법률적 문제를 해결하기 위한 컴퓨터의 활용은 단순한 문서 편집 수준에서 시작되어 현재는 자동화된 법률 데이터베이스 검색 등 변호사의 조력자 역할에 이르고 있다. 나아가 법적 문제를 스스로 해결할 수 있는 컴퓨터 프로그램의 출현 가능성이 대두되는데, 컴퓨터는 구조상 인간의 뇌와 달리직렬 프로세서 및 선형적 처리라는 한계를 가지나 인공지능의 발전 특히 딥러닝 기술의 혁신으로 그 가능성은 커지고 있다. 다만 일반적인 논리학과 대비되는 법적 논증의 특징 즉, 어떠한 결론이든 분명하게 이것은 맞고 이것은 틀렸다는 양단간의 결정을 내리기 보다는 정도의 문제로 귀결된다는 점과 그러한 결론도 시간이 바뀌고 장소가 바뀜에 따라 달라질 수 있다는 점 즉 비단조논리적 특성이 인공지능에 반영되기 위해서는 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 시 논증도식에 의한 분석이 필요하다. 법률문제의 해결을 위한 인공지능 프로그램의 현황은 엄청난 분량의 문서를 정리하고 자료의 의미를 분석하는 능력을 가지는데 이르렀으나 그러한 자료를 가지고 새로운 법논리를 만들어내는 수준에는 이르지 못하였다. 그러나 딥러닝의 자가학습 기술은 주어진 지식을 분석에 적용하여 새로운 추론에 이르는 진정한 의미의 인공지능 법률 프로그램의 출현 가능성을 높이고 있다. 마지막으로 법에 관한 인공지능 프로그램의 연구를 통해 법학자들이 법학도를 위하여 법적 논리를 더 체계적으로 이해하고 적용할 수 있게 하는 방편을 찾게 되기를 기대한다

고분자 분리막을 구성하고 있는 고분자의 종류에 따른 화학구조는 고분자 분리막의 특성을 결정짓는 가장 중요한 요소가 된다. 그러나, 고분자의 경우 다양한 주쇄 구조 및 작용기 구조, 그리고 복잡한 구조적 특징을 갖기 때문에, 기존의 실험적인 방법을 통한 분석으로는 정확한 내부 구조를 파악하는 데에 한계가 있다. 양자역학, 분자동역학 등 분자 전산모사 기술은 이러한 고분자의 내부 구조를 원자 및 분자 수준에서 직접 파악하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 이외에도 메조스케일 전산모사 기술은 원자를 그룹화하여 하나의 구슬(bead)로 표현을 하기 때문에 더 큰 분자 구조의 모사가 가능하고 이를 통하여 상분리 등의 특성 분석에 효과적이다. 본 발표에서는 이러한 다양한 전산모사 기술을 이용한 고분자 분리막의 특성 분석에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

For several years, keyboard and mouse have been used as the main interacting devices between users and computer games, but they are becoming outdated. Gesture-based human-computer interaction systems are becoming more popular owing to the emergence of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies. Therefore research on these systems has attracted a significant attention. The researches focus on designing the interactive interfaces between users and computers. Human-computer interaction is an important factor in computer games because it affects not only the experience of the users, but also the design of the entire game. In this research, we develop an particle filter-based face tracking method using color distributions as features, for the purpose of applying to gesture-based human-computer interaction systems for computer games. The experimental results proved the efficiency of particle filter and color features in face tracking, showing its potential in designing human-computer interactive games.

목적 : 본 연구는 체계적 고찰을 통해 노인의 인지 기능 향상을 위한 전산화 인지 훈련이 어떠한 효과가 있는지 분석하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2006년부터 2016년까지의 10년 간의 문헌을 Medline, EMbase, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, KISS, KMbase, NDSL 데이터베이스에서 검색하였다. 검색 키워드로는 ‘Therapy, Computer-Assisted (Mesh term)’, ‘Aged (Mesh term)’, ‘Cognitive Therapy (Mesh term)’, ‘Randomized Controlled Trial (Publication Type)’, ‘노인’, ‘전산화 인지’를 사용하였다. 최종적으로 포함기준에 적합한 8편의 무작위 임상실 험설계 연구를 선정하였다. 결과 : 포함된 연구에 대한 방법론의 질적 수준(PEDro 척도)은 6~8점인 ‘좋음’수준에 모두 속하였다. 노 인 참여자의 유형으로는 경도인지손상이 45.5%, 정상 노인 27.3%를 차지하였다. 측정한 종속변수는 기 억력이 31.6%, 전반적 인지 기능이 21.0%, 주의집중력과 실행 기능이 각각 15.8%를 차지하였다. 경도 인지장애 노인을 대상으로 한 5편의 연구 중 4편에서 기억력에 긍정적 효과를 보였고, 주의집중력을 종 속변수로 측정한 3편의 연구에서 유의한 향상을 보였다. 정상 노인을 대상으로 한 3편의 연구에서는 기 억력이 향상되었다. 결론 : 이번 연구를 통하여 전산화 인지 훈련이 노인의 인지 기능에 미치는 효과를 알 수 있었다. 이는 작 업치료사에게 임상적 근거를 제공하고자 하였으며, 추후에는 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 노인의 장기적으 로 인지 기능을 관리하는 방법에 대한 임상적 근거 마련에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 한다.

