This study was conducted to review the genus Bucculatrix Zeller, 1839 belonging the family Bucculatricidae. In Korea, only three species have been reported to date (Park, 2013; Lee and Jeun, 2022; 2023). A total nine species were identified in Korea in this study. Among them. two species, Bucculatrix sp. nov.1 and B. sp. nov.2 was described as new to science. Also four species: B. duanwuia Liu, 2020, B. tsurubamella Kobayashi, Hirowatari & Kuroko, 2010, B. demaryella (Duponchel, 1840) and B. comporabile Seksjaeva, 1989 are reported for the first time from Korea. These species were identified by visiting Osaka Metropolitan University and comparing the specimens. Available information, host plants, images of adults and genitalic structures, and DNA barcode for the species are provided.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme that terminates impulse transmission by rapidly hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses. Previous studies have discovered a transiently opening channel referred to as the “back door” in Torpedo californica AChE. Previously, we observed that substituting the Tyr391 residue with a Phe residue significantly decreased the catalytic efficiency of recombinant Apis mellifera AChE1 (AmAChE1), while the reverse substitution restored it. Interestingly, substitution of the Tyr391 residue with a Phe residue in AmAChE1 disrupted the formation of the backdoor, while the reverse substitution restored it. This finding suggests that the Tyr-to-Phe substitution impairs backdoor formation, thereby leading to a significant reduction in the catalytic activity of AmAChE1. This serves as one of the driving forces for the functional transition from AmAChE1 to AmAChE2. In this experiment, we also confirmed the gradual restoration and increase in AChE activity by substituting Phe391 in AmAChE1 with Ser, Trp, Thr, Ile, Asn, and Tyr residues through kinetic assay and molecular dynamics simulation.

Major pests of greenhouse strawberry include Tetranychus kanzawai (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) causing significant damage in both yield and quality. We compared control efficacy of two entomopathogenic fungus strains of Beauveria bassiana, AAD16 and GHA, against T. kanzawai and B. tabaci. Both fungus were applied as a foliar spray targeting the undersides of leaves. In preliminary studies in the laboratory, adult T. kanzawai and B. tabaci showed lower LT50 values when treated with AAD16 strain compared to GHA. In the greenhouse, the densities of the both mites (adult and nymph) and whiteflies (adult) were significantly reduced with the application of the two fungus strains compared to the control. The mycosis rate was 88-94% in T. kanzawai and 48-59% in B. tabaci on collected leaves. These findings suggest that Beauveria bassiana AAD16 can be an effective mycoinsecticide against both T. kanzawai and B. tabaci.

Harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773)) is an invasive species originating from Asia, posing a potential threat to the ecosystem and the wine industry in New Zealand due to wine taint, although it can also be a useful biocontrol agent. In this study, the response profiles of antennal olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) to 32 plant volatiles were examined in male and female H. axyridis, using the single sensillum recording technique. Various types of ORNs were identified from four types of olfactory sensilla in both male and female H. axyridis, with no sexual dimorphism. The most abundant type of sensilla contained two ORNs exhibiting highly specialized responses to methyl benzoate and β-caryophyllene, respectively. Another type of sensilla also contained two specialized ORNs, one responsive to geranyl acetate and the other to some aromatic compounds such as 2-phenylethanol, benzyl acetate, methyl benzoate, and methyl phenylacetate. In contrast, two other types of sensilla contained broadly tuned ORNs, one containing ORN(s) responsive to six-carbon alcohols such as (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, and isomers of 2-hexen-1-ol as well as some other non-alcohol green leaf volatiles, and the other containing ORN(s) exhibiting responses to β-myrcene, geraniol, linalool, nerol, benzyl acetate, and methyl phenylacetate. This study suggests that H. axyridis possesses a set of ORNs specialized for specific plant volatiles, providing insights into the olfactory communication system of this species and potential volatiles to be used for trapping this insect.

Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch; TSSM) is an agriculturally serious pest tat has acquired strong resistance against acaricide. Alternatively, mite-pathogenic fungi could be used to control the mites. The spider mite has symbiotic microorganisms which could be involved in the physiological and ecological adaption to biotic stress. In this study, mite-pathogenic fungi were used to control female adults, and the change of microbiome in the fungus-infected mites was analyzed. The acaricidal activity of fungal isolates was tested, and Akanthomyces attenuatus JEF-147 with the highest acaricidal activity was determined, followed by semi-field assay. Microbiome in the female adults which was infected by A. attenuatus JEF-147 was analyzed, and composition of microorganism was changed by fungal treatment. In bacteria abundance, the arthropod defense-related Rickettsia increased, but reproduction-associated Wolbachia decreased. The change in major bacterial abundance in the infected mites could be explained by the trade-off between reproduction and immunity. This work describes that a possible trade-off in arthropods against fungal pathogens could be predicted by the microbiome analysis.

Over four years (2020–2023), 305 traps were strategically placed across South Korea to collect data on Vespidae species. Our findings showed that Vespula flaviceps, Vespa crabro, and Vespula koreensis were the most frequently encountered species. Vespa velutina was also widespread, suggesting its successful integration into local ecosystems. The ARL analysis, using the “apriori” algorithm, identified significant co-occurrence patterns and potential interactions. The rules generated indicated both competitive and coexistent relationships with varying levels of association strength across different regions. Clustering analyses, including hierarchical and k-means clustering, grouped species based on their occurrence similarities. The distinct clusters formed in the analysis highlighted the unique ecological roles and interactions of V. velutina and other Vespidae species in South Korean ecosystems.

Prestressed Concrete Containment Vessels(PCCV)는 중대사고 발생 시 방사능 누출을 막기 위한 최 후의 방벽이며 체르노빌 및 스리마일 섬 원전 사고 이후 PCCV의 내압성능에 대한 관심이 높아졌다. PCCV는 장비반입 및 작업자 출입 등을 위한 다양한 관통부가 존재한다. 이러한 관통부로 인해 PCCV는 비축대칭적인 변형을 보이며 관통부는 취약부위로 고려된다. 하지만 관통부의 거동은 전체모 델에서 정확히 모사할 수 없다. 따라서 PCCV의 내압성능 평가를 위한 규제지침인 Reguratory Guide(RG) 1.216은 관통부에 대한 내압성능 평가를 위해 상세국부모델을 작성하여 평가하도록 권고하고 있다. 하 지만 대부분의 국부모델을 이용한 PCCV의 내압성능 평가와 관련된 선행연구는 전체모델을 이용하여 관통부의 응답을 관측하고 보정인자를 사용하여 수행되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 내압을 받는 1:4 scale PCCV의 관통부에 대한 거동 분석과 내압성능 평가를 위해 관통부의 상세 국부 유한요소 모델을 구축 하였다. 미국의 Sandia National Laboratory의 실험적 연구 결과와 비교하여 구축된 모델을 검증하였 으며 관통부의 내압거동을 분석하였다.

Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.60 presents the response spectra for the seismic design, especially for the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE), of nuclear power plants. This guide is applicable to a two-step process involving the issuance of construction permits and operating licenses (10 CFR Part 50) as well as the issuance of combined construction and operating licenses (COLs), early site permits (ESPs), and standard plant design certifications (10 CFR Part 52) [1]. New reactor designs, however, require modified design response spectra (MDRS) by broadening the high-frequency range from design response spectra (DRS) in RG 1.60. In order to generate artificial time histories to meet the acceptable criteria described in NUREG-0800 [2], it9s necessary to develop the power spectral density of the MDRS. In this paper, we generate the artificial earthquake time histories of the MDRS for further research.

