myun. The sample size of the survey is 108 respectively. As a survey result, satisfaction level about market stability and understanding of upper organization is high, on the contrary, awareness of related organization is low in a relative sense. Most of farmers reveal their intention to sustain environment- Friendly agriculture but future agriculturalist and an ageing society that one face as well. In order to establish development strategies for sustainability of environment- Friendly agriculture, an infrastructure should be consistently expanded. On the other hand, self-supporting ability of farmer’s organization and education system attempt to expand for sustainability.

This research was conducted to analysis the Elementary School Teachers’needs necessary for developing the eco-friendly school farm program. To perform these research problems, 167 people from five Elementary School group (A, B, C, D and E). Of respondents of the survey, 160 questionnaires were significant. The frequency analysis was used with SPSS 17.0 statistics program. Teacher of the needs analysis results are as follows: Teachers want to help school farm program by gardening expert, experienced volunteer. Costs of instructor and material must be supported by the government, local government. Teachers are demanding an integrated program for horticulture. The teachers would have preferred an easy plant to grow and appear in textbooks. Therefore teachers’ needs to be a convertgence in the eco-friendly school farm program manual.

위성항법시스템의 기술발전이 지속적으로 진행되고 있지만 여전히 신호차폐가 빈번히 발생하는 지역에서는 측위정확도 확보에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이 연구에서는 통합 GPS/GLONASS 이중차분 상대측위 알고리즘을 구현하고 신호차폐 환경의 시뮬레이션을 수행해 그 성능을 검증하였다. 동쪽, 서쪽, 남쪽 방향으로 고층건물에 의해 신호차폐가 발생하는 환경을 시뮬레이션 하고 시뮬레이션 상황에 따른 GPS와 GPS/GLONASS의 정확도 평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 신호차폐 시뮬레이션 환경에서는 GPS/GLONASS가 GPS에 비해 최소 0.3m에서 최대 13m이상의 수평정확도가 향상되었다.