The vehicle weight and alternative light materials development like aluminum alloys are hot issues around the world. In order to obtain the goal of the weight reduction of automobiles, the researches about lighter and stronger suspension links have been studies without sacrificing the safety of automotive components. Therefore, in present study, the structure analysis of the torque strut links made by aluminum alloys (A356) was performed by using CAE (computer aided engineering) to investigate the light weight design process from the reference of the rear suspension torque strut link which was made by STKM11A steel and was already proven in the commercial market. Especially, the simulated maximum von Mises stresses after strength analysis were normalized as fatigue limit and these were converted to the WF (weight factor) of the same type as the fatigue safety factor suggested and named like that in present study. From these, it was suggested that the fatigue properties of the torque strut could be simply predicted only from this static CAE simulation.

This study is an exploratory case study of writing strategies that Korean EFL graduate students in applied linguistics employed in the semester-long process of L2 computermode research paper writing with the use of multiple resources. Data for writing processes and strategy and resource use were largely collected from a writing strategy inventory questionnaire and writing logs, which were complemented by a keystroke logging program, video recordings and retrospective recall interviews. The results of the study reveal the influence of genre features and variations across writing stages, strategies, resources, and individual writers. Planning was intermingled with researching. The participants deployed certain strategies only at a particular stage or throughout the whole writing process. The students who had higher education in English-speaking countries used fewer strategies and preferred electronic resources to print resources than those who were educated mainly in Korea. The latter also showed a tendency of employing self-regulatory strategies. Findings from the study suggest that the research paper writing process is resourceful, strategic and individually situated, and it involves complex composing behaviors accompanied by more varied strategies and resources than shown in studies of one-time reading-to-write tasks.

Paper-folding is an educational activity to enhance a creativity of children because a paper-folding game is to create various 2D or 3D shapes by folding a plane square paper with both hands. However, since previous paper-folding games provide folding designs as books, children may need a guidance of a teacher or may degrade interest. In addition, existing computer-based games have simple interfaces with one or two fingers and thus they are difficult to have direct influence on children's physical development and creativity enhancement. In this paper, we propose a computer-based paper-folding game which children fold a real paper with two hands and a computer with a camera gives various feedback. The proposed game is developed based on the CAI concept and contains elements of the Keller's ARCS theory.

In order to obtain the goal of the weight reduction of automobile components, the researches about lighter and stronger wheel carriers have been studied without sacrificing the safety of them. In this study, the weight reduction design process of wheel carrier could be proposed based on the variation of von-Mises stress contour by substituting an AA6061 (aluminum 6061 alloy) having tensile strength of 310 MPa grade instead of FCD600 Irons. From the stress analysis results before and after design modification, the stress relaxation was done at every given loading conditions. Therefore, it could be reached that this approach method could be well established and be contributed for light-weight design guide and the optimum design conditions of the automotive wheel carrier development.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental factors that affect the computer literacy of childcare teachers. A survey was conducted to get information about teachers' ICT utilization ability and their physical and educational condition. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 program on the data of 293 teachers who work in childcare centers in capital area, and the following results were obtained. First, computer-related physical environment and computer training did not affect the teachers' computer literacy. Second, taking computer course had effects on the basic skills, word-processing ability, internet communication ability and computer program utilization. Third, the number of hours of using computers affected the ability to install and maintain computers. Fourth, the purchase of computer-related books and magazines and the number of computer programs they use had an effect on their computer program utilization. These results have significance in that they imply what is needed for improving childcare teachers' computer literacy in terms of institutional support.

