대규모 지진에 대한 원전의 안전성을 확보하는 방안으로 기존 원전 구조물에 면진장치를 설치하는 방안이 도입되고 있다. 면진장치를 설치함으로써 상부구조와 지반의 거동을 격리시킬 수 있고, 구조물 자체의 고유주기가 길어지게 되는데, 이를 통해 지진하중에 대한 구조물의 응답을 감소시킬 수 있게 된다. 특히 원전구조물 설계 시 원전구조물 자체뿐만 아니라 원전 내부 기기에 대한 안전성 확보가 필수적이다. 이를 위해 특정 층에 위치한 기기의 설계를 위해 각 층의 최대 요구 응답을 나타내는 층응답스펙트럼이 일반적으로 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 원전 구조물의 지진해석을 통해 특정 층의 층응답스펙트럼을 평가하고, 면진 장치의 거동 특성중 하나인 2차 경화에 대한 영향 또한 평가하였다.

In the companion papers (I, II), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites and a new site classification system and design response spectra (DRS) were proposed using the results of the site-specific response analyses. In this paper, the proposed site classification system and the design response spectra are compared with those in other seismic codes and verified by different methods. Firstly, the design response spectra are compared with the design response spectra in Eurocode 8, KBC 2016 and MOCT 1997 to estimate quantitative differences and general trends. Secondly, site-specific response analyses are carried out using VS-profiles obtained using field seismic tests and the results are compared with the proposed DRS in order to reduce the uncertainty in using the SPT-N value in site-specific response analyses in the companion paper (I). In addition, site coefficients from real earthquake records measured in Korean peninsula are used to compare with the proposed site coefficients. Finally, dynamic centrifuge tests are also performed to simulate the representative Korean site conditions, such as shallow depth to bedrock and short-period amplification characteristics. The overall results showed that the proposed site classification system and design response spectra reasonably represented the site amplification characteristic of shallow bedrock condition in Korea.

In the companion paper (I – Database and Site Response Analyses), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites. In this study, a new site classification system and design response spectra are proposed using results of the site-specific response analyses. Depth to bedrock (H) and average shear wave velocity of soil above the bedrock (VS,Soil) were adopted as parameters to classify the sites into sub-categories because these two factors mostly affect site amplification, especially for shallow bedrock region. The 20 m of depth to bedrock was selected as the initial parameter for site classification based on the trend of site coefficients obtained from the site-specific response analyses. The sites having less than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H1 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes using 260 m/s of VS,Soil while the sites having greater than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H2 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes at VS,Soil equal to 180 m/s. The integration interval of 0.4 ~ 1.5 sec period range was adopted to calculate the long-period site coefficients (Fv) for reflecting the amplification characteristics of Korean geological condition. In addition, the frequency distribution of depth to bedrock reported for Korean sites was also considered in calculating the site coefficients for H2 sites to incorporate sites having greater than 30 m of depth to bedrock. The relationships between the site coefficients and rock shaking intensity were proposed and then subsequently compared with the site coefficients of similar site classes suggested in other codes.

Korea is part of a region of low to moderate seismicity located inside the Eurasian plate with bedrock located at depths less than 30 m. However, the spectral acceleration obtained from site response analyses based on the geologic conditions of inland areas of the Korean peninsula are significantly different from the current Korean seismic code. Therefore, suitable site classification scheme and design response spectra based on local site conditions in the Korean peninsula are required to produce reliable estimates of earthquake ground motion. In this study, site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 sites with at least 100 sites at each site categories of SC, SD, and SE as defined in the current seismic code in Korea. The process of creating a huge database of input parameters - such as shear wave velocity profiles, normalized shear modulus reduction curves, damping curves, and input earthquake motions - for site response analyses were described. The response spectra and site coefficients obtained from site response analyses were compared with those proposed for the site categories in the current code. Problems with the current seismic design code were subsequently discussed, and the development and verifications of new site classification system and corresponding design response spectra are detailed in companion papers (II-development of new site categories and design response spectra and III-Verifications)

