Corporations, governments, and non-profits across the world have implemented proenvironmental campaigns to promote sustainable practices. To better understand crosscultural differences in environmental persuasion, we draw on research on self-conscious emotion (Tangney & Dearing, 2002), construal level theory (Trope & Liberman, 2010), and cultural psychology (Ratner, 2000). The current research examines how the emotions of guilt and shame cause people from Eastern and Western cultures to differently perceive green advertising messages that are framed concretely or abstractly. Two hundred fifty-five undergraduate students were randomly assigned to a 2 (emotion priming: guilt vs. shame) x 2 (construal message frame: abstract vs. concrete message) x 2 (nationality: Americans vs. Koreans) between-subjects design. The results indicate that message concreteness effect is present among guilt-primed Americans and shame-primed Koreans (culturally relevant), but absent among shame-primed Americans and guilt-primed Koreans (culturally irrelevant). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed for developing global green advertising message strategies.

This study examined how adult native speakers of Korean prosodically structure their speech during spontaneous story telling. It asked participants to produce a spontaneous story from a picture book in L1 Korean. Participants’ phonological phrasing (via pause) was analyzed with reference to eight hierarchical syntactic structures defined in the study. The results suggested three-level hierarchy in phonological structure in spoken Korean: between sentences > between independent clauses > between a dependent clause and the matrix clause = any within-clause boundaries. Korean speakers paused the longest prior to starting a new sentence. They paused statistically significantly shorter between two independent clauses (e.g., coordinate clauses and adverbial clauses), and even shorter between a dependent clause (e.g., complement clauses and relative clauses) and the matrix clause. Interestingly, however, the last type of clausal boundaries, i.e., between interdependent but separate clauses, did not differ from any of the observed within-clause boundaries with respect to intonation structure marked by pauses. These results are consistent with the literature as to across-clause boundaries, but contra the traditional prediction that syntactic hierarchical structure may be mapped onto phonological structure: clausal boundaries are prosodically treated the same as within-clausal boundaries. Crosslinguistic and educational implications are discussed.

Bemisia tabaci is a vector of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) but Trialeurodes vaporariorum is not. To determine the effect of TYLCV acquisition on vector and non-vector, we compared various physiological characteristics between two species. Our results showed that TYLCV acquisition significantly affected B. tabaci but not T. vaporariorum. The B. tabaci increased susceptibility against thermal stress but weakened chill coma recovery, shortening of longevity, low fecundity and abbreviated developmental time by virus acquisition. At the molecular level, B. tabaci increased hsp70 and hsp90 levels by TYLCV ingestion. However, T. vaporariorum did not shown any changes of those characteristics. Therefore, the physiological manipulation of TYLCV was specific to vector species but not non-vector species.

가루깍지벌레류인 Pseudococcus viburni Signoret (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)는 포도원과 다른 과실 과원에도 피해를 주는 국제적 해충 이다. 이 종은 한국에서 오랫동안 격리되어 왔으며 야외에서의 발생기록은 전혀 없다. 본 연구에서는 한국에서의 P. viburni 부재를 확인하기 위해 전국적으로 감 과수원 533사이트, 사과 및 기타 과수원 144사이트, 묘목원 및 온실 281사이트를 지난 3년간(2015-2017) 조사하였다. 그 결과 P. viburni는 한국의 야외에서나 묘목원 등에서 발생되지 않는 것으로 확인되어 이를 보고한다.

이 연구가 천착하고 있는 것은 동일한 시대에 전개되었던 인문학 (Studia Humanitatis)과 종교개혁(Reformation)의 상관관계를 밝 히는 것이다. 이를 위해 이 연구는 16세기 종교개혁의 시대적 배경이 되었던 인문학의 발전 과정을 살펴보고, 제 2의 종교개혁이 과제로 제시되고 있는 한국 교회와 신학계의 현상을 비교 역사적으로 조망해 보고자 한다. 15-16세기에 유럽에서 인문학이 태동한 것과 교회의 혁신을 추진했던 종교개혁이 상호 영향력을 주고받았다면, 인문학은 도대체 어떤 학문이고, 교회와 신학은 인문학과 어떻게 상호 영향력을 주고받을 것인지에 대해 논구하는 것이 이 논문의 목적이다. 따라서 이 연구는 인문학과 종교개혁이 상호 영향력을 주고받았던 유럽의 16세기에 대한 논의일 뿐만 아니라, 2017년 종교개혁 500주년을 기념하는 한국 교회의 과거와 미래에 대한 탐구이기도 하다.

