This study aims to develop a fitted torso pattern suitable for males in their forties and fifties who are obese—a group that accounts for more than fifty percent of men in this age group—using a 3D virtual fitting program. Size Korea’s 2022 data for obese males in their forties and fifties is utilized for this study. In terms of the research method, a 3D program (CLO 3D) is used to implement the target group’s various body types and to apply fitted torsos that enable verification and evaluation of the pattern’s fit and ease. The characteristics of fitted torso patterns for obese bodies are as follows: the front centerline is a profile line; shoulder darts are added by reflecting waist-abdominal protrusion in the front panel; and shoulder, arm, waist, and center-back darts are constructed for the back panel. For obese bodies, the minimum circumference ease amounts should be approximately 6–7cm for the chest, 6cm for the waist, and 6–7cm for the hips. Based on an evaluation of the virtual fit of the developed fitted torso pattern, the data shows that a pattern (foundation) such as this is well suited for obese body types with an average of 4.67/5 points for reverse triangular obesity, an average of 6.67/7 points for log obesity, and an average of 6.69 points for the ease amount.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) programs based on motion capture camera are the most convenient and cost-effective approaches for remote rehabilitation. Assessment of physical function is critical for providing optimal VR rehabilitation training; however, direct muscle strength measurement using camera-based kinematic data is impracticable. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method to indirectly estimate the muscle strength of users from the value obtained using a motion capture camera. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pedaling speed converted using the VR engine from the captured foot position data in the VR environment can be used as an indirect way to evaluate knee muscle strength, and to investigate the validity and reliability of a camera-based VR program. Methods: Thirty healthy adults were included in this study. Each subject performed a 15-second maximum pedaling test in the VR and built-in speedometer modes. In the VR speedometer mode, a motion capture camera was used to detect the position of the ankle joints and automatically calculate the pedaling speed. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess the isometric and isokinetic peak torques of knee flexion and extension. Results: The pedaling speeds in VR and built-in speedometer modes revealed a significantly high positive correlation (r = 0.922). In addition, the intra-rater reliability of the pedaling speed in the VR speedometer mode was good (ICC [intraclass correlation coefficient] = 0.685). The results of the Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant moderate positive correlation between the pedaling speed of the VR speedometer and the peak torque of knee isokinetic flexion (r = 0.639) and extension (r = 0.598). Conclusion: This study suggests the potential benefits of measuring the maximum pedaling speed using 3D depth camera in a VR environment as an indirect assessment of muscle strength. However, technological improvements must be followed to obtain more accurate estimation of muscle strength from the VR cycling test.

Gamma spectrometry is one of the main analysis methods used to obtain information about unknown radioactive materials. In gamma-ray energy spectrometry, even for the same gamma-ray spectrum, the analysis results may be slightly different depending on the skill of the analyst. Therefore, it is important to increase the proficiency of the analyst in order to derive accurate analysis results. This paper describes the development of the virtual spectrum simulator program for gamma spectrometry training. This simulator program consists of an instructor module and trainee module program based on an integrated server, in which the instructor transmits a virtual spectrum of arbitrarily specified measurement conditions to the students, allowing each student to submit analysis results. It can reproduce a virtual gamma-ray energy spectrum based on virtual reality and augmented reality technique and includes analysis function for the spectrum, allowing users to experience realistic measurement and analysis online. The virtual gamma-ray energy spectrum DB program manages a database including theoretical data obtained by Monte Carlo simulation and actual measured data, which are the basis for creating a virtual spectrum. The currently developed database contains data on HPGe laboratory measurement as well as in-situ measurements (ground surface, decommissioned facility wall, radiowaste drum) of portable HPGe detectors, LaBr3(Ce) detector and NaI detector. The analysis function can be applied not only to the virtual spectrum, but also to the input measured spectrum. The parameters of the peak analysis algorithm are customizable so that even low-resolution spectra can be properly analyzed. The validity of the database and analysis algorithm was verified by comparing with the results derived by the existing analysis programs. In the future, the application of various in-situ gamma spectrometers will be implemented to improve the profiling of the depth distribution of deposited nuclides through dose rate assessment, and the applicability of the completed simulator in actual in-situ gamma spectrometry will be verified.

