The purpose of this paper is to understand the key factors for efficient maintenance of rapidly aging facilities. Therefore, the safety inspection/diagnosis reports accumulated in the unstructured data were collected and preprocessed. Then, the analysis was performed using a text mining analysis method. The derived vulnerabilities of tunnel facilities can be used as elements of inspections that take into account the characteristics of individual facilities during regular inspections and daily inspections in the short term. In addition, if detailed specification information and other inspection results(safety, durability, and ease of use) are used for analysis, it provides a stepping stone for supporting preemptive maintenance decision-making in the long term.

The prospect of the highway traffic road construction has led to resistance from residents, partly based on noise and vibration issues. Particularly, as tracks often pass closely to residential dwellings, constructors are then required to take account of noise and vibration. So the prediction of noise and vibration for highway traffic is very important thing. The highway traffic noise and vibration make one specific issue. For the highway traffic road, this paper concerns the noise by the wheel/tire and the structure-borne noise by the road. Based on the results, this paper proposes the source model of highway traffic noise and the calculation model for highway traffic noise. Also prediction model is presented with traffic noise which are calculated by considering the power level of a source for one-third octave band, ground absorption and barrier deflection. A lot of empirical data is needed to predict the noise and vibration. And one of the best ways to control the wayside noise is to analyze the noise level.

피암터널은 낙석방지시설 중 하나로 비교적 큰 낙석이 발생할 수 있는 급경사지 도로위에 건설된다. 일반적으로 피암터널은 약 200kJ에서 3,000kJ 까지의 낙석에너지에 저항할 수 있도록 설계된다. 기존 연구에서 이러한 피암터널의 효율성을 증대하기 위하여 콘크리트 충전강관(CFT, Concrete-Filled Tube)를 주구조체로 사용하는 신형식 피암터널을 제시하였다. CFT를 주구조체로 활용함으로서 급속시공이 가능하며 높은 하중저항 능력과 연성 또한 확보할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 하지만, 기존 연구에서는 선현 탄성 해석을 통하여 거동을 분석하여 한계를 가지고 있어 보다 실제적인 낙성하중을 고려한 3차원 유한요소해석을 통하여 제안된 피암터널의 거동을 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 제안된 피암터널 주구조체에 대한 실제 낙석하중을 포함한 3차원 유한요소해석을 개발하였다. 이후 최대 낙석에너지에 대한 제안된 피암터널 주구조체의 낙석 저항능력에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다.

This paper analyzed a survey of 388 general target samples to analyze the correlation between disaster safety costs and human risk factor analysis and evacuation behavior due to tunnel accidents. Considering the impact of the tunnel accident on disaster safety costs and the correlation between human evacuation and risk factors in the tunnel environment, the system should be reorganized to reflect the tunnel’s basic plan, tunnel cross-section, tunnel installation.

PURPOSES : In this study, the luminance of night road markings was measured in a tunnel of length 200 m or less. The purpose of the project is to evaluate the consistency of night road markings. METHODS : In this study, field measurements were conducted to achieve the purpose of this study. Five tunnels with lengths of less than 200 m were selected to measure the luminance value of the road markings. The analysis of the difference in road markings between the inside and outside points of the tunnel and the analysis of alternative tunnels and points were used to assess the consistency of road markings in tunnels. RESULTS : The average luminance of the tunnel’s night road markings was 9.7, and the standard deviation was 3.0. The analysis of variance for the tunnel and point indicated that the p-value was less than 0.05 and was inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS : In conclusion, consistency was assessed by measuring the luminance value of the short tunnel of length 200 m in the Cheongju Sangju Expressway, and it was confirmed that the luminance of the road markings was not consistent with the tunnel and point. Finally, it is necessary to control night lightings on roads outside the tunnel or adjust lighting facilities in the tunnel to enhance the consistency of luminance.