최근 미국 노스리지 지진(1994)과 일본 고베 지진(1995) 발생 이후 다양한 구조물 및 건축물을 설계할 때 성능 기반 설계 개념이 적극적으로 도입되고 있다. 성능기반 설계가 도입되면서 구조물 각각의 성능에 적합한 연발생빈도의 등재해도 스펙트럼이 요구되고 있다. 10 인의 지진 및 지체구조 전문가가 제시한 국내 및 미국 중동부에서 개발된 스 펙트럴 지반진동 감쇠식과 다수의 지진지체구조구 모델을 사용하였다. 인구 밀도가 높은 5개 주요 도시에 대해 확률론 적 방법을 이용하여 등지진재해도 스펙트럼을 분석하였다. 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 Hz 및 PGA에 대해 확률론적 지진재 해도 결과를 이용하여 500년, 1,000년 및 2,500년의 3개 재현주기에 대해 등재해도 스펙트럼을 분석하였다. 민감도 분석 결과 각각의 고유 진동수에 해당하는 지반진동 감쇠식이 지진지체구조구 모델에 비하여 지진재해도에 보다 커다란 영향을 주었다. 마지막으로 등재해도 스펙트럼은 공통적으로 10 Hz에서 최대값을 보여 주었고, 원자력 관련 기술기준 또는 기존 연구에서 제시된 등지진재해도 스펙트럼과 수준과 모앙 특성에서 유사성을 보여주었다.

This study describes the seismic performance evaluation of bridge structures located in Daegu. Structure design criteria focuses on the collapse or brittle fracture of the bridges when the earthquake situation is given. Thus, this study describes the seismic safety evaluation based on the design of a spectrum of ASCE-7 KBC2009 of the United States, South Korea architectural structure was based on using 3D linear elastic finite element model using the ABAQUS platform bridges. If the target structure was found to be vulnerable to tensile stress than compressive stress appeared to be a case of displacement Z-axis displacement is dominant.

CdO와 황의 사용량을 달리하며 콜로이드상태의 CdS 양자점 물질을 합성하였다. 얻어진 물질의 흡 수 및 발광스텍트럼으로 볼 때 약 1:3의 몰비 이하에서는 사용량에 관계없이 동일한 모습을 나타내었으며 이 로부터 반응물질의 사용량 비율에 관계없이 약 3.6nm 크기의 동일한 양자점 입자가 만들어짐을 확인할 수 있 었다. 1:9의 반응비율에서는 의미있는 흡수스펙트럼을 얻을 수 없었으며 발광스펙트럼의 모양도 매우 달라 앞 의 경우와 동일한 물질의 형성이 있다고 보기 어려웠다. 이로부터 CdS 콜로이드 양자점 물질의 합성은 반응 물질의 사용량에 크게 의존하지 않으며 그 비율이 너무 큰 경우에는 반응 자체가 달라질 수 있음을 볼 수 있 다.