Recombinant baculovirus genome that absence part of ORF1629 has used to enhance efficiency of recombinant virus selection because a role of ORF1629 is believed to essential for viral replication in insect cells. It can be recovered by recombination with a transfer vector containing a complete ORF1629. Some recombinant bacmids were generated for this purpose. Recombinant bacmid GOZA, one of them, has a mini-F replicon for Escherichia coli and the partial ORF1629 gene. By accident, we could observe the replication of ApGOZA singly in Sf9 cells. Produced virus from ApGOZA was investigated for the existence of truncated ORF1629 not intact ORF1629 by PCR amplification and genomic sequencing. Also, we could observe the replication of AcGOZA alone in Sf9 cells. To analyze the influence of truncated ORF1629, the viral growth, BV production and polyhedral formation were conducted comparing to wild type virus and recombinat virus containing intact ORF1629. The results suggested the probability that ORF1629 is not essential for replication.

예이츠의 후기시를 이해함에 있어 여성이미지는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 시인은 대표적인 여성이미지로서 모드 곤과 크레이지 제인을 제시하여 아일랜드인의 개인적, 역사적, 민족적 정체성에 대한 상징으로 삼아왔다. 특히 상류계층의 양심적 지 식인의 대표인 초기시의 모드 곤과 달리 후기시에서 큰 비중을 차지한 창녀 크레이지 제인의 상징적 역할은, 궁극적으로 시인이 거칠고 조악하지만 적나라한 삶의 이중성을 가감 없이 수용하는 아일랜드 민중의 지혜에 대한 신뢰를 드러낸다. 그러나 예이츠는 여기에 그치지 않고 모드 곤과 크레이지 제인의 한계를 극복하고 동시에 그들의 상징 성을 통합하는 여성이미지를 꾸준히 제시하고자 노력하는 데 바로 댄서이미지가 그것 이다. 예이츠에게서 댄서란 앞서 두 여인의 이미지가 상징하는 양심적 지성과 민중적 삶의 지혜를 연결하는 동시에 각각이 지니는 한계를 극복하는 이미지로서 예이츠 후 기시의 궁극적인 여성이미지이면서 민족적 구원을 약속하는 상징이다.

This paper offers a discursive perspective to studying corporate identity and brand. It extends existing scholarship that adopts alternative approaches to understanding corporate identity, seeing it as polysemic, rather than unitary; and constructed, rather than pre-existing. Using a case study of a contemporary global church that combines religion, marketing and popular culture, it shows how disparate and potentially contradictory cultural resources are combined in corporate branding. Church text and corporate communication materials were collected and analysed to identify the presence and combination of different discourses. Our analysis shows how Christian, market, popular and contemporary spirituality discourses were combined using three discursive strategies which we call: differentiation, spectacularizing and personalizing. The research demonstrates the process of how a corporate brand identity is ‘made’ as well as how disparate and contradictory discourses can be successfully combined. This approach can be practically extended to studying other types of organizations, corporate and non-corporate.

Cotesia plutellae, an endoparasitoid wasp, parasitizes larvae of Plutella xylostella, and disrupt immune response of the host through parasitic factors. These immune disruption factors are maternal (venom proteins, polydnavirus, and ovary proteins) and embryonic (teratocytes) factors. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of venom glands of C. plutellae and identified neprilysin-1 (NEP1) known to be potential immunosuppression gene. Cp-NEP1 encoded 451 amino acid and belongs to hymeopteran NEP1 via phylogenetic analysis. Based on the structural comparison Cp-NEP1 lacks in conserved motifs such as substrate binding (NAYY/F), zinc-binding site (HExxH), zinc-binding site, protein folding and maturation (CxxW). To investigate function of Cp-NEP1, we constructed a recombinant Cp-NEP1 harboring N-terminally fused 6X His tag. Peptide sequencing revealed successful expression of the recombinant Cp-NEP1 in Escherichia coli. Pre-heated E. coli as antigen induced spike of nodule formation whereas co-injection of the recombinant Cp-NEP1 and pre-heated E. coli exhibited suppression of nodule formation in the host. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that expression of phenoloxidase related to nodule formation was suppressed under co-injection of the recombinant Cp-NEP1 and E. coli. These results suggest that Cp-NEP1 contributes to immunosuppression of P. xylostella via phenoloxidase suppression and conserved motifs of neprilysin family are not required for host immune suppression.