The decommissioning process of Kori Nuclear Power Plant No.1, which was permanently suspended in 2017, various studies and attention on the decommissioning of nuclear power plants and waste management are being focused. In particular, decommissioning of high-risk facilities should take into account both safety and economic aspects. Small defects in the decommissioning process may lead to major disasters, and the resulting economic losses will cause enormous damage at the national level. In order to prevent such damage, various decommissioning process simulations within a virtual environment should be performed, and process errors and results should be collected and analyzed through simulation to derive the optimal decommissioning scenario as possible. The platform introduced in this paper builds a virtual environment based on drawing and modeling data of Kori Nuclear Power Plant No.1 and automatically creates an optimized cutting path for dismantling the facility and internal structure, and simulates a cutting process similar to reality using Robot Arm. In addition, it is possible to derive and analyze a cutting process scenario by processing process results such as time required for work and cutting distance collected through simulation.

블록체인 기술을 기반으로, 환금성이 있는 NFT(Non-fungible token) 또는 가상화폐가 게 임이용의 결과물로서 이용자에게 귀속되는 P2E (Play to Earn) 게임 모델이 새로이 등장하였다. 그러나 게임물관리위원회는 P2E 게임의 사행성 을 이유로 등급분류를 거부하거나 취소하여 국내 시장 유통을 금지하고 있다. 반면 우리나라를 제 외한 많은 국가들에서는 P2E 게임이 활발하게 이용되고 있어 게임위 판단의 근거를 검토할 필 요가 있다. 게임위는 법률상 사행성게임물에 대한 등급분 류를 거부하거나 취소할 수 있는데, 이때 사행성 게임물 판단을 위한 근거규정이 미비하다는 문제 가 있다. 사행성게임물은 법률상 사행행위(베팅, 배당, 경마 등)를 내용으로 하거나 게임의 결과가 우연적으로 결정되는 게임물로서 이용자의 자산 에 손익을 미치는 것으로 정의되는데, NFT 혹은 가상자산이 이용자의 자산에 이익이 된다는 이유 만으로 그 게임물의 내용과 상관없이 사행성게임 물로 규정하는 것은 잘못이다. 또한 이용자의 재 산상 손익을 끼칠 수 있는지에 대한 구체적인 판 단 기준을하위법령에위임하고있으나, 위임받은 법령과 게임위 내규에서는 별도로 다루지 않고 있어 판단기준에 공백이 있다. 한편 게임물의 사행성은 게임물의 등급분류에 영향을 미치는데, 사행성게임물이 아니라면 사행 성이 인정되더라도 등급분류에 따라 게임출시가 가능하다. 게임산업법은 사행적인 게임물의 환전 행위를금지하고있는데, P2E 게임의환전가능성 을 이유로 사행성게임물로 판단하는 것은 잘못된 적용이다. 더불어 경품 등의 제공을 통한 사행성 조장을 금지하고 있는데, P2E 게임 이용자에게 제공되는 결과물은 그 형태와 관계없이 경품 등 에 해당하므로 사행성을 조장한다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 게임물의 사행성 판단에 대해서는 사회⋅ 경제적 상황과 업계종사자의 의견을 반영하여 탄 력적으로 규율하는 것이 바람직하다.