HMDS를 리간드로 하는 PbS 콜로이드 양자점 물질을 만들었다. 양자점 물질의 전자광학적 밴드갭 의 크기는 UV/VIS과 IR 스펙트럼을 측정하여 알아낼 수 있었다. PbS 콜로이드 양자점 물질을 합성할 때 만 들어 지는 입자의 크기를 조절하기 위하여 반응온도를 100~160℃ 사이에서 변화시켰으며 이에 따라 흡수스펙 트럼의 피크위치에 변화가 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다. HOMO와 LUMO 사이에 해당하는 밴드갭은 800~1200nm 에서의 피크 위치변화를 보였으며 피크위치의 변화량은 반응물질을 섞었을 때 반응용기 온도에 선형적으로 변화하는 관계를 얻을 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 FT-IR 스펙트럼데이터의 다변량 통계분석 기법을 활용하여 인도수집 옥수수 계통 및 품종으로부터 단백질 함량이 높은 옥수수를 신속하게 선발할 수 있는 선발체계를 확립함과 동시에 lysine과 tryptophan의 함량분석을 목적으로 연구를 수행하였다. 총 48시료의 인도수집 옥수수 계통 및 품종과 국내산 품종을 이용하여 종자로부터 FT-IR 스펙트럼을 조사하였으며, 무작위로 선발된 24시 료를 대상으로 총 단백질 함량을 조사하였다. 대조구로 사용한 광평옥 모계(GPO1)의 경우 단백질 함량 이 9.34 ± 0.3mg/g dw인데 비하여 H4 계통의 경우 단백질 함량이 10.26 ± 0.5mg/g dw로 48개 옥 수수 시료 중에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 특히 옥수수 H4, H6, H11, 그리고 H12 계통의 경우 총 단백질 함량이 각각 10mg/g dw 이상으로 측정되어 광평옥 모계(9.34mg/g dw)와 부계(9.36mg/g dw) 및 이 들의 F1(9.14mg/g dw)보다 총 단백질 함량이 높은 계통으로 판명되었다. Cross-validation test에서 옥수수 종자 내 총 단백질 함량예측 PLS regression model의 regression coefficient(R2) 는 0.77로 비교적 정확하게 총 단백질 함량예측이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 PLS regression model을 이용하여 단백질 함량이 높은 사일리지 옥수수 계통의 선발이 가능할 것으로 기대되며, 더 나아가 다양 한 옥수수 계통의 신속한 대사체 수준 평가가 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

This study is the sequel of a companion paper (I. Algorithm) for assessment of the seismic performance evaluation of structure using ground motions selected by the proposed algorithm. To evaluate the effect of the correlation structures of selected ground motions on the seismic responses of a structure, three sets of ground motions are selected with and without consideration of the correlation structure. Nonlinear response history analyses of a 20-story reinforced concrete frame are conducted using the three sets of ground motions. This study shows that the seismic responses of the frames vary according to ground motion selection and correlation structures.

It is important to select an accurate set of ground motions when conducting linear and nonlinear response history analyses of structures. This study proposes a method for selecting ground motions from a ground motion library with response spectra that match the target response spectrum mean, variance and correlation structures. This study also has addressed the determination of an appropriate value for the weight factor of a correlation structure. The proposed method is conceptually simple and straightforward, and does not involve a simulation algorithm. In this method, a desired number of ground motions are sequentially selected from first to last. The proposed method can be also used for selecting ground motions with response spectra that match the conditional spectrum. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed procedure are verified with numerical examples.

Objective : The purpose of this study is to conduct parent education about autism spectrum disorders with sensory modulation disorder and coping skills for parents to nurture. After parental education participation to verify the effects of parenting stress and parenting efficacy.Methods : The study subjects were conducted with mothers Gwangju and Jeonju 20 people twice a week to target a total of seven sessions of four weeks. Research tools to measure the effectiveness of parent education parenting stress (Korean-Parenting Stress Index; K-PSI) and parenting efficacy (Parenting Sense of Competence; PSOC) was used for tests. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 18.0.Results : After a parent education parenting stress was statistically significantly decreased in all categories (p<.001). Influence on the child area has shown that most parenting stress the ‘reinforce parent’ impact on the parent area parenting stress is ‘attachment’ appeared to be the largest of its kind. Parenting Efficacy was also statistically significantly improved in all categories (p<.001).Conclusion : In this study, conducted by a parent education program have reduced parenting stress of mothers to nurture and was confirmed to be effective in promoting parenting efficacy.

현재 사용되고 있는 대부분의 풍진동해석법은 진동수영역의 스펙트럼 해석법에 기초하고 있다. 스펙트럼해석법은 하중 및 응답의 위상각을 무시하게 되며 그에 따라 병진방향 및 비틀림 방향의 모드 응답조합이 어려워질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 일반화 밑면 모멘트 스펙트럼밀도함수로부터 재생된 풍하중 시간이력을 이용하여 병진, 비틀림 방향이 연계된 구조물의 응답을 해석하는 시간이력 해석법에 대해서 다룬다. 제시된 시간이력 해석법의 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 직사각형 평면을 가지는 40층 규모의 구조물을 대상으 로 해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석결과에 의하면, 시간이력해석법에 의하여 질량중심으로부터 멀리 떨어진 곳의 비틀림 모드에 의한 응답특성을 파악할 수 있었으며, 병진방향과 비틀림방향 모드 응답의 조합에 의하여 보다 정확한 응답예측이 가능한 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 해석된 응답을 이용하여 사용성능 및 처짐 성능평가를 수행할 수 있기 때문에 예비설계 단계에서 보다 정밀한 내풍 성능평가가 가능한 것을 알 수 있었다.