수술 후 체액 저류는 췌십이지장절제술 후 발생할 수 있는 중요한 합병증 중 하나로 이로 인해 사망률과 재원 기간이 증가할 수도 있다. 초음파내시경 유도 하 배액은 췌장 가성낭종의 치료 방법 중 하나이며 최근에는 수술 후 발생한 체액 저류 치료에 있어서도 성공적인 사례들이 보고되고 있다. 60세 여성이 한 달 동안 4 kg의 체중감소와 5일 전 부터 발생한 황달을 주소로 내원하였다. 복부 전산화단층 촬영 및 내시경 역행성 담췌관 조영술을 이용한 조직검사를 통하여 총담관암이 진단되어 췌십이지장절제술을 시행하였고 수술 2주째 발열, 복통, 백혈구 증가의 임상증상을 보였다. 진단을 위해 시행한 복부 전산화단층촬영에서 소낭의 위오목에 체액저류가 증가하여 내시경적 배액술을 시행하였고 이후 합병증 없이 증상이 호전되었다. 국내에서는 아직 췌십이지장절제술 후 발생한 체액 저류를 내시 경적 배액으로 치료한 증례가 보고된 바 없기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

The luxury market keeps growing in the global world. Marketing scholars focus on Chinese luxury consumers, because Chinese consumers show different characteristics comparing to foreign consumers. Personal hedonic value cannot be ignored among factors which influence consumers’ purchase intention. After the survey on 128 consumers who have luxury purchasing experience, the study finds out that as the two of three sub-dimensions of hedonic value, self-gifting and self-pleasure can significantly influence luxury perceived value, but self-enrichment has nothing to do with it. Luxury perceived value can directly affect consumers’ purchase intention on luxury products. But this relationship can be negatively moderated by interpersonal effects. At the end, managerial implications and theoretical contributions are discussed.

This paper is a qualitative study which explores perceptions of the ideal wedding dress held by Singaporean brides who choose to skip wedding fairs in their wedding preparaton process. Ten interviews are conducted: 8 with Singaporean brides who do not attend wedding fairs, and 2 with brides who do attend them. Questions to the interview are formulated by first attempting to understand the bride’s perception of the ideal wedding ceremony, and subsequently that of the ideal wedding dress. For the purpose of this paper, the narratives of two brides who do attend wedding shows are included as an attempt to make the study more complete. For example, brides who attend the wedding show might attend with the sole purpose of acquiring information of what is available for consumption in the wedding market, but still hold the same perceptions as the non-attendees. From the results, perceptions of the ideal wedding dress in relation to wedding shows are catagorised as follow: (A) The perception that a wedding dress offered by the wedding show is a bad investment; (B) The perception that the wedding dress available for sale at the wedding show is not “unique”; (C) The rejection of the wedding dress altogether; (D) The rejection of the idea of a “wedding dress package”; (E) Attributes that have nothing to do with perceptions of the ideal wedding dress, such avoiding wedding shows because brides do not like “hard-selling”, or perceiving the wedding show as a “marketing gimmick”. Wedding show organisers can consider these perceptions when planning future communication and sales efforts to appeal to a larger pool of prospective brides.

