본 연구는 문헌연구와 현장연구 그리고 정원주와의 인터뷰를 통해 임실 삼계면에 소재한 노동환(盧東煥) 가옥과 정원 특성을 살핀 것이다. 가옥의 조영역사, 정원배치와 상징미학성 그리고 사랑채에 부속된 화석원(花石園)의 의미 발굴을 통한, 전통정원의 조명을 목적으로 시도된 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 노동환가옥은 소유주의 8대조 오류처사(五柳處士) 노엽(盧燁)이 1760년에 집터를 골라, 1775년에 건립한 것으로 도연명의 귀거래 정신과 백세청풍의 마음을 담아 오류정사라 당호(堂號)하였음을 알 수 있다. 사랑채에 게판된 ‘정양사(靜養舍)’ 편액을 볼 때, ‘오류정사’ 또는 ‘북계정사(北溪精舍)’로 명명되어 강학과 성정 도야의 공간인 사랑채는 후대로 오면서 ‘치유의 집’이라는 현실 개념이 보다 강화되었다. 한편 ‘연소형(燕巢形)’과 ‘사두형(巳頭形)’이라는 형국의 긴장감 속에 대립적이며 상호보완적인 가옥과 주변의 풍수지리적 관계는 노동환가옥과 정원에 비보(裨補)와 염승(厭勝)이 담긴 핵심적 상징미학성이 되고 있다. 사랑채 전면에는 3단의 화계 위에 화석원을 조성하였다. 사랑채를 중심으로 한 수양 및 풍류의 공간인 이곳에는 사랑채 마루 정면으로 ‘화석(花石)’이란 암각(巖刻)을 중심으로 괴석을 놓았다. 현존하는 화석원의 형태와 사랑채에 게판된 「북계정사기(北溪精舍記)」로 유추해 볼 때 화석원은 중국 당나라 이덕유(李德裕)의 평천장(平泉莊)을 본뜬 치석형(置石型) 석가산으로 판단된다. 또한 ‘화석’은 ‘한 송이 꽃과 돌’을 총칭하는 상징어이자 초건자의 유지를 받들어 가옥과 정원이 자손 대대로 유지되기를 당부하라는 유지를 담은 정원시설물로 풀이된다.

토지･건물 배분비율은 부동산의 일괄가격에 대한 토지가격과 건물가격의 구성비율을 의미하는데, 과세표준 산정 및 법원 경매 등 행정 목적으로 활용한다. 본 연구는 단독주택의 실거래가를 기반으로 토지･건물 배분비율을 구하는 방안을 제시하고 그 결과의 활용성을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해서 토지･건물 배분비율에 관한 현행 적용방식과 관련된 선행연구를 검토한 후 가격 배분 모형을 선정하였다. 선정된 모형은 단독주택 실거래 가격에서 토지가격을 공제하는 방식이다. 모형에 투입될 단가 추정을 위해 단독주택 실거래 매매 자료를 분석하여 토지와 건물 가치 비중과 건물의 단가를 산출하였다. 이때 토지가격은 실거래가 와 관련된 다량의 정보를 종합하여 산정한 가격이고, 건물가격은 단독주택 매매가에서 토지가격을 차감한 값이다. 모형에서 산출된 결과를 기반으로 단독주택가격의 토지･건물 배분비율표와 건물단가표를 건물용도별, 지역별, 건물구조별로 세분하여 작성하고 상관관계의 변화 특성을 탐색하였다. 이를 통해 배분비율 자료는 기존에는 얻지 못하는 건물과 토지 가격의 특성에 관한 추가정보를 획득할 수 있는 유용한 보조자료로 활용할 수 있다는 점을 확인하였다.