Response spectra of a building are made with a SDOF system taking into account a first mode shape, even though higher modes may affect on the dynamic responses of a high-rise building. A soft soil layer under a building also affects on the responses of a building. In this study, seismic responses of a MDOF system were investigated to examine the effects of higher modes on the response of a tall building by comparing them with those of a SDOF system including the kinematic interaction effect. Study was performed using a pseudo 3D finite element program with seven bedrock earthquake records downloaded from the PEER database. Effects of higher modes on the seismic responses of a tall building were investigated for base shear force and base moment of a MDOF system including story shear forces and story moments. Study results show that higher modes of a MDOF system contribute to a reduction of base shear force up to 1/4-1/5 of KBC and base moment. The effect of higher modes is more significant on the base shear force than on the base moment. Maximum story shear force and moment occurred at the top part of a building rather than at a base in the cases of tall buildings differently from short buildings, and higher modes of a tall building affected on the base forces making them almost constant at the base. A soft soil layer also affects some on the base shear force of a high-rise building independently on the soft soil type, but a soft soil effect is prominent on the base moment.

This study presents the design and implementation of a structural health monitoring system based on acceleration measurements which used to observe and investigate the structural performance of the administration building in Seoul National University of Education during an earthquake event. The frequency and spectrum are analyzed to assess the building performance during an earthquake shaking which took place on March 31st, 2014. The results indicate that : the vibration of the roof is more clear and dominant during the shaking, and the response of building during earthquake is so small and safe.

The characteristics of aquatic light fields are generally reflected in the visual systems of fishes inhabiting them. Therefore, research on light sensitivity of fish is useful to explain the correlation between the visual function and habitat, behavior and distribution of fish. Rockfish is an important species in coastal ecology and also one of the main species for culturing in Korea. To make a contribution on the maintenance of the fish resources and understanding the ecology of the rockfish, the visual spectral sensitivities of the dark-adapted rockfishes were measured in the range of visible light (405~660 nm) using a light source of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In order to assess electrophysiological response of the fish, the ERGs (electroretinograms) of the dark-adapted rockfishes were recorded on a data logger (12 bits) and a laptop computer. Juvenile (n=5; weight: 20.3±5.2 g; total length: 10.3±0.7 cm) and adult (n=5; weight: 87.8±21.8 g; total length: 18.1±1.3 cm) rockfishes were used in experiment. The visual threshold of juvenile and adult rockfish were 11.66 (log quanta/cm2/s) and 11.81 (log quanta/cm²/s) in 574 nm, respectively. The peak wavelength of the spectral sensitivity in the dark-adapted juvenile and adult rockfish was commonly 551 nm (series of green color). Collectively, these results demonstrate that the rockfish has suitable visual capabilities for inhabiting coastal water in Korea.

본 논문에서는 질점계 비선형 지진응답해석을 통한 역량스펙트럼 도출방법을 소개한다. 일반적인 건축물의 손상도 평가는 비선형 등가정적해석(Push-over Analysis)을 통하여 건축물의 역량스펙트럼을 도출하고, 역량스펙트럼과 요구스펙트럼의 교차점을 성능점으로 평가하고 있다. 등가정적해석은 지진의 영향을 등가의 정적하중으로 환산한 후 이를 이용하여 정적해석을 수행함으로써 구조물의 지진에 의한 거동을 예측하는 방법이다. 이 방법은 고차모드 및 층별 동특성의 영향을 고려할 수 없다. 따라서 건축물의 동특성이 반영된 역량스펙트럼을 산출하기 위하여 질점계 비선형 지진응답해석을 진행하여 건축물의 역량 스펙트럼을 제안하고자 한다.