The purpose of this study is to verify how similar the virtual fit pants are to the actual fit of stretchable pants. Data is produced using a virtual model to apply movements. The results show that in the upright position, the similarity between the appearance of the actual fit and the virtual fit is high. Results are 4.47, 4.13 and 4.33 out of 5 on the front, side, and back, respectively. The base line of the front and back, and the amount of allowance in each part were well reproduced by the model. The texture of the virtual fit was evaluated and found to be similar to the actual fabric. In terms of shape and number of wrinkles with the virtual fit pants, large wrinkles were better expressed than fine wrinkles. After applying movements to the virtual model, the front and side results were similar to the actual fit, but the back results were different. As a result of multiple comparisons, the greatest difference in similarity by movements is found in the center front line. The similarity difference was lower on the side than on the front. The only significant difference after applying movements is in the hip circumference margin. According to movements, the similarity of virtual fit is lower on the back than on the front and side, and the back also has the largest similarity differences to the movements type.

목적 : 입체경으로 구현된 가상공간에서 측정한 사위검사를 하웰 시표를 기반으로 하는 기존 검사와 비교하여 효용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 전체 대상자는 51명(20~39세)으로 전신질환, 안질환, 억제가 없고, 입체시가 40 sec 이상, 나안 또는 교정시력이 양안 1.0 이상인 사람을 선정하였다. 입체경의 광학렌즈 굴절력은 +3.00 D, +5.00 D, +10.00 D이 고, 광학중심점 간 거리는 62.00 mm이었다. 하웰 시표를 기반으로, 기존과 입체경용 사위도 검사 시표를 제작하 였으며, 검사거리 500.00 cm, 40.00 cm, 33.00 cm에 대해 수평과 수직사위도 검사를 무작위로 수행하였으며, 계산 조절성폭주비를 구하였다. 결과 : 검사거리 500.00 cm, 40.00 cm 및 33.00 cm에서 측정한 기존, +3.00 D, +5.00 D, +10.00 D 입체경 에서 수평사위(△)는 각각 -1.18±1.71, +2.39±3.46, +2.23±3.36, +2.36±3.31(500.00 cm), -3.88±4.17, -4.92±5.92, -4.98±5.70, -4.91±5.58(40.00 cm), 및 -5.53±4.82, -6.50±6.67, -6.49±6.59, -6.38±6.54 (33.00 cm), 수직사위(△)는 각각 -0.03±0.97, -0.03±0.99, -0.03±0.87, +0.02±1.00(500.00 cm), 0.00±0.92, -0.05±1.00, -0.09±1.01, -0.02±1.02(40.00 cm), 및 -0.05±0.99, -0.01±1.00, -0.11±1.02, -0.05±0.99(33.00 cm)로 나타났다. 입체경의 원거리 수평사위에서 더 내사위, 근거리는 더 외사위 방향으로 나 타났으며, 원거리만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.050), 수직사위는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.050). 계 산 조절성폭주비(△/D)는 각각 5.18±1.24, 3.34±1.45, 3.38±1.37, 3.36±1.35(40.00 cm), 및 4.81±1.22, 3.30±1.41, 3.36±1.41, 3.35±1.38(33.00 cm)이었으며. 입체경에서 더 낮았으며, 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.050). 결론 : 입체경을 이용한 사위도 검사는 구현된 가상공간에 대한 거리감 인지가 실제공간과 다르기 때문에 원거 리 과폭주, 근거리 저폭주의 영향이 발생되었다. 실제공간과 유사한 수준을 가지기 위해서는, 거리감 인지를 증가 를 위한 주변부 가상공간에 경험적 단서를 추가시킬 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

Purpose: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual simulation practice has been increasingly activated as an alternative to clinical practice in nursing colleges. This study aimed to provide basic data by confirming changes in self-efficacy and nursing knowledge in the virtual simulations of nursing students, and identifying virtual presence, virtual patient learning system evaluation (VPLSE), and practical satisfaction. Methods: This was a single-group pre-post quasi-experimental study. The subjects were 28 third-grade nursing students. Results: Self-efficacy and nursing knowledge increased significantly (p<.001). Virtual presence had a significant positive correlation with VPLSE) (p=.002) and practice satisfaction (p=.011). There was also a significant positive correlation between virtual simulation learning evaluation and practice satisfaction (p<.001). Conclusion: Based on these results, virtual simulation practice can be used with clinical practice as an educational method to improve nursing students' self-efficacy and nursing knowledge in nursing education. Virtual presence was confirmed as a significant variable to improve practice satisfaction and VPLSE. It is necessary to develop a virtual simulation program that can improve virtual presence through collaboration with virtual reality technology experts.

