PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of reducing nitrogen oxide concentration in a photocatalyst (titanium dioxide) using statistical methods such as the Anderson-Darling test. METHODS : To compare and analyze the effect of reducing the nitrogen oxide concentrations in titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide was applied to the public road, and data acquisition in terms of nitrogen oxide concentration was conducted from roads with/without applying titanium dioxide (test section and reference section, respectively). Then, the probabilities of occurrence of nitrogen oxide concentrations in the test and reference sections were estimated and compared using the Anderson-Darling test. RESULTS : According to the comparison and analysis of probabilities in the nitrogen oxide concentration of the test and reference sections, the probabilities of nitrogen oxide concentration on December 4th were estimated as ‘High’ (17.5%, 37.9%), ‘Moderate’ (30.5%, 40.8%), and ‘Low’ (52.0%, 21.3%), respectively, and on December 5th, as ‘High’ (20.6%, 39.1%), ‘Moderate’ (26.2%, 33.0%), and ‘Low’ (53.2%, 27.9%), respectively. In addition, the probabilities of nitrogen oxide concentration in the test and reference sections were analyzed on December 6th as ‘High’ (16.5%, 36.8%), ‘Moderate’ (27.9%, 38.5%), and ‘Low’ (55.6%, 24.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the results of this study, in the test section with application of titanium dioxide, the nitrogen oxide concentration was found to have a low probability, and in the reference section, the nitrogen oxide concentration was found to be higher than that in the test section. Therefore, it can be concluded that titanium dioxide applied to road facilities has a nitrogen oxide reduction effect.

In this study, a manganese catalyst on the surface of a ceramic support was developed for the removal of odor emitted from barbecuing restaurants. Its ozone oxidation at room temperature was tested using acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), the most dominant compound in the barbecuing odor, and the ozonation efficiency under wet conditions was also studied. The manganese catalyst was made with the honeycomb-type ceramic support, and an acid pretreatment was applied to increase its specific surface area, resulting in an increase of the degree of dispersion of manganese oxide. The acetaldehyde removal efficiency using the manganese catalyst on the acidpretreated support (Mn/APS) increased by 49%, and the ozone decomposition rate and the CO2 conversion rate also increased by 41% and 27%, respectively. The catalyst without surface pretreatment (Mn/S) showed a low efficiency for the acetaldehyde ozonation, and other organic compounds such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) and nonanal (CH3(CH3)7CHO) were found as oxidation by-products. In comparison, CO2 was the most dominant product by the ozonation of acetaldehyde using the Mn/APS. When the relative humidity was increased to 50% in the influent gas stream, the acetaldehyde removal efficiency using the Mn/APS decreased, but only the production rates of CO2 and acetic acid were changed. As a result, the manganese oxide catalyst on the surface of the acid-pretreated honeycomb support manifested high acetaldehyde ozonation even at humid and room temperature conditions.

In this work, TiO2 3D nanostructures (TF30) were prepared via a facile wet chemical process using ammonium hexafluorotitanate. The synthesized 3D TiO2 nanostructures exhibited well-defined crystalline and hierarchical structures assembled from TiO2 nanorods with different thicknesses and diameters, which comprised numerous small beads. Moreover, the maximum specific surface area of TiO2 3D nanostructures was observed to be 191 m2g-1, with concentration of F ions on the surface being 2 at%. The TiO2 3D nanostructures were tested as photocatalysts under UV irradiation using Rhodamine B solution in order to determine their photocatalytic performance. The TiO2 3D nanostructures showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of the other TiO2 samples, which was likely associated with the combined effects of a high crystallinity, unique features of the hierarchical structure, a high specific surface area, and the advantage of adsorbing F ions.