격납건물은 원자력 발전소의 중대 사고 발생시 방사성 물질의 외부 방출을 막는 심층 방어 체계 중 마지막 방벽이다. 중대사고 발생시 격납건물 내부에선 노심 융해와 수소 발생으로 인한 내압 상승과 증기 폭발로 인한 구조적 손상이 일어나며, 이에 대한 구조적 건전성을 평가하기 위해 격납건물에 대 한 극한 내압 성능 평가를 실시한다. 극한 내압 성능 평가 방법 중 확률론적 평가시 현실적인 제약으 로 인해 고신뢰도 유한요소해석 모델을 이용하며 이때에 불확실성 인자들의 확률 분포 특성을 고려한 데이터 셋을 샘플링 기법을 이용하여 구성한 후 비선형 해석을 실시한다. 도출된 비선형 해석 결과는 취약도 곡선을 도출에 사용되며, 취약도 곡선을 이용하여 확률론적인 평가가 실시된다. 샘플링 기법에 따라 적절한 표본 크기가 아닌 데이터셋을 구성하게 되면 통계적 불확실성으로 인한 취약성 분석의 오차가 증대된다. 하지만 유한요소해석시 발생하는 막대한 계산 비용으로 인하여 기존의 방식은 적절 한 샘플링 크기 선정 및 부적절한 샘플링 크기 선정으로 인한 확률론적인 성능평가에 대한 영향에 대 한 정량화 및 평가를 제한적으로 수행하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 격납건물의 재료적 특성 및 내압 으로 인한 변위 데이터를 기반으로 생성한 인공신경망 모델을 통해 유한요소 해석에 대한 대리모델을 생성한다. 이후 생성한 대리모델을 기반으로 일반적인 불확실성 분포 샘플링에 사용되는 Monte Carlo method, latin hypercube sampling, Sobol sequence을 이용하여 표본 크기에 따른 격납건물 확률론적 인 극한내압성능 평가에 대한 영향을 정량화 및 평가를 실시하겠다. 이를 통해 제한적으로 탐색되었던 불확실성 공간에 대하여, 그 통계적 불확실성 및 전방위적인 탐색이 가능해 질것으로 기대한다.

본 논문은 분점정부 하에서 국회 효율성을 ‘공공선택론(Public Choice)’ 의 관점에서 분석하였다. 기계·경제적, 사회·정치적 등 다양하게 측정되 는 효율성의 개념을 살펴보고, 국회 효율성을 국회 위원회 제도, 대통령 거부권, 국회의원의 활동 및 국회 의안 처리를 기준으로 분석하였다. 구 체적으로 뷰캐넌과 톨록의 집단의사결정에 관한 이론을 근거로 국회의 위원회 중심주의 운영제도가 어떻게 효율성을 제공하는지를 분석하였다. 또한 거대 양당의 대결 구도가 더 심각해지는 분점정부(여소야대) 구조가 국회 효율성에 미치는 영향을 대통령 거부권 제도와 연계하여 분석하였 다. 본 연구는 제21대 국회 상반기는 단점정부로, 하반기는 분점정부 구 조라는 데 주목하면서, 대통령 거부권 행사, 국회의원의 활동, 국회의 의 안 처리 등을 각각 비교·분석하였다. 제21대 국회의 효율성은 단점 정부 인 상반기가 하반기보다 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 분점정부에서 나타 날 수도 있는 국회 효율성이 상쇄된 것은 여야의 양당 정쟁 구조가 대통 령과 국회의 극단적인 대결 구도로 굳어지고 있다는 것을 시사한다.