In the process that leads to the purchase of a product, the consumer, guided by the reasons for which he or she has decided to make the purchase (motivation), seeks information that will be useful in making the best choice, minimising the associated risks (Erdem &Swait, 1998). The literature (Kotler 2003) refers mainly to consumer behaviours founded on rational principles. Indeed, the product is understood as the sum of a number of attributes that enable it to meet the needs that prompted the purchase in the first place. Depending on the weight attributed to each attribute (Fishbein 1967), different market segments are generated, reflecting different consumer behaviours. It therefore becomes indispensable for companies to understand how each potential consumer evaluates a product’s attributes and what role is played in this regard by the brand. Although the behaviour of consumers cannot easily be schematised, given the specific characteristics of each individual, it can be argued that the process of choosing a product depends on the consumer’s preference for either branded or unbranded goods (Hasan et al. 2012, Mohtar & Abbas 2014). The expectations that have developed in the consumer with respect to a brand, with the awareness of the characteristics that it is able to provide, can modify the perception of the attributes and thus the preferences that arise from the evaluation process. The literature confirms the existence of a positive relationship between the brand and the perception of quality that can increase trust in it (Krishnan et al., 1989; Ubilava et al. 2011). For this reason, the objective of the study is to assess the perception of a product’s attributes by two categories of consumers: brand-oriented and non-brand-oriented. The work thus concerns the choice of positioning strategies, which vary precisely in relation to the existence or otherwise of a brand. This was conducted with reference to the Jeans sector, given both its intrinsic characteristics (variety of production, orientation to differentiation, growth in consumption) and the frequent and specific attention paid to it by the managerial literature dealing with consumer purchasing processes (among others, see: Lee, 1990; Park & Lee, 1999; Delong et al.,2002; Vrontis & Vrontis, 2004; Wu, 2005; Wu & Delong, 2006; Jin et al., 2010). The above-mentioned objectives were pursued in accordance with a mixed-method research approach, divided into the following steps: a) an on-desk survey of the managerial literature on the sector in question and an in-depth qualitative investigation (by means of the so-called “laddering” interview technique), both aimed at identifying the purchase attributes of the jeans product; b) compilation of a questionnaire (with a pilot test conducted on 20 consumers) by 600 consumers (non-probabilistic sample) who regularly buy jeans. The data was processed by descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques (using SPSS software) in order to assess the role of the various purchase attributes with reference to the two types of consumer identified. As previously mentioned, the first on-field method of analysis used was of the in-depth, qualitative type (Russell et al. 2004; Philips & Reynolds 2009; Orsingher et al., 2011). It entailed 80 interviews (40 for each of the two categories of consumer, brand-devoted and non-brand-devoted, the number being useful for the goals to pursue as indicated by Reynolds et al., 2001), with the objective of highlighting and analysing the terminal values to which the individual aspires. To this end, we used the so-called “laddering” interview technique, which makes it possible to identify both the content of the three variables being analysed and the causal relations between them. The variables are (Reynolds & Gutman, 1988): the attributes (tangible and intangible), the consequences (functional and psychological benefits) and the values (instrumental and terminal). Specifically the “hard laddering” technique (Botschen & Hemetsberger, 1998) was used, which guides the respondent towards increasingly higher levels of abstraction. The “paper-and-pencil” method was applied, which made it possible to minimise the respondents’ conditioning, allowing them to follow their own cognitive route (Grunert, 1995). The interpretation of the information acquired by these methods made it possible to observe and understand the deep and personal motives that determine the choice of jeans product (see, among others, Orsingher et al. 2011; Fu & Wu, 2013), and thus to gain a more direct and effective understanding of the consumer’s behaviour. Once the attributes that determine the purchase of a pair jeans had been identified, the next step was the creation of the questionnaire with which to perform the sample-based investigation, conducted on 600 consumers1 who regularly purchase jeans. 55% of the sample interviewed were Italian, purchasing 1 to 4 pairs of jeans a year. Specifically, 31% of the sample purchased the product once every three months, while a further 32% purchased it twice a year. 78% were between 18 and 35 years old, while 2 out of 3 were women. With regard to the objectives of the present work, 33% purchased unbranded jeans while 67% were brand-devoted consumers. For measurement of the analysis variables, a normal assessment scale (1 = lowest value; 5 = highest value) was used. Specifically, the SPSS software was used to process the data so as to identify (by means of regression analysis) any correlation between the choice variables. For each of the two categories of consumer a factorial analysis was performed in order to identify factors that were shared by the measured determinants of choice, followed by a cluster analysis. This made it possible to: (a) identify the different role in the consumer choice process of the attributes and the other dimensions of analysis (benefits and values); (b) verify the presence of any differences in the role that the choice variables play in the purchase process among the two different categories of consumer being analysed; and (c) identify any clusters of consumers within each profile (brand-devoted and non-brand-devoted). The main objective was to verify the perception of the product choice variables by the two categories of consumer observed. This consideration is highly important to the choice of communication strategy, for both companies interested in the growth of their Brand Identity and unbranded companies. For the latter, it is the store, particularly the sales personnel, that plays the key role in the purchaser’s choices. It is in this context that non-brand-devoted consumers, verifying the characteristics of the product and its potential benefits, make their choice in consideration of the “desired final state” (values) that that they seek to obtain. In addition, the identification of clusters may enable, for the sector in question, a greater knowledge of the consumer and thus the activation of segmentation strategies and relative competitive positioning.

The number of CT gradually tends to increase, but radiation exposure includes higher exposure dose of patients than other test methods as the rate of 67% in the whole radiology tests. Exposure dose of patients has increased due to it and the second exposure has been done by scattered rays of other organs except for test sites. Especially, special shielding has not been done in gonad which is very sensitive to radiation in brain and chest CT. So this study tries to research the second exposure dose of the gonad and how to shield it in Chest CT which does not include it. It was intended for 20 male adults who are 30 years old and conduct chest CT. SIEMENS’s SOMATOM DEFINITION AS* was used as CT equipment. For the scanning conditions, The tube voltage is 120kv, the tube current is 90mAs, and the slice thickness is 3mm as the general chest CT conditions. CHIYODA TECHNOL CORPORATION’s FGD1000 was used as Glass dosimeter (PLD). A lead pad of 0.25mmPb was produced as the shielding board. For the research method, the shielding rate was compared by measuring exposure dose of the gonad before and after shielding and the usefulness of the shielding board was evaluated. The average exposure dose of symphysis pubica before shielding was 280.5μGy and the average exposure dose of coccyx was measured as 151.5μGy. The average exposure dose of symphysis pubica after shielding the gonad with a lead pad of 0.25mmPb was 42μGy and the average exposure dose of coccyx was measured as 41μGy.

