산업곤충육성법 시행에 따라 국내 곤충사육 농가는 증가하고 있으며 이로 인해 곤충 종의 무분별한 이용 및 활용이 늘어가는 상황이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현재 산업곤충의 위해 여부에 대한 과학적인 평가시스템이 전무하다. 3차년도 과제로 설계된 본 연구는 산업곤충 위해성평가지침을 개발하는데 그 목적이 있으며 이를 위해 국내･외 산업곤충 위해성 평가사례를 분석하고 산업곤충의 위해성 평가지표 잠정안을 도출을 계획하고 있다. 이후 개발된 위해성 평가지표의 적용성을 분석･보완하여 위해성평가 가이드라인의 제공을 최종목표로 하고 있다. 위해성 평가 단계는 위해성요인분석, 위해성평가, 위해성관리, 이해당사자협의 등의 절차로 구분할 수 있다. 이 중 위해성평가 단계는 생태학적 체제에 있어서 요소별 항목에 대한 평가와 단계별 접근에 의한 평가로 이원화하여 실시하고, 각각에 대한 평가 실시 후 영향의 정도에 따른 우선순위를 설정할 수 있도록 함으로써 도입의 가부를 결정하는 내용을 포함하여야 한다. 본 심포지움에서는 국내의 외래종 관리 현황 및 외국(호주, 영국, 일본, 중국, 벨기에, 독일･오스트리아, 아일랜드, 노르웨이, 미국)의 위해성 평가체계에 대한 분석내용을 중심으로 국내 위해성 평가지표 잠정안 도출의 방향성을 논의하고자 한다. 산업곤충의 위해성평가 기초기반의 조성은 자연생태계에 미치는 영향에 대한 과학적인 진단평가 체계를 완성하고, 이는 환경･경제･사회적 비용의 절감에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

산업곤충의 도입 및 관리체계에 있어 사전예방적 조치가 비용효과적임에도 불구하고 차단격리 시설의 미비 등 이들 외래 유해 곤충종들의 유입을 효과적으로 예방하는 체제를 갖추지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 현재 우리나라는 산업곤충의 정확한 범주에 따른 관리시설의 설치규정안과 그에 따른 설치시설이 전무함에 따라 ACLs과 같은 외국의 절지동물 격리시설의 기준안과 우리의 연구시설 등을 포함한 격리 시설에 적용 가능한 기준안을 검토해 보았다. 1차적으로 산업곤충의 유형을 특성에 맞게 구분해 보았으며 유형에 따른 설치안과 더불어 시설설치 기준안에 필요한 구성요소들을 살펴보았다. 또한, 주로 실험동물을 대상으로 한 LMO 연구시설의 설치 및 운영 세부항목들을 포함하여 금번 연구 분석 자료를 바탕으로 위해성 곤충류의 격리에 필요한 시설의 설치와 운영기준을 고찰해보고자 하였다.

산업곤충의 위해성 평가를 위한 우리나라의 법과 제도를 개선하기 위하여, 국내외 법과 제도 및 국제동향을 검토하고 평가하였다. ｢곤충산업의 육성 및 지원에 관한 법률｣의 대상인 산업곤충의 대부분은 외래종에 해당한다. 특히 이들 외래종의 일부는 생태계를 교란시키는 침입 외래종(Invasive Alien Species, IAS) 일 수 있으며, 생물다양성 보전을 위협하고 농업･임업･어업과 인간의 경제활동에까지 큰 피해를 야기할 수 있다. 생물다양성협약(Convention on Biological Diversity, CBD)과 국제식물보호협약(International Plant Protection Convention, IPPC)을 포함하는 국제협약에서는 침입 외래종 도입을 사전에 방지하고, 이미 도입된 침입 외래종의 퇴치 및 방제를 강조하고 있다. 미국, 호주 등의 선진국은 침입 외래종의 도입과 방제를 위하여 정부차원의 통합관리체계를 구축하여 관련 부처간의 협력체계를 유지하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우에도 침입 외래종에 대한 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 기존의 여러 법과 정부 부처에서 외래종 문제를 다루고 있다. 그럼에도 ｢곤충산업의 육성 및 지원에 관한 법률｣의 제정 및 이로 인한 외래곤충의 산업적 이용에 의해 야기될 수 있는 생태계 교란 가능성을 방제할 수 있는 국내의 법과 제도는 미흡한 실정이다. 국내 산업곤충 위해성 평가 및 외래종 관련 여러 법과 제도는 곤충을 산업적으로 이용하고자 하는 신청인(또는 기업)이 해당 곤충을 국내의 새로운 서식지로 도입하고, 방출하여 산업적인 목적으로 활용하고자 하는 절차 및 위해성 평가방법 등이 명시되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 곤충을 새로운 서식지에 도입하고 산업적으로 활용하기 위한 국내 관련 법･제도를 검토하였으며, 이에 대한 선진국의 위해성 평가 체계와 비교･분석하였고, 국내 산업곤충 위해성 평가 및 관리와 산업적 활용을 위한 법･제도를 논의하고 있다.