RHDS 촉매는 코크와 황 화합물 그리고 금속인 바나듐이 표면에 침적되어 비활성화가 된다. 이러한 오염물을 제거하기 위해서 먼저 폐 RHDS 촉매에 묻어있는 중질유분의 세정, 코크와 황 화합물을 고온 배소 처리한 후, 과량으로 침적되어 있는 바나듐의 침출량을 조절하기 위하여 0.5, 1 wt% 옥살산 수용액을 이용하여 초음파 교반기에서 50 ℃, 10 sec 동안 교반하여 NOx 저감을 위한 SCR 촉매로의 적용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 재생처리 한 RHDS 촉매의 성분은 XRF 를 사용하여 분석하였고, 상압 고정층 연속 흐름 반응기 상에서 NOx 저감 성능을 측정하였다. 옥살산 수용액 0.5 wt%, 10 sec 동안 초음파 침출한 촉매가 가장 안 정적인 NOx 저감 성능을 보였으며, 375 ℃ 이상의 고온에서는 상용 촉매와 동등 수준의 NOx 저감 성능을 확인할 수 있었으나 저온영역 200 ℃에서 250 ℃까지는 상용 촉매보다 낮은 NOx 저감 성능을 보였다. 따라서 폐 RHDS 촉매를 재생처리 한 후 분말로 메탈 코로게이트 지지체에 워시코팅한 촉매는 상용 SCR 촉매로서 이용 가능함을 확인하였다.

(아이오도메틸)트리메틸실란을 이용한 2-에티닐피리딘의 무촉매 중합을 통하여 N-(트리메틸실릴메틸) 피리디늄 아이오다이드를 측쇄로 갖는 새로운 공액구조 고분자를 합성하였다. 이 중합반응은 불균일하게 진행되었으며 중합수율은 95%로 매우 높았지만 생성된 고분자는 중합중 가교화반응으로 대부분의 유기용매에 용해하지 않았다. 합성 고분자의 분자구조를 분석한 결과 이온성 피리딜 치환기를 갖는 해당 고분자가 합성 되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 합성 고분자의 열적 특성과 몰폴로지 등을 TGA, EDX 등의 분석장비로 측정하고 분석하였다.

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is considered a potentially attractive candidate for the visible-light-driven photodegradation of organic pollutants. In an effort to enhance their photocatalytic activities, BiVO4 nanofibers with controlled microstructures, grain sizes, and crystallinities are successfully prepared by electrospinning followed by a precisely controlled heat treatment. The structural features, morphologies, and photo-absorption performances of the asprepared samples are systematically investigated and can be readily controlled by varying the calcination temperature. From the physicochemical analysis results of the synthesized nanofiber, it is found that the nanofiber calcines at a lower temperature, shows a smaller crystallite size, and lower crystallinity. The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine-B (RhB) reveals that the photocatalytic activity of the BiVO4 nanofibers can be improved by a thermal treatment at a relatively low temperature because of the optimization of the conflicting characteristics, crystallinity, crystallite size, and microstructure. The photocatalytic activity of the nanofiber calcined at 350oC for the degradation of RhB under visible-light irradiation exhibits a greater photocatalytic activity than the nanofibers synthesized at 400oC and 450oC.

Odor emitted from the degradation process of food waste is a common cause of public complaints, and appropriate odor treatment methods need to be implemented. In this study, a hybrid plasma catalyst system was applied to treat individual odorous compounds including acetaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide, which are known to be major odor compounds produced from food waste. MnOx catalysts were prepared by varying Mn/support loading ratios, and surface analyses showed that the Mn_5% catalyst achieved the highest performance because dominant manganese oxide species on the surface of the catalyst was found to be Mn2O3, Using the catalyst, the removal rate of hydrogen sulfide steadily increased as the space velocity in the MnOx catalyst reactor decreased. Meanwhile, the removal rate of acetaldehyde did not increase significantly when decreasing the space velocity more than 24,000 hr-1. Following the catalyst experiments using the individual odorous compounds, the hybrid system was applied for testing odor treatment of actual food waste. The actual food waste study showed that both hydrogen sulfide and acetaldehyde were steadily removed; hydrogen sulfide was removed almost completely during the initial 30-minute period, while the acetaldehyde removal was started after the decrease of hydrogen sulfide. In addition, it was confirmed that the dilution-to-threshold for odor reduced from 2,080 D/T to 300 D/T during the initial period. In conclusion, the plasma and Mn2O3 catalyst system can be applied in food waste collection containers to effectively control odor problems.