This research analyzes the effects of competitive advertising in women’s magazines on the consumer using an experiment. In addition to replicating adverse interference effects of competitive advertising on memory in a real-world media environment, this study demonstrates that it also induces an increased product category desire for the advertised product category.

The author invites attendees of the Special Session on Film Making for Marketing Research and Communication to have a critical look at the short history of film making in the marketing discipline and foresee its future. There are two perspectives for this discussion: one is a broad overview of film making for consumer behavior research, and the second is the personal reflection of the author who first engaged in film making nine years ago. Film making as a research approach in the academic areas of marketing and consumer behavior is just beginning its early “teenage” years. It counts its formal age from the time it obtained legitimacy when the first Film Festival took place at the Association for Consumer Research Conference in Atlanta, USA, in 2002. Since then, the Film Festival has become an integral part of this major conference that draws together a global academic audience of consumer researchers. In fact, film festivals are now included in the European, Asia-Pacific, and Latin American ACR conferences, and as of 2012, there were more than 125 films accepted into the various ACR Film Festivals (Belk and Kozinets 2012). The current number of accepted films probably exceeds 150, which demonstrates growing interest in film making in the academic discipline of marketing. Russell W. Belk and Robert V. Kozinets,“founding fathers” of the ACR Film Festivals have become instrumental in developing guidance and academic criteria for the novel research approach of videography. Films are expected to be topical, theatrical, theoretical, and technical. That means that 1) the topic under visual investigation should relate to consumer research; 2) the film should flow in a dramatic and engaging way; 3) a theoretical perspective and contribution should be evident; and 4) the film should have good production values (Belk and Kozinets 2012). The author, who started making films without prior expertise after attending a workshop, has since produced four videographies of various lengths and levels of mastery. They have been presented at conferences globally, one was published in a special multi-media issue of an academic journal, two have earned academic awards, and all of them have found use in the classroom. Topic-wise, the films related to consumer research by exploring happiness (“Finding Harmony in the Jungle”), the role of narratives on food product packaging (“It All Began with a Kiss, or When Packaging Sells a Country”), the transformational power of street language (“Red Bull on the Roof of the World or From Landscape into Servicescape”), and the Easternization of the West (“Yoga and Fashion”). The videographies were filmed in Belize, Italy, England, Indonesia (Bali) and China (Tibet). The film making process for the author has been rewarding because of the creative potential that comes with videography and the use of visual channels of communication for academic purposes. Challenges include making sure the films have the necessary rigor to qualify as academic work.

본 연구는 코칭이 청소년의 자아존중감 향상과 학교생활 적응에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위해 1:1 코칭으로 진행되었으며, 학습은 물론 무기력과 지각, 결석 등의 잦은 부적의 현상을 나타내고 있는 학교 현장 청소년을 대상으로 연구대상은 경기도 Y시에 소재하는 H인문계 고등학교 1,2학년 33명을 대상으로 학교의 추천과 대상학생의 신청을 통해 선발하였다. 대상학생들은 학교와 학부모의 동의를 얻어 주 1회 50분씩 4회기 동안 코칭 전의 자기 진단을 통해 1:1코칭을 실시하였으며, 코칭 후의 자가진단으로 대상학생의 코칭 전과 후의 가치변화를 확인하여 코칭 실시 전 후의 자아존중감의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 학교생활 적용에 있어 1:1코칭을 통한 이들의 변화 가능성에 대한 유의미한 결과에 대해 알아보고 그에 따른 코칭의 효과를 학교생활 적응을 향상시킬 수 있는 가치 있는 도구로서의 정보를 제공하고자하였다.나아가 검사도구인 d-test를 실시한 결과, 프로그램 실시 후 유의미한 향상의 효과는 1: 1 코칭이 부적응 청소년들에게 자아존중감 향상에 유의미한 효과가 있음을 검증할 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 학교나 평생교육원, 사회복지실천현장에서 부적응 청소년들을 대상으로 코칭 보급화에 대한 가능성과 본 연구의 한계와 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하고자하였다.