철도소음은 도시지역의 철도건설과 유지에 가장 큰 장애 요소 중 하나이므로 보다 효과적으로 철도소음을 저감하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 방음터널은 철도소음을 저감할 수 있는 가장 효과적인 방법 중 하나이나, 하절기 높은 내부 온도 증가로 인하여 궤도좌굴 또는 전력, 신호 등 선로 설비의 안정성을 저하시킬 우려가 있다. 이러한 온도 상승 문제는 통기 형 방음판을 이용하여 해결할 수 있으나, 방음터널 적용 시의 소음저감 성능에 대한 연구는 미흡한 상황이다. 이 논문에서는 수치해석을 통하여 통기형 슬릿방음판의 효과적인 방음터널 적용 방법에 대한 연구 결과를 제시하였다. 수치해석은 음향해석 프로그램인 Pachyderm Acoustics으로 모델링한 복선 방음터널을 이용하여 수행하였다. 철도소음은 기존 연구결과를 이용하여 모사하였으며, 슬릿방음판의 적용 위치가 다른 6가지 경우에 대하여 소음저감 효과 변화를 검토하였다. 음향해석 결과 20% 정도 의 슬릿방음판 적용 시에도 철도소음을 최소 5dB 감소할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Since 1974, the urban subway has been used as a major form of public transportation in Seoul, Korea. The air quality in the subway environment depends on the introduction of air pollutants from roadway air and its generation is caused by subway operation in the tunnel. In the subway tunnel, PM10 concentration was monitored from March 8 to 15, 2018 and from March 26 to 28, 2018, and compared with concentrations that are routinely monitored at the subway concourse and the nearest roadside air quality monitoring station (RAQMS). Overall PM10 concentration at the concourse was similar to that of the RAQMS. However, PM10 concentration in the tunnel was significantly higher than those of the subway concourse and RAQMS, and showed distinct diurnal variation caused by train operation. The dominant peak concentrations were highly correlated with the number of train operations per hour. The minimum PM10 concentration was observed between 2 am to 5 am when the train was not operated. This was similar to that of the RAQMS. Although the diurnal variation of the PM10 concentration at the concourse is not significant, the overall trend is similar to that in the tunnel.

The source of wayside noise for the train are the aerodynamic noise, wheel/rail noise, and power unit noise. The major source of railway noise is the wheel/rail noise caused by the interaction between the wheels and rails. The Structure borne noise is mainly a low frequency problem. The train noise and vibration nearby the elevated railway make one specific issue. The microphone array method is used to search sound radiation characteristics of elevated structure to predict the noise propagation from an elevated railway. In this paper, the train noise and structure borne noise by train are measured. From the results, we investigated the effect on the sound absorption tunnel for elevated railway.

PURPOSES : This study is a method for developing a 3D stratum modeling that uses Civil3D, CAD, Revit, and Dynamo, the products of Autodesk and ground survey data to prevent reversal and applying BIM design to underground structures. METHODS : If the ground level difference is severe and the survey data is not sufficiently spaced, a reversal phenomenon occurs such that the stratum is generated above the surface ground. In such cases, the first layer of the stratum can be offset from the ground surface and the remaining layers are created and utilized by the stratum thickness. However, the first layer is just offset from the ground surface, which is not an accurate implementation of geological information. To fix this error, we propose a method to calculate the quantity in 3D based on the algorithm that generates the stratum underneath the original ground surface connected with borehole data. RESULTS : The 3D stratum is designed to be implemented within 30 min with minimum memory resource occupancy. The ground surface is generally based on a digital map and can be linked with a drone and 3D scan data afterwards. The stratum model for each layer can be implemented in both a triangulated irregular network (TIN) and solid for quantity and volume calculations. Each layer will be generated in selected colors, and analysis on altitude, gradients, etc. can be performed with it. CONCLUSIONS : Constructing 3D spatial information using 2D information is expected to lay the foundation for providing required services in construction, real estate, architecture, urban planning, and transportation in the future, to users with integration and convergence into various fields such as BIM, smart city, digital twin, and VR-AR.