A facile one-pot wet chemical process to prepare pure anatase TiO2 hollow structures using ammonium hexafluorotitanate as a precursor is developed. By defining the formic acid ratio, we fabricate TiO2 hollow structures containing fluorine on the surface. The TiO2 hollow sphere is composed of an anatase phase containing fluorine by various analytical techniques. A possible formation mechanism for the obtained hollow samples by self-transformation and Ostwald ripening is proposed. The TiO2 hollow structures containing fluorine exhibits 1.2 - 2.7 times higher performance than their counterparts in photocatalytic activity. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 hollow structures is attributed to the combined effects of high crystallinity, specific surface area (62 m2g-1), and the advantage of surface fluorine ions (at 8%) having strong electron-withdrawing ability of the surface ≡ Ti-F groups reduces the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes.

This study investigated the degradation characteristics and biodegradability of phenol, refractory organic matters, by injecting MgO and CaO-known to be catalyst materials for the ozonation process-into a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma. MgO and CaO were injected at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2 g/L, and the pH was not adjusted separately to examine the optimal injection amounts of MgO and CaO. When MgO and CaO were injected, the phenol decomposition rate was increased, and the reaction time was found to decrease by 2.1 to 2.6 times. In addition, during CaO injection, intermediate products combined with Ca2+ to cause precipitation, which increased the COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate by approximately 2.4 times. The biodegradability of plasma treated water increased with increase in the phenol decomposition rate and increased as the amount of the generated intermediate products increased. The biodegradability was the highest in the plasma reaction with MgO injection as compared to when the DBD plasma pH was adjusted. Thus, it was found that a DBD plasma can degrade non-biodegradable phenols and increase biodegradability.

It is necessary to fabricate uniformly dispersed nanoscale catalyst materials with high activity and long-term stability for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells with excellent electrochemical characteristics of the oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction. Platinum is known as the best noble metal catalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells because of its excellent catalytic activity. However, given that Pt is expensive, considerable efforts have been made to reduce the amount of Pt loading for both anode and cathode catalysts. Meanwhile, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method shows excellent uniformity and precise particle size controllability over the three-dimensional structure. The research progress on noble metal ALD, such as Pt, Ru, Pd, and various metal alloys, is presented in this review. ALD technology enables the development of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells with excellent reactivity and durability.

To improve photocatalytic performance, CdS nanoparticle deposited TiO2 nanotubular photocatalysts are synthesized. The TiO2 nanotube is fabricated by electrochemical anodization at a constant voltage of 60 V, and annealed at 500 for crystallization. The CdS nanoparticles on TiO2 nanotubes are synthesized by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. The surface characteristics and photocurrent responses of TNT/CdS photocatalysts are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectrometer and LED light source installed potentiostat. The bandgaps of the CdS deposited TiO2 photocatalysts are gradually narrowed with increasing of amounts of deposited CdS nanoparticles, which enhances visible light absorption ability of composite photocatalysts. Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance is observed in the nanocomposite TiO2 photocatalyst. However, the maximum photocurrent response and dye degradation efficiency are observed for TNT/CdS30 photocatalyst. The excellent photocatalytic performance of TNT/CdS30 catalyst can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of its better absorption ability of visible light region and efficient charge transport process.

광촉매는 물에서 유기 염료를 분해하는 친환경적 기술이다. 산화 텅스텐은 이산화 티타늄에 비해 더 작은 밴드갭을 지니고 있어 광촉매 나노물질로서 활발히 연구되고 있다. 계층적 구조의 합성, 백금 도핑, 나노 복합물 또는 다른 반도체 와의 결합 등이 광촉매 분해 효율을 향상시키는 방법들로 연구되고 있다. 이들 방법들은 광 파장의 적색편이를 유도하여 전자 이동, 전자-정공 쌍의 형성과 재결합에 영향을 미친다. 산화 텅스텐의 형태 개질을 통해 앞서 언급한 광촉매 분해 효율을 향상시키는 방법들과 합성에 대해 분석하였으며 금속 산화물과 탄소 복합재를 결합하는 방법이 새로운 물질의 합성이 필요 없으며 가장 효율적인 방법으로 조사되었다. 이러한 광촉매 기술은 수처리 분리막기술과 모듈화하여 정수처리 목적으로 사용 될 수 있다.