최근 패션업계에서 이슈가 되고 있는 Virtual Fashion 관련 서비스는 소비자들이 피팅 서비스를 사용함에 있 어 실제 상황과 상호작용하는 것처럼 의류의 재질감, 색상 그리고 사이즈를 실제적으로 경험해 볼 수 있게 하는 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 하지만 기존에 생산한 3D Object 데이터에 대한 접근성 및 재활용성이 낮은 단점을 가지고 있다. 또한 다양한 데이터 포맷을 사용하면서 생성되는 Texture의 용량과 출력되는 Animation 파일들의 크기가 커서 최종 결과물의 용량이 비대 해지는 단점도 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 선행 연구된 시 스템을 Legacy Virtual Fashion System으로 정의하고 해당 시스템에서 사용하던 자원들을 효율적으로 재활용 하고 프로세스 단축 및 Texture과 Animation의 용량을 축소시키기 위하여 공통으로 사용할 수 있는 게임 엔 진 기반의 Virtual Fashion 프레임워크를 제안하고 구현했다. 게임엔진 기반의 Virtual Fashion 프레임워크를 이용하여 Virtual Show Room, 3D Runway 및 Virtual Fashion Sample을 제작하고 또한 해당 프레임워크의 성능 을 측정하기 위하여 실험을 구성했다. 구성된 실험으로 최대 50%의 용량 감소의 효과를 확인했다. 또한 본 연구의 결과물을 이용하여 다양한 형태의 출력물을 개발 확대 적용하는 것 기대해 본다.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the meaning of simulation practice after experiencing virtual simulation for nursing students with clinical practice experience. We attempted to determine a nursing simulation strategy as an alternative to the clinical practice in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The participants were seven nursing students who experienced clinical practice and completed alternative virtual simulation practice in the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and analysed using the phenomenological methodology. The key question was “what is the meaning and nature of child health nursing practice using virtual simulation in the COVID-19 pandemic?” Results: The significant statements were categorized into 14 themes, 7 theme clusters, and 2 categories. The categories extracted were “a sense of difference between virtual and reality” and “experience systematic learning transfer.” Conclusion: Practical education through nursing simulation is important for students to experience a systematic and efficient learning. Additionally, simulation educators should produce various efforts to help students achieve the learning outcomes, such as scenarios, class environments, and instructor preparation, to reduce their sense of separation from practice.

“Radiation measurement situation virtual reality program” is a three-dimensional modeling program. It is a program that virtually implements the measurement situation by applying visualization techniques such as animation effect charts, and effectively delivers gamma radiation energy spectrum data. This program was developed to respond to various measurement situations by visualizing major analysis objects such as radiation detectors, radioactive waste drums, radioactive building structures, and the ground surface as a 3D model. User-friendliness was secured by supporting various control functions such as distance, size, and angle while checking the three-dimensionally produced detector and analysis target in a virtual space. By using high-resolution photos obtained through 360-degree shooting, a virtual space was implemented to approximate the actual situation, such as the ground surface measurement. In addition, data communication safety was secured so that a large number of users could use it through a local area network in consideration of the actual operating environment.