본고는 차이니즈 디아스포라를 다룬 할리우드 영화인 ｢조이 럭 클럽｣(1993)과 ｢크 레이지 리치 아시안｣(2018)을 연구대상으로 삼아 두 영화가 동양을 각각 재현하는 방식과 그것이 의미하는 바를 밝히는 것에 목적을 두고 있다. ｢조이 럭 클럽｣속에 드러난 세대갈등과 정체성 갈등은 문명-미개화, 부유-빈곤이라는 이분법적 대립구조 에 입각해 묘사되고 있고 그 속에서 이민 2세대가 미국 사회에 적응하려는 욕망을 포착할 수 있다. ｢크레이지 리치 아시안｣은 그러한 이분법의 틀을 넘어 ‘리치’와 ‘크 레이지’로 동양의 성격을 표현하고 오리엔탈리즘의 새로운 얼굴을 보여준 영화로, 중 국계 싱가포르인을 차이니즈로 혼용하면서 다른 한편으로 정체성의 갈등에서 벗어나 확고한 미국적 정체성을 가진 차이니즈 디아스포라를 보여준다. 두 편의 영화가 동 양을 재현하는 상이한 방식은 일종의 오리엔탈리즘의 서로 다른 변주이며, 차이니즈 디아스포라가 미국 사회에 동화되는 과정에서 일어나는 변화와 관련된 것이다.

고쟁은 중국 고전 미학의 심오한 의미를 담고 있으며, 가야 금은 한민족의 섬세한 음악적 자질을 보여준다. 본 연구는 21 현 고쟁과 25현 가야금을 연구 대상으로 삼아 두 악기의 역사 적 발전 문헌을 연구하고 조율 및 악기 구조에 대한 정보를 분 석하며 두 악기의 유사점과 차이점을 설명한다. 고쟁과 가야금 의 연주법을 연구하여 각 악기의 연주 특성을 찾고, 두 악기에 공통적으로 나타나는 유사한 연주 기법 3가지를 연구함으로써 고쟁과 가야금에 대한 이해를 깊게 하고 상호 학습을 촉진하고 자한다.

The odors emitted from wastewater treatment plants are not only a health and hygiene problem, but can also lead to complaints from residents and have wider social ramifications such as bringing about falling property values in the surrounding area. In this paper, based on the data measured at domestic and overseas wastewater treatment facilities, the concentrations of complex odors and odorous compounds were compared for each treatment/process: primary treatment, secondary treatment, and sludge treatment processes. Odor compounds that contribute greatly to complex odors were summarized for each process. In addition, the characteristics of odor wheels for each wastewater treatment process, which provide both chemical and olfactory information regarding odors, were reviewed. For domestic wastewater treatment facilities, the complex odor concentrations (unit, dilution factor) of the primary and secondary treatment processes were 4.5-100,000 (median, 32.1) and 2.5-30,000 (median, 10.7), respectively. However, the complex odor concentrations in the sludge treatment process were 3.0-100,000 (median, 118.7), which was more than three times higher than that in the wastewater treatment process. In the wastewater treatment process, those odor compounds making the greatest contributions to complex odors were sulfur-containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide DMS. In order to properly manage odors from wastewater treatment plants and minimize their impact, it is important to understand the status of odor emissions. Therefore, the compositions and concentrations of odors from wastewater treatment processes and odor wheel information, which are reviewed in this paper, are used to evaluate the potential risk of odor from wastewater treatment facilities in order to derive strategies to minimize odor emissions. Moreover, the information can be usefully used to introduce the best available technology to reduce odors emitted from wastewater treatment facilities.

Bolivian tuber species like potato (Solanum tuberosum), native potato (Solanum sp), Oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina), Olluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas), and Isaño (Tropaeolum turosum Ruíz & Pav.) hold extraordinary nutritional value and cultural significance, particularly within the Andean region. This study examined the mineral composition of Bolivian tuber species as an essential step toward understanding their nutritional significance and potential contributions to addressing dietary deficiencies. The research involved detailed analysis of diverse tuber cultivars, uncovering distinct mineral profiles across species. Native potato shows high levels of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) levels, alongside moderate micronutrients like iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Commercial potatoes exhibited prominence in N, P, and K, with moderate Fe, Zn, and manganese (Mn) levels. Oca, Isaño, and Papa Lisa displayed unique mineral concentrations, offering potential nutritional benefits. Intricate correlations and significant variances among elements highlighted the diverse mineral compositions among these tuber species. Multivariate analyses emphasized distinct mineral profiles unique to each species, revealing significant compositions of isaño and papa lisa's. The Multitrait Genotype- Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) identified isaño jaspeado, isaño and an unnamed native potato, AXT2, as promising ideotypes due to their exceptional mineral compositions. These findings provide comprehensive insights into Bolivian tuber species' various mineral compositions, underscoring their nutritional significance and potential in targeted breeding for improved dietary support and enhanced food security.