The aim of this study was to calculate the health risks which children were exposed to trace metals through several pathways including air, floor dust, wipe and hand wipes in elementary-schools and academies. The samples were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 46 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods. The lifetime Excess Cancer Risks (ECRs) were estimated for carcinogen trace elements such as As, Cd, and Cr. For carcinogens, the Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding Cancer Potency Factor (CPF) and Age Dependent Adjust Factor (ADAF) of the data of adults. Hazard Quotients (HQs) were estimated for the non-carcinogens trace metals like Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb. The average ECRs for young children were 1×10^-9~1×10^-8 (50%th percentile) level in all facilities. Non-carcinogens did not exceed 0.1 for all subjects in all facilities. For trace metals their risk based on health risk assessment was also observed to be acceptable.

새로운 환경으로 외래생물이 침입할 경우, 침입 생태계에서 큰 피해를 입히게 되 는 경우는 대개 “10% 규칙 (ten rule)”을 따른다. 침입 생물 중 10%가 정착하게 되 고, 정착하더라도 10%가 유해생물로써 생태계에 피해를 입힌다. 그러나 인위적인 도입의 경우, 국내 환경에 정착하게 될 가능성은 더 높아진다. 최근 생물적 방제를 비롯한 다양한 곤충 산업에서 외래 곤충류 도입에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 비단 외래생물 뿐 아니라 토착곤충의 경우 역시 인위적인 생산의 증가는 생태환경에 새 로운 위해요소가 될 수 있다. 유용곤충에 대한 생태환경 위해성 평가는 식물검역적 차원에서 일부 이루어지고 있으나, 전방위적인 생물안보 차원에서는 이루어지지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 식물검역에서 이루어지고 있는 천적의 위험평가 기법 을 소개하고, 산업용 곤충 및 LMO 곤충 등에 대한 생태위해성의 사례를 통해 곤충 생태환경 위해성 평가의 논의점을 제시한다.

Spills of M/V Hebei Spirit on 7th December 2007 caused a seriously damage to the ecosystem of Korean coast. Of these, microbial communities (i.e., attached benthic micro-algae) were reported to be sentive to the environmental change so it can be used for ecological risk assessment. Our experiment was designed to examine the ecological risk assessments for oil pollutant using benthic attached algal community on the artificial substrates of acrylic plates. Field monitoring in the culture system was conducted in Jangmok Bay. The abundances of attached micro-algae on artificial substrates gradually increased with increasing of sampling times. Among them, diatoms were the most important colonizer of coastal water, with the genera Cylindrotheca and Navicular most abundant. In particular, developed the culture system has correctly measured qualitative and quantitative abundance of attached micro-algae because same acrylic plates as artificial substrates were used. Thus, this culture system may be directly applied to the ecological risk experiments of microbial community structure from oil pollutants.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health risk and management of childhood exposure to indoor aldehydes in elementary-schools and academies. The samples were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 46 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods. The overall mean concentration of formaldehyde was 68.3 ㎍ /m³ and 27.2% of exceeded the 100 ㎍/m³ by the school health guideline. The concentration ratio of Indoor air and outdoor air (I/O) of aldehydes exceeds 1.0. The level of indoor air contamination did appear to be high, and 24.6% of the academies evaluated had exceeded the formaldehyde level specified by the public health act (120㎍ /m³). We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of formaldehyde, and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens (acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde). In addition, for carcinogens, the excess cancer risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding cancer potency factor (CPF) and age dependent adjust Factor (ADAF) of the data of adults. The average ECRs of formaldehyde for young children were 1×10^-6~1×10^-5 level in all facilities. HQs of formaldehyde did exceed 0.1 for all subjects in elementary school.