To obtain the gamma-ray energy spectrum of artificial radionuclides which is difficult to obtain practically, virtual gamma-ray energy spectrum simulator program was developed. It can be applied for the predetermined measurement condition for which the database was developed through computational simulation and actual measurement of background radiation. For gamma spectrometry training for KHNP HPGe detectors using this program, the database for KNPG HPGe detectors was developed. First, the geometry of the detector in the simulation was adjusted to resemble the real structure by comparing the actually measured net counts rate at the main gamma peak with the value simulated by MCNP6. The Certified Reference material (CRM) of 137Cs and 60Co were used for verification. The comparison was made with respect to the situation where CRM was attached to the top and side of the detection part of the considered detector. The geometry structures of detectors were simulated by reflecting the design drawing of the products, and the simulation was performed for several thicknesses of the Ge/Li dead layer in consideration of the change in the thickness over time. As the results, the simulation geometry was tuned so that the results for 137Cs showed a difference within 10% for all detectors. At this time, in some detectors, the result for 60Co shows a 10% higher error, which is estimated to be due to the random summing. It was not considered in tuning the simulation geometry, but it was found that improvements were needed to reflect the coincidence summing when construction the virtual spectrum in the future. The determined simulation geometry was applied to generate theoretical gamma-ray energy spectra of representative artificial radionuclides. In order to create a virtual spectrum similar to the real one, the background spectrum was measured for each detector without a source, and the simulation results were calculated in the form of having the same energy channel as the background spectrum. The background spectrum and theoretical spectra of artificial radionuclides for each detector were databased so that virtual spectra could be generated under desired conditions. The virtual spectrum was generated by adding a background spectrum and a spectrum obtained by multiplying the spectrum of the desired nuclide by the concentration of the nuclide. The validity of generated virtual spectra was verified using the pre-developed gamma spectrometry program. As a results of gamma spectrometry of virtual spectra, the virtual spectra was verified by showing a difference within 20% from the radioactivity value input when generating the virtual spectra.

Since nuclear power plant (NPP) dismantling carries the possibility of radiation exposure from a hazardous environment, it’s important to minimize that by using a remote manipulator et al. However, due to complexity of nuclear facilities, it’s necessary for operators to increase their proficiency by operating in advance in a virtual environment. In this research, we propose a virtual manipulator system using a haptic device for NPP’s reactor vessel internals (RVI) dismantling which can realistically manipulate.

본 연구는 가상 시뮬레이션기반 노인간호 실습교육 실시 후 간호대학생의 몰입경험과 학습역량 이 학습만족도에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 조사연구이다. 연구 대상자는 간호대학 학생 72명을 대상으 로 하였고, 자료수집은 2021년 4월 2일부터 5월 7일까지 온라인 설문을 통해 수행하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS/WIN 24.0을 이용하여 기술통계, 상관관계 및 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 가상 시뮬레이 션 교육 후 간호대학생의 학습만족도는 몰입경험(r=.656, p<.001), 학습역량(r=.672, p<.001)과 유의한 정 적 상관관계를 보였다. 학습만족도에 가장 영향력이 있는 요인은 학습역량(β=.459, p<.001), 몰입경험(β =.413, p<.001)으로 나타났으며 모형의 설명력은 60.9%이었다. 그러므로 가상 시뮬레이션 교육 후 학습만 족도를 향상시키기 위해서 실습에 대한 몰입을 촉진하고 개개인의 학습역량을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안들을 개발할 것을 제언한다.

PURPOSES : This study aimed to develop data conversion of NGII HD maps to OpenDRIVE format for virtual road implementation for autonomous-driving verification. METHODS : A method of defining the reference line of OpenDRIVE on the centerline of an NGII HD map is proposed. According to the construction characteristics of the NGII HD map, the optimal conversion method through parametric cubic polynomials was used in the form of piecewise and clamped cubic polynomials. RESULTS : The study focused on curved roads that may cause problems when converting HD map data into OpenDRIVE formats. As a result of data conversion, a reference line was defined to precisely follow the alignment of NGII HD maps drawn based on MMS data, and a lively virtual road was reproduced through road lane width and lane expression. CONCLUSIONS : A virtual road in the same environment as a real road, which is one of the important factors in verifying autonomous driving technology through virtual driving simulation, was constructed. The piecewise-polynomial normal was 0.008 m on average, and as a result of calculating the distance between the endpoint coordinates of the road object and the endpoint coordinates of the converted road object on the NGII HD map, the difference between the two points was 0.163 m on average. The clamped cubic polynomials normal was observed to be an average of 0.170 m.