This study explores the impact of technostress on the intention to use telemedicine applications (apps) in the post-COVID19 era, a period marked by the rapid popularization of such apps to mitigate COVID19 infection risks. Utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study identifies variables and proposes a research model. A questionnaire survey involving 364 adults is analyzed through Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling. Results indicate positive significance for variables linked to the TAM (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, and intention to use). Notably, techno-complexity negatively affects perceived ease of use, while techno-unreliability negatively impacts perceived usefulness and ease of use. Surprisingly, techno-uncertainty has a positive effect on both perceived usefulness and ease of use. Techno-overload, although negatively impacting perceived usefulness and ease of use, does not reach statistical significance. The study underscores the need to consider both positive and negative aspects, including technostress, when evaluating telemedicine app usage. Additionally, recognizing the varying impact of technostress based on users' ICT(Information and Communication Technology) confidence levels is crucial. Overall, these findings contribute academically to telemedicine app adoption literature and hold industrial significance by providing a user perspective on these apps.

This study addresses the environmental impact associated with waste management and natural aggregate production. It explores the potential of utilizing Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate (RAPA) as complete replacements, respectively, for fine and coarse aggregates in concrete. Despite their similarities to natural aggregates, CBA and RAPA often end up in landfills. Laboratory tests were conducted, revealing satisfactory performance in drying shrinkage and air void parameters. However, while the flexural strength met design requirements, the compressive and splitting tensile strengths were lower than predicted. The deviation in strength development behavior from natural aggregate concrete (NAC) was attributed to weak agglomerated aggregates in RAPA and the large size of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) due to the old asphalt coating surrounding RAPA. To enhance the strength behavior, two methods were employed: compaction in the form of roller-compacted concrete and RAPA abrasion carried out by rolling RAPA in a concrete mixer. Compaction improved aggregate interlock, while RAPA abrasion decreased agglomerated aggregates and minimized asphalt coating, reducing ITZ size. These treatments resulted in improvements in compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths, with the combination of both treatments having the most significant effect. Analysis of relationships between flexural, splitting tensile, and compressive strengths indicated that CBA and RAPA concrete behaved more similarly to NAC after the treatments. This research suggests that with appropriate interventions, it is feasible to utilize CBA and RAPA in concrete, contributing to sustainable construction through improved waste management, carbon footprint reduction, and conservation of natural resources.

Composite-based piezoelectric devices are extensively studied to develop sustainable power supply and selfpowered devices owing to their excellent mechanical durability and output performance. In this study, we design a leadfree piezoelectric nanocomposite utilizing (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 (BCTZ) nanomaterials for realizing highly flexible energy harvesters. To improve the output performance of the devices, we incorporate porous BCTZ nanowires (NWs) into the nanoparticle (NP)-based piezoelectric nanocomposite. BCTZ NPs and NWs are synthesized through the solidstate reaction and sol-gel-based electrospinning, respectively; subsequently, they are dispersed inside a polyimide matrix. The output performance of the energy harvesters is measured using an optimized measurement system during repetitive mechanical deformation by varying the composition of the NPs and NWs. A nanocomposite-based energy harvester with 4:1 weight ratio generates the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of 0.83 V and 0.28 A, respectively. In this study, self-powered devices are constructed with enhanced output performance by using piezoelectric energy harvesting for application in flexible and wearable devices.