This study investigated peer-to-peer interaction during collaborative, computer-mediated reading tasks. Fourteen university EFL students in Korea worked in pairs to complete three gapfill tasks. The transcript data from these tasks were analyzed to determine: (1) how often collaboration occurs during collaborative reading tasks, (2) the ways in which peers help each other, and (3) how successful peers are in resolving the problems they collaboratively pursue. The results showed that each of these aspects of interaction varied among sets of pairs. On average, however, the participants collaborated to jointly solve 75% of the problems they encountered. They also used a range of helping behaviors during collaboration. While the participants correctly resolved nearly half of the problems they attempted, half were incorrectly answered or unresolved. Based on these findings, pedagogical implications are offered, in addition to suggestions for future research into collaborative reading tasks.

다단 분리막 공정은 압력변환, 열교환, 수분제거등을 위한 공정 설비들과 연계 운영된다. 또한 sweeping 가스를 도입하기도 하고, 분리막 연결 형태를 변경 하기도 하며, 압력비등을 조절하기도 한다. 따라서, 분리막 공정설계는 막 면적 및 운전 압력을 결정을 포함하여 다단 분리막의 configuration 선정, 분리막 소 재의 선택, 공정의 시스템적 구성, 부가 설비와의 통합 설계 등 여러 설계 요소 들을 통합적으로 분석하며 최적 공정을 구성하게 된다. 본 발표에서는 컴퓨터를 활용한 모델링, 전산 모사 및 최적화를 통해 최적의 분리막 공정 및 운전 조건 을 도출하는 기법들을 설명하며, 이러한 전산적 설계 기법들을 분리막 공정 스케일업과 신공정 개발에 활용하는 방안에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

Cho Hye-jin. 2016. “Negotiation of Meaning in Computer-Mediated Communication in Relation to Task Types”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(1). 271~309. The present study aims to explore how negotiation of meaning occurs in a task-based CMC among ESL students. Paired with one another, 18 ESL students were asked to engage in online discussion once a week for 3 weeks in order to complete 3 types of language task: jigsaw, information-gap, and decision-making tasks. The finding shows that only a few examples (11%) contributed to negotiation routines. Twenty-one percent of the negotiation routines were identified as modified interactions. The information-gap task elicited the most negotiation routines. However, what the students perceived was different from the numerical results regarding task types. They reported that the jigsaw was the most intriguing and beneficial task rather than the information-gap. Relatively little negotiation routine can be attributed to learner perceptions of tasks. Learner behaviors such as not asking questions, their eagerness to proceed with the task, and face-saving action were observed as efforts to maintain social communication. Sending segmented messages instead of complete sentences was found as a face-saving action as well.

Introduce the score-recognition method. E.g The note, beat and other symbols for the play music. Usually, the score-recognition is using the template matching or statistical model. This paper suggest the new method that is using the template matching and feature of pixel pattern for computer games. Typically, the morphology of general music symbol are independent on the change of font. For instance the head and line of note, staccato, crescendo, decrescendo and so on. But some music symbol aren’t keep their morphology. For instance the beat of the note, chord and beam note. This paper applying the template matching at the general music symbol and applying the feature of pixel pattern analysis method at the some music symbol. So this paper can get great accuracy of score-recognition. This paper can recognize the Whole, Half, Quarter, Eighth and Sixteenth note and rest, Seminote, Staccato, Crescendo, Decrescendo, Key signature and Clef

This study was conducted to determine the impact of smoke-free regulations on the environment in personal computer(PC) rooms by measuring indoor levels of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm(PM2.5) before and after the implementation of the regulations. PM2.5 concentrations of 34 PC rooms in Seoul were measured before and after the regulations took effect. A real-time monitor was used to measure PM2.5 concentrations. A field technician recorded the characteristics of PC rooms including indoor volume, number of floors, and the presence of a smoking room and counted the number of burning cigarettes, cigarette butts, vents, and patrons. While outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and the number of patrons were not changed, indoor PM2.5 concentrations, the number of burning cigarettes and cigarette butts in PC rooms were significantly decreased after the regulations were implemented (p < 0.001). Geometric mean(GM) of indoor PM2.5 concentrations in the PC rooms was 139.6 μg/m3 before the regulations took effect and 55.7 μg/m3 after the regulations implemented. After the regulations, smokers were observed in 11 of the 34 PC rooms in which PM2.5 concentrations were not significantly decreased(p = 0.18). When smokers were not observed after the regulations, the GM of indoor PM2.5 concentrations was 37.2 μg/m3. Although PM2.5 concentrations in some PC rooms were decreased after the regulation, higher PM2.5 concentrations were observed in PC rooms with smokers. As such, compliance with the smoke-free regulations should be strictly ensured to achieve a better indoor air quality.