This study explores the possibility of creating new experimental hanbok designs by accommodating the latest world fashion trends and the changing needs of consumers, in order to attempt to overcome the limitations of traditional Korean fashion design. To do so, We analyze works by contemporary Korean fashion designers to investigate current developments in Korean fashion design and to identify areas of improvement within hanbok design. The results show that most contemporary hanbok designs repeat stereotypes of traditional hanbok with minor modifications. So there arises a need to create new hanbok designs that are clearly distinct from traditional hanbok but also maintain its core features. To develop such designs, I apply the techniques of deconstruction fashion, which allow making experiments with form, composition, and materials use to realize new aesthetics. The use of CLO 3D fashion design software also proves to be very efficient for developing experimental designs. The study results make meaningful contributions to the development of virtual clothing and 3D fashion for hanbok, particularly as metaBUS, a cloud-based research synthesis platform, is rapidly gaining ground, and reality and virtual reality are increasingly mixed in everyday life. This attempt at 3D design of hanbok is expected to trigger more creative experimentation in hanbok design.

본 연구의 목적은 현실, 가상현실에서 시야각 수준을 세분화하여 지각된 거리에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 본 연구는 가상현실조건 제시에 현실조건 환경을 모방한 복제품을 사용하여 두 관찰조건을 동등하게 구성하였다. 시야각 조작을 위해 현실조건에서 시야각을 제한하는 안경을 사용하였고, 가상현실조건에서 HMD를 통해 현실과 동등한 방법으로 시야각을 제한함으로써 두 관찰조건에서 시야각 수준을 동일하게 조작하였다. 실험에 참여한 성인 18명은 현실, 가상현실 각 관찰조건에서 머리 움직임을 제한한 후 조건에 따라 상이한 제한된 시야로 대상을 관찰하 였다. 이후 참가자들은 정신적으로 대상까지 걷는데 소요된 시간을 측정하는 상상보행 측정방법을 통해 지각된 거리 를 보고하였다. 대상은 3 m, 4 m, 5 m 거리에 제시되었으며 각 거리수준마다 3회 반복측정 하였다. 측정한 시간 측정치는 거리로 환산하여 분석에 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 가상현실조건의 거리추정치는 현실조건보다 작았다. 또한 시야각 수준이 감소함에 따라 거리추정치가 감소하였다. 현실조건에서 거리추정치는 시야각 수준에 따라 달라지지

Recently, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are attracting attention as core technologies in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. These virtual and augmented reality technologies are being used in a variety of industries, including the construction industry, healthcare industry, and manufacturing industry, to innovate in communication and collaboration, education and simulation, customer service and reinvention of the customer experience. In this paper, VR-based experiential safety education was conducted for workers of shipbuilding companies in Ulsan city, and for them, the educational effectiveness such as immersion, site applicability, safety accident prevention, education satisfaction, overall performance, and safety behavior in VR-based safety experience education were measured. In addition, we examined whether the immersion of VR-based safety experience education affects site applicability, safety accident prevention, educational satisfaction, overall performance, and safety behavior. Furthermore, it was analyzed whether site applicability plays a mediating role in the relationship between immersion and safety accident prevention. As a result, it was found that the immersion of VR-based safety experience education affects site applicability, safety accident prevention effect, education satisfaction, overall performance, and safety behavior, and that site applicability mediates between immersion and safety accident prevention. Based on these results, we suggests a direction for the development of VR-based contents in the field of safety and health and the transformation of safety and health education in the future.