원자전달 라디칼 중합을 이용하여 poly(styrene sulfonic acid) 47 wt%를 가진 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (P(VDF-co-CTFE)-g-PSSA) 가지형 공중합체를 합성하였다. 티타늄 아이소프로폭사이드(TTIP)와 가지형 공중합체를 졸-겔 공정을 통하여 TiO2/가지형 공중합체 복합막을 제조하였다. TTIP는 가지형 공중합체의 친수성을 가진 PSSA 영역에만 선택적으로 결합하였으며 그곳에 TiO2 나노 입자가 형성되어 성장하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 적외선과 자외선 분광학으로 확인할 수 있다. 함수량과 이온 교환 능력 (IEC)는 TTIP의 함량에 따라 감소하였고 이것은 막이 가진 술폰산의 수가 감소하기 때문이었다. TTIP가 5 중량%일 때, 막의 기계적 강도는 증가하고 수소이온 전도도도 유지되었다.

연안산 저활용 소형복어인 복섬(Takifugu niphobles)을 원료로 하여 수프용 정미강화소재로 이용할 수 있는 풍미계 조미엑스분을 추출하였고, 추출방법에 따른 이들 복섬 엑스분의 품질 및 정미발현성분에 대하여 살펴보았다. 복섬의 조단백질 함량은 17.4%으로 Glu, Asp, Lys, Leu, Pro, Ala, Val 및 Lys 등 주요 아미노산을 고루 함유하고 있었다. 열수추출법 및 2단 효소분해법으로 엑스분을 추출하고 관능적 특성을 비교한 결과, 98℃에서 3시간 추출한 열수추출물에서는 감칠맛과 맛의 강도가 약한 반면, 2단 효소분해물은 감칠맛과 맛의 조화가 월등히 우수하였고, 수율은 열수추출에 비해 약 1.7배 증가하였다. 열수추출 및 2단 효소분해물의 유리아미노산 총량은 각각 433.1 및 4,502.2 mg/100 g으로 함량 차이가 컸으며, Pro, Leu, Lys, Hypro, Tau, Arg, Phe, Ala, Glu 및 Val 등이 복섬 2단 효소분해물의 주요 유리아미노산이었다. 반면, IMP 함량은 각각 336.2 및 372.2 mg/100 g으로 다량 함유되어 있었으나 양자 간에 큰 차이가 없었고, 그외 total creatinine 등 기타 염기성분도 추출방법에 따른 함량 차이는 거의 없었다. 주요 정미발현성분 중의 하나인 무기이온은 Na, K, Cl 및 PO4 등이 주성분으로, 열수추출물에 비해 2단 효소분해물의 함량이 훨씬 많았다.

Henequen fiber was air-stabilized, carbonized, and steam-activated to obtain high surface area activated henequen fiber (AHF). Thermal behavior of henequen fibers has been studied by TGA. The structural morphology and characteristics were observed by SEM and BET surface area measurement. The yield of AHF from natural henequen was in the range of 20~25 wt%. Mesopores (2~2.5 nm) were developed on the AHF as the activation temperature was raised up to 700℃, and the band of mesopore size distribution moved to 15~30 nm when the activation were carried out at 900℃ for 30 min. The specific surface area and the total pore volume were about 1394 m2/g and 1.30 cm3/g, respectively at this activation conditions.

In this work, the effect of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) addition on physicochemical characteristics of CNFs-reinforced epoxy matrix nanocomposites was studied. Poly(amide imide) solutions in dimethylformamide were electrospun into webs consisting of 250±50 nm fibers which were used to produce CNFs through stabilization and carbonization processes. As a result, the CNFs with average diameter of 200±20 nm were obtained after carbonization process. The nanocomposites with CNFs showed an improvement of thermal stability parameters and fracture toughness factors, compared to those of the specimen without CNFs, which could be probably attributed to the higher specific surface area and larger aspect ratio of CNFs, resulting in improving the mechanical interlocking in the nanocomposites. Also, the applied external loading can effectively transfer to CNFs because strong interactions are resulted between the epoxy matrix and the CNFs.

Potassium hydroxide activated carbons were prepared from Egyptian petroleum cokes with different KOH/coke ratios and at different activation temperatures and times. The textural properties were determined by adsorption of nitrogen at -196℃. The adsorption of iodine and methylene blue was also investigated at 30℃. The surface area and the non-micropore volume increased whereas the micropore volume decreased with the increase of the ratio KOH/coke. Also the surface area and porosity increased with the rise of activation temperature from 500 to 800℃. Textural parameter considerably increased with the increase of activation time from 1 to 3 h. Further increasing of activation time from 3 to 4 h was associated with a less pronounced increase in textural parameters. The adsorption of iodine shows the same trend of surface area and porosity change exhibited by nitrogen adsorption, with KOH/coke ratio and temperature of activation. Adsorption of methylene blue follows pseudo-first-order kinetics and its equilibrium adsorption follows Langmuir and D-R models.