PURPOSES : It is well known that experts determined the current standard dimensions of freeway lane markings. However, rigorous engineering rationale could be insufficient regarding whether or not the standard dimensions account for how visible the markings are to the driver. In this study, we seek to optimize the dimensions of freeway lane markings to improve their visibility to drivers. METHODS: The study was conducted as follows. First, alternative lane marking dimensions were selected which could be installed in a test construction site. Second, a video recording was made while driving on the test construction site. Third, subjects were shown the recorded video and then instructed to indicate their preference from among the various lane markings. Lastly, t-tests were applied to assess the statistical significance of differences in the preferences expressed. RESULTS : According to the t-test results, there was no significant difference in the preferences expressed regarding the lane marking widths. However, with regard to the dimensions of freeway lane marking, which represents line marking lengths, gap lengths, and widths of marking, the subjects expressed a preference for specific dimensions such as 6 m:12 m,13 cm, 8 m:12 m,10 cm and 6 m:12 m,10 cm. CONCLUSIONS : In considering the dimensions of freeway lane markings and their relation to visibility by the driver, it was found that dimensions such as 6 m:12 m,13 cm, 8 m:12 m,10 cm and 6 m:12 m,10 cm.

In this paper, a System Dynamics(SD) computer simulation model has been developed to assess the effects of developing and providing an alternate water source. A water service index was also developed to estimate the level of overall customer satisfaction on water supply service. Data from the Busan water supply service and the Korea Development Institute regarding the Nak Dong river bank storage development were utilized during the modeling processes. Some important indicators of the system under study were analyzed by the simulations of development of the alternate water source for Busan. The developed SD model and the water service index can be further utilized as a tool that can assess the extent and timing of an additional service improvement project.

목적 : 운전능력에 필요한 인지능력을 평가하기 위해 다양한 신경심리학적 인지평가도구를 사용한 연구와는 달리 운전상황인식에 초점을 맞추어 개발한 컴퓨터 기반 운전상황인식 과제의 타당성을 입증하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 인지평가도구와 운전상황인식 간에 상관관계와 운전상황인식 과제에 대한 인지요소의 설명력을 조사하여 공인타당도를 분석하였다. 운전상황인식 정도를 알아보기 위하여 실험에 사용한 도구는 컴퓨터 기반 운전상황인식 과제이다. 신경학적 인지능력을 평가하기 위해서는 한국형 간이정신상태검사(Mini- Mental State Examination for Korean; MMSE-K)와 웩슬러 성인 지능검사(Korean Wechsler Aadult Intelligence Scale-Ⅳ; K-WAIS-Ⅳ)중 작업기억 검사 항목과 기호쓰기(coding subtest)를 실시하였다. 시각주의 검사로 별지우기 검사도구를 적용하였고, 기호잇기검사(Trail Making Test A, B; TMT A, B) 를 실시하였다. 뇌졸중과 외상성 뇌손상 환자 73명이 실험에 참여하였다. 운전상황인식 전문가, 교통사고 처리 전문가, 작업치료사에게 컴퓨터 기반 운전상황인식 과제를 시연하고 내용타당도를 검증받았고 작업치 료사에게 운전사황인식 과제의 적합성을 검증받았다. 결과 : 인지 평가도구와 운전상황인식 과제 간에 상관관계와 설명력이 가장 높은 인지평가로는 웩슬러 성 인 지능검사의 기호쓰기이다. TMT와 별지우기 검사, 순서화, 작업기억도 운전상황인식과 관련성이 있으 며 설명력 있는 변인이다. 운전상황인식 과제를 사용한 전문가들은 이 과제가 운전상황인식을 평가하고 운전관련 인지를 평가하는데 적합하다고 하였다. 결론 : 컴퓨터 기반 운전상황인식 과제는 정보처리속도, 선택주의, 주의이동, 작업기억과 같은 기초적인 인 지능력과 상관관계가 있고 인지 측면에서 운전능력을 파악할 수 있는 평가과제로 적합하다.

Nascent research into computer-mediated feedback has demonstrated its potential effectiveness for providing extensive and detailed feedback. However, a dearth of research exists on international doctoral students’ perceptions of online feedback. Thus, our exploratory qualitative study reported in this article investigated the use of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) (e.g., Skype) software to provide feedback on academic writing to international doctoral students in a TESOL Education program at a large urban university in the US. Each student participated in six feedback sessions in which they engaged in think-aloud while reacting to feedback on their academic writing presented through several online modes. The think-aloud sessions were followed by semi-structured interviews. The themes of negotiated feedback and micro-mentoring emerged when the use of online communication technologies allowed the feedback process to become more bi-directional. Based on our findings, we concluded that VoIPenabled feedback had the potential to facilitate the scaffolding of academic writing development of international graduate students.