The Fisher House, the first Korean Legation in the USA was located at 1513 O Street in Washington, D.C. This house was a three-story brick building with a height of 12.2m(8.84m up to the eaves) and a mansard roof. Facing the street, it is 7.32m (24 feet) wide and 23.6m(77.4 feet) depth. There is a long hallway after the entrance and a parlor with a grand fireplace next to it. This long hallway leads to a central hallway with another fireplace and a central staircase connecting the 2nd and 3rd floors. After the stairs a dining room is with a fireplace in the middle, which then leads to a pantry for dishes and the kitchen. It can also be argued that The Fisher House was the first Western-style residence for Koreans who were officially dispatched from the government. On the other hand, when living in The Fisher House, Park Jung-yang, who was sent on the three premises of the Yeonjak, directly experienced how the United States sought independence from the U.K. through the Declaration of Independence, Mount Vernon, the Washington monument, the Arlington National Cemetery, and battlefields. Even though he was summoned back to Korea by China in less than a year, Park Jung-yang actively supported the independence movement when he became acting prime minister in 1896. In this regard, The Fisher House arguably is the birthplace of Korea’s independence movement.

This study explores the application aspect of The detailed rules of Census (1896) through the change of Kan numbers in Gyeonpyeong-bang. Although Gyeonpyeong-bang was a high-priority area because of its location, it was difficult to trace the operation of the urban situation due to lack of data. This study is focusing on restoring space and society in the Gyeonpyeong-bang using the information on the type of houses and the number of Kan listed in the family register of Hanseong-bu. The detailed rules of Census sets out provisions for the family registry and the rules of making Tong. Especially when it comes to the rules of making Tong, this rule deals with the code of making ten Hos into one Tong. This study was conducted by dividing the status of the Tong into three types: uncompleted Tong, exceeded Tong without vacant Ho number, and exceeded Tong with the vacant Ho number. Since these three types of Tong are in the process of change towards the complete Tong with 10 Hos, they were thought to be able to demonstrate the specific application of the rules. This study will be meaningful as a case study that expands the point of existing research on the Tong making rules, which was not focused relatively on restoring urban conditions at that time, by looking at the changes in exceptions that deviated from the Sipgajaktong rule.

The results of internal temperature. productivity and immunity analysis of the laying hen house by the thermal environment and the supply of cold drinking water were as follows. The external temperature was changed from the minimum of 18℃ at night and the maximum of 36℃ during the day, and the internal temperature of the laying hens varied from 20~31℃. Thermal imaging analysis showed that the body temperature of the laying hen decreased by 2.4℃ with the supply of drinking water. The laying hen amount increased 2.36g and laying hen rate increased 3.62%p. Albumin increased 6.1%, decreased AST 15%, and decreased cholesterol 12.7%. Immune activators increased and T cells and B cells increased to increase immunity.

This study was carried out to examine the effect of the presence of non-structural walls in apartment buildings subjected to an earthquake. It was believed that the presence of non-structural walls, which has not been considered in the structural design process, was usually built together with structural walls and this led to significant damages to the apartment buildings in Pohang earthquake, 2017. In this study, a 22-story apartment building was selected and modeled to simulate the seismic behavior due to earthquakes. The story drift, performance point, and compressive strain in the walls were the main parameters to evaluate the seismic performance with the presence of non-structural walls.

The population of domestic companion animals is estimated to be about 10 million now. In recent years, the domestic pet market has been launching a wide range of products and services for high quality, smart and well-being. As a result, the market size will increase from 900 billion won in 2012 to 2.3 trillion won in 2016, which has more than doubled in five years. The industry expects to reach 6 trillion won by 2020, expecting 3 trillion won this year. In particular, domestic dogs and cats market is estimated at 275.5 billion won, accounting for 19% of the domestic animal market and 1.425 billion won for the world market. However, despite the growing market for companion animals products, unfortunately the import dependence on related industrial goods is still high and the quality of service is very low. Unlike Europe and the United States, 90% of companion animals are housed in apartments, often causing problems in the health and safety of companions and companions. The purpose of this study is to develop a smart house for companion animals with environmental friendliness and AI function that can be won in competition with products of developed countries. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the creation of a new value - added base for the related industries through the strengthening of the competitiveness of the related SMEs and further the effect of employment increase and import substitution.