해충저항성 Bt벼와 낙동벼의 미꾸리(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) 와 잉어(Cyprinus carpio)에 대한 급성독성시험을 실시한 결과 48시간 및 96시간-LC50은 1,000mg/L 이상으로 나타났다. 48시간 및 96시간 무영향농도(NOEC)는 1,000mg/L이었다. 급성독성 시험기간 중 해충저항성 Bt벼와 낙동벼간의 pH, DO, 수온, 체중 및 전장에 대한 유의적인 결과는 나타나지 않았다.

This study was conducted to develop an appropriate management for safety of children snacks. In this study, monitorings of food additives such as four kinds of sweeteners (sodium saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose) which are sold in children snacks at stationary store around the school were performed. 92 samples (34 ice cakes, 52 beverages and 6 candies) were analyzed for sweeteners. Contents of 4 kinds of sweeteners in ice cakes, beverages and candies were 0.41, 0.47, 0.00 mg/kg for sodium saccharin, 0.00, 20.54, 197.09 mg/kg for aspartame,0.00, 28.10, 0.00 mg/kg for acesulfame potassium, 9.99, 1.40, 0.00 mg/kg for sucralose. Results of risk assessment for sweeteners were expressed as EDI (Estimated Daily Intake) comparing with ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake). The ratio of high risk group for sweeteners intake (95th) were 0~2.66%. The results of this study indicated that each EDI of four kinds of sweeteners sold at stationary stores around the school is much lower than each ADI in general. Consequently, the children snacks are thought to be safe for consumption.

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk on exposure to volatile organic compounds This study was assessed the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure in young children at elementary-schools and academies in Korea. The samples were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 42 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods, and analyzed by GC-MSD. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of benzene and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene. In addition, for carcinogens, the excess cancer risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding cancer potency factor (CPF) and age dependent adjust Factor (ADAF) from the data in adults. The average ECRs of benzene for young children were 1×10^-7~1×10^-9 level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities.

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk on exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde of worker and user at public facilities in Korea. We measured the concentrations of formaldehyde and VOCs in indoor air at 160 public buildings that 5 kinds of public facilities (30 hotel, 30 fitness center, 25 gosiwon, 30 reading-room and 45 video-room) all over the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and risks with averages of the using-time and frequency for facility users and office workers, respectively. Carcinogens (benzene and formaldehyde) were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs). Non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) were estimated the hazard quotients (HQs). HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities. Higher HQs of toluene were observed at the reading-room. The average ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene for facility worker and user were 1×10^-4~1×10^-6 level in all facilities. The estimated ECRs for reading-room were the highest and the fitness center and gosiwon were the next higher facilities. Because lifetime ECRs of carcinogens exceeded 1×10^-4 for facility worker in the most facilities, risk management of formaldehyde and benzene in the facilities was necessary. IAQ guidelines should be determined strictly to prevent occurrence of disease caused by poor IAQ beforehand.

This study assessed the health risk of trace elements in indoor children-facilities by multi-pathway measurements (Air, Dust, Wipe, Hand washing). The samples of indoor place were collected at various children's facilities (40 day-care houses, 42 child-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007) and winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) periods, and analyzed by ICP-MS. The lifetime Excess Cancer Risks (ECRs) were estimated for carcinogen trace elements such as As, Cd, Cr and Ni. For carcinogens, the Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding Cancer Potency Factor (CPF) and Age Dependent Adjust Factor (ADAF) of the data of adults. Both Hazard Quotients (HQs) and Hazard Index (HI) were estimated for the non-carcinogens and children sensitivity trace elements like Cd, Cu, and Cr. The average ECRs for young children were 1×10^-10~1×10^-6 (50%th percentile) level in all facilities. Non-carcinogens and Children's sensitivity materials did not exceed 1.0 (HQs, HI) for all subjects in all facilities. For trace elements their detection rates through multi-pathways were not high and their risk based on health risk assessment was also observed to be acceptable. In addition, through education on the risk of multi-pathway exposure of trace elements for managers of facilities as well as for users the risk control of exposure of children.

