Crushed, depitted peach stones were impregnated activated with 50% H3PO4 followed by pyrolysis at 500℃. Two activated carbons were produced, one under its own evolved gases during pyrolysis, and the second conducted with air flow throughout the carbonization stage. Physicochemical properties were investigated by several procedures; carbon yield, ash content, elemental chemical analysis, TG/DTG and FTIR spectra. Porosity characteristics were determined by the conventional N2 adsorption at 77 K, and data analyzed to get the major texture parameters of surface area and pore volume. Highly developed activated carbons were obtained, essentially microporous, with slight effect of air on the porous structure. Oxygen was observed to be markedly incorporated in the carbon matrix during the air treatment process. Cation exchange capacity towards Cu (II) and Cd (II) was tested in batch single ion experimental mode, which proved to be slow and a function of carbon dose, time and initial ion concentration. Copper was up taken more favorably than cadmium, under same conditions, and adsorption of both cations was remarkably enhanced as a consequence of the air treatment procedure. Sequestration of the metal ions was explained on basis of the combined effect of the oxygen functional groups and the phosphorous-containing compounds; both contributing to the total surface acidity character.

Traumatic eosinophilic granuloma(TEG) of the oral mucosa is considered to be a reactive benign condition. Histology revealed diffuse mixed infiltration of eosinophil and atypical mononuclear cells. We have described an additional case of TEG simulating oral malignany where immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of CD30+ large atypical cells. The CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder(LPD) of oral mucosa, although rare, has also been described. In this case, there was scattered distribution of CD30+ cells. After the incisional biopsy, the remainder of oral lesion got disappeared progressively and there is no sign of recurrence. We believe that this case could be a reactive rather than neoplastic process, and it has been suggested that a subset of TEG could be included within the spectrum of CD30+ LPDs. Therefore, oral surgeon and pathologists’ awareness of this condition will reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis and inappropriate aggressive treatment for this benign, self-limiting lesion.

Oxidized activated carbons were prepared by reacting steam-activated carbon developed from pecan shells with nitric acid of varying strength (15, 30, 45 and 60%). The textural properties and the chemistry of the surface of the non-oxidized and of the oxidized carbons were determined from nitrogen adsorption and base neutralization capacities. The uptake of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by these carbons was determined by kinetic and equilibrium experiments as well as by the column method. Treatment with nitric acid brought about drastic decrease in surface area and remarkable increase in the pore size of the carbon with these changes depending on the strength of nitric acid. Nitric acid increased the surface acidity by developing new surface oxygen functional groups of acidic nature. HNO3-oxidized carbons exhibited high adsorption capacities for Pb(II) and Cd(II). The adsorption of these ions increased with the decrease of the surface pH of the carbon and with the increase of the solution pH from 2.5 to 6 and 7. The amount adsorbed from lead and cadmium was also related to the amount of surface acidity, the pH of the point of zero charge and on some metal ion parameters. Cadmium and lead uptake by the investigated carbons followed pseudo-second order model and the equilibrium sorption data fitted Langmuir adsorption model.

Traumatic eosinoph ilic gra nul oma(TEG) of the oral mucosa is considered to be a reactive benign lesion, which commonly ma nifests as an ulcer with eleva ted and indurated borders Clinically. this lesion simulates a maligna nt tumor Hi s to logy shows a diffut;e‘ dense. polymorphic. and eosinophil-rich cellular infiltrate. which extends deeply into the un derl ying soft ti ss ues‘ A major constituent of infïltrates is a population of mitotically active, large. atypical monol1 uclear cell s . Immunohi stologic eval uation of the large atypical cells has suggested a myofibroblastic 0 1' histi ocyti c origi 1γ However ‘ recent reports have shown that these cells are positive for CD30 antigen. We have descr ibed a case of ora l mucosal lesions with featu res of TEG that had a CD68 posite atypical cells. The large cells showed s trong pos itive for CD68‘ but negative for CD30. The sma ll Iymphocy tic cells exprerssed CD3. This case was interpreted as an atypical histiocytic g ran uloma .