This study was performed to investigate the concentration of indoor aldehydes in children’s facilities. The samples were collected from various children's facilities (40 playrooms, 42 day-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007), winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) and spring (Mar~Apr, 2008). The ratio of Indoor and outdoor (I/O) of aldehydes exceeds 1.0 and the formaldehyde levels in each child-care facilities were significantly different. We evaluated the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of young children due to indoor aldehyde exposure. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens (benzaldehyde and formaldehyde). Formaldehyde was evaluated for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. The average ECRs of formaldehyde for young children were 1×10^-4~1×10^-5 level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities.

The risk assessment for heavy metal pollutions were analyzed by using statistical techniques including correlation and cluster analyses. The contamination data in this investigation obtained were from the Chungcheongnam-do abandoned mines. The descriptive statistical analysis showed that the values of Pb and Zn were relatively higher than other heavy metal values. The detection of heavy metals by distance from abandoned mines within 1,000m were mostly As, Cd, Pb, and Zn. It was noted, especially, that Zn was even detected at 4,000m The results of coefficient correlation showed that Zn to Cd was the highest values. The cluster and dendogram analyses were generated. The results showed the two clear groups by heavy metal characteristics.

This study was to assess the health risk of VOCs in indoor air under uncontrolled Korean-IAQ regulation. We measured the concentrations of formaldehyde and 5 VOCs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) in indoor air at 232 public buildings for four kinds of public facility (32 wedding halls, 17 Gymnasiums, 20 Galleries, and 166 Welfare facilities) around the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and health risk used average time and frequencies of questionaries for subjects such as facility users and office workers. There were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risk (ECR) for carcinogens (formaldehyde and benzene) and hazard quotient (HQ) for non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene). For the facility user, the average levels of ECRs were 10-4∼10-5 and 10-5 ∼10-6, respectively, for formaldehyde and benzene in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens were not exceeded 1.0 in all facilities and subjects. In addition, there was showed the highest ECR in the smoking facility.

제초제 alachlor에 대한 송사리 및 지렁이 독성시험을 실시하고 국내 잔류실태조사 결과를 바탕으로 생태 위해성평가를 실시하였다. 송사리 독성시험 결과, 96시간 LC50는 1.8 mg L-1이었으며, 수정란을 사용한 초기생장단계 독성시험에서는 부화율에 대한 NOEC가 100 μg L-1으로 나타났다. 한편, 지렁이 급성독성시험에서 LC50(14일)는 94.1 mg kg-1, NOEC는

For indoor air quality at a newly built apartment before move-in, we monitored formaldehyde and VOCs and assessed human exposure and probabilistic health risk. We selected 801 newly built apartments all over the country. The results of the research on the condition show the mean concentrations of formaldehyde 294 ㎍/㎥, 210(median) 1497㎍/㎥(maximum), benzene 6㎍/㎥, (4 and 92㎍/㎥), toluene 1003㎍/㎥(773 and 5013 ㎍/㎥), ethylbenzene 120㎍/㎥, (62 and 1192㎍/㎥), xylene 287㎍/㎥(138 and 2723㎍/㎥) and styrene 64㎍/㎥, (42 and 531㎍/㎥). Formaldehyde from carcinogen and toluene and xylene from non-carcinogen were assessed the risk for human health. The excess cancer risk of formaldehyde for human beings between carcinogens is per 1.36 of average 1000 persons. This implies that it is over a level per 1.00 of 1000 persons demanding active risk reduction. Hence, we strongly need the active reduction plan and accurate source assumption. Among a variety of factors affecting indoor air quality for householders, closing construction or density of indoor air processing additional interior construction and indoor area, indoor air quality with a variety of districts show significant. The excess cancer risk for human beings of formaldehyde between carcinogens is per 1.36 of average 1000 persons. Non-carcinogen toxicity rate for human-beings with toluene and xylene among non-carcinogens is over HQ 1 from Seoul to local area.