Epigenetic modification dependent DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) play an important role in tissue- and stage-specific gene regulation and normal mammalian development. In this study, we show that DNMTs are expressed at different levels during hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation to proerythrocytes. DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B were highly expressed at day 7 after differentiation. We used specific siRNA as a tool to probe the relationship between the expression of DNMTs and erythropoietic differentiation. When introduced siRNA of DMNT1 and DMNT3b in human CD34+ cells, these more differentiated into erythrocytes. This was confirmed by glycophorin A (GPA) positive cell analysis and globin gene expression. GPA+ cells increased up to 20～30%, and γ- and ε-globin genes increased in siRNA transfected cells. Therefore, our data suggest that suppression of DNA methylation can affect positively differentiation of HSC and may contribute to expression of erythrocyte lineage genes including GPA and globins.

Treatment of water hyacinth with sulphuric acid produces carbonaceous materials that have been used to remove Cu(II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Untreated water hyacinth was also used for the subject of comparison. The textural properties of the carbonaceous materials were determined from nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The optimum pH for the sorption of Cu (II) and Cd (II) ions on the investigated sorbents was determined. Dynamic adsorption measurements have been taken at 298 K whereas equilibrium measurements were carried out at 298, 313 and 323 K. The adsorption of nitrogen at 77 K on the untreated sample was too low and the surface areas of the treated samples 2, 3 and 4 were found between 70-208 m2/g. The total pore volumes of these samples which were determined for the carbonaceous materials investigated were found to be 0.076-0.140 ml/g. The kinetic adsorption data of Cu (II) and Cd(II) were applicable to both pseudo - first and pseudo-second order but fit more the latter order. The equilibrium adsorption data were found to fit Freundlich and Langmiur equations. The values of DG, DH and DS are all negative indicating the feasibility and the spontaneous nature of the sorption of Cu (II) and Cd (II) ions by the sorbents investigated.

본 연구는 북방산개구리의 난자 및 배아를 활용하여 난자성숙현상과 배아발달과정에 미치는 Cd2+의 독성효과를 조사하였다. 결과 Cd2+ 0.1ppm에서 난자의 성숙현상을 억제하였으며 Cd2+ 작용의 가역성을 조사하기 위해 3시간 동안 난자들을 Cd2+에 노출시킨 후 보통배양액으로 옮겨 17시간 배양한 결과 1ppm에서는 가역성을 나타내었으나 2.5ppm에서는 비가역적 인 손상을 주었다. 발달 중인 2세포 배아를 Cd2+의 여러 농도에 노출시킨 결과 0.1ppm에서 발달이 억제되었으며 노출시간이 길어진 32세포 시기에는 세포붕괴현상을 유발하였다. 한편, 포배기 배아를 Cd2+의 여러 농도에 노출시 켜 96시간 배양한 후 유생의 치사율 및 기형율을 대상으로 probit 분석법으로 조사한 결과 LC50은 0.1ppm, EC50은 0.08ppm, TI는 5.0을 나타내어 Cd2+은 높은 치사율을 나타내는 물질로 나타났다. 기형 양상은 척추기형이 0.05ppm에서 14.3%,꼬리기형이 0.1ppm에서 75.0%,복부기형 이 0.01ppm에서 66.7%를 나타내었고 profound형 기형이 0.1ppm에서 25.0%를 각각 나타냈으며 Cd2+ 0.1ppm에서 머리에서 꼬리까지의 성장을 억제하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과들은 Cd2+이 난자성숙, 난할 및 배아의 발달과정에 높은 독성의 효과를 가짐을 나타낸다.

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate food safety training program for employees in foodservice operations. The developed CD-ROM was consisted of 5 parts: foodbome illness, personal hygiene, food handling in food production steps, HACCP system, and sanitary facilities. It has made slides for all contents, the animation and movie to raise interests and concentrations, and illustrations and pictures to understand. The evaluation checklists were developed 15 questionnaires including understanding(5), information(3), concentration(4), recommendation(2), and the most important factor(1) and measured by Likert 5-point scale. Fifty-four dietitians in Daegu and Gyeongbuk schools, hospitals, and industries foodservice operations responded to the surveys. The results are as follows; The most important part in the CD-ROM was personal hygiene(33.3%). The total mean was 3.95±0.41, 3.91±0.46 on understanding, 3.89±0.50 on information, 3.87±0.55 on concentration and 4.29±0.49 on recommendation. The score was significantly higher in the recommendation part than others. Overall, as the developed CD-ROM has achieved fine score, a study on the effect of education needs to be followed. Moreover, consistent and organized education by developing a variety of sanitation education methods should be conducted.