Ultraviolet curable coating solution was prepared with poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate oligomer and various mono and multi-functional acrylate monomers. The optical properties of UV cured coating layer on PET film with acrylate coating solution containing metal oxides, such as fumed silica and alumina, were also investigated to reduce light reflection on films. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate which has 575 of average molecular weight was used as oligomer acrylate, and pentaerythritol triacrylate and dipentaerythritolpenta-/hexa acrylate were used as multi-functional acrylate monomers. Also, butyl acrylate was used to improve the adhesion as well as to reduce glass transition temperature to give a better flexability. 1-hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone was used as photoinitiator. We found out the metal oxides in acrylate coating solution showed a homogeneous dispersion from energy dispersive spectroscopy data. Transmittance and light reflection of coated PET film was measured with UV/vis spectrometer and gloss meter, respectively. When 1.00 g of both metal oxides was added into coating solution, the transmittance and the glossiness were reduced from 90% to 30% and from 190 GU to 35 GU, respectively. However, adding up to 1.00 g of the metal oxide into coating solution did not affect on the hardness of coating layer and adhesion between coated layer and PET film. Conclusively, we can control transmittance and light reflection of coated film by adjusting the amounts of metal oxide in coating solution.

This study is manufacturing method and analysis of feasibility about collagen peptide from fish scale. This is processed by enzyme hydrolysis, isolating and refining etc. The results of analysis of nutritional composition showed protein content of collagen peptide. In the analysis of constitutive amino acids, the ratio of contents of hydroxyproline and glycine, the characteristics of collagen peptides appeared similar and the contents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid which are involved in protein metabolism. As a result of measurement of total polyphenol content and total flavonoid, it showed that collagen peptide had more contents generally, and the effect of bioactivity of pig-skin collagen peptide appeared higher although different kinds of scale collagen peptide showed a little DPPH radical scavenging ability, total antioxidant capacity by ABTS, ACE inhibitory.

In this study, waste natural fibers and natural adhesions were used to prepare an environmental biodegradable nonwoven type mulching material. Especially, the nonwoven mulching with higher content of cotton shows a improved biodegradation. Also, the physical properties of nonwoven mulching with different ratios of cotton/rayon were studied. It was found that the degree of biodegradation was controlled by the type of nonwoven materials and adhesions.

Liquefied-wood polymer composite was prepared and mechanical properties was evaluated to develop potential utility of liquefied wood. The liquefied wood was made from waste wood and chemical modified with acetic anhydride and maleic anhydride (MA), phtalic anhydride (PA). The composite sheet was prepared from modified liquefied-wood and polymer(PE). The mechanical, chemical and microscopical properties composite sheet were investigated. The results were summarized as follows, 1. The tensile strength was increased and breaking elongation of composite sheet was decreased with the time of acetylation and the dosage of MA. 2. The Young's modulus of composite sheet was gradually decreased with the dosage of PA. 3. The peak intensity of 1737cm-1 in FT-IR spectra of chemical modified liquefied woods was increased. 4. The dispersity of liquefied woods with PE was improved with chemical modification.

Fe powders with elongated and aggregated structure as heat pellet material for thermal battery applications were prepared by spray pyrolysis under various preparation conditions. The precursor powders with spherical shapes and hollow morphologies turned into Fe powders after reduction at a temperature of 615˚C under 20% H2/Ar gas. The powders had pure Fe crystal structures irrespective of the preparation conditions of the precursor powders in the spray pyrolysis. The morphologies and mean sizes of the Fe powders are affected by the preparation conditions of the precursor powders in the spray pyrolysis. Therefore, the ignition sensitivities and the burn rates of the heat pellets formed from the Fe powders prepared by spray pyrolysis are affected by the preparations of the precursor powders. The Fe powders prepared under the optimum preparation conditions have a BET surface area of 2.9 m2g1. The heat pellets prepared from the Fe powders with elongated and aggregated structure have a good ignition sensitivity of 1.1W and a high burn rate of 18 cms1.

습식분쇄의 최적조건을 얻고자 부형제 종류, 농도, 습식분쇄시 rotor speed, bead size, feed rate, 분쇄회수를 달리하여 분쇄한 결과, 부형제로는 gum arabic을 사용하여 5%의 농도로 첨가할 때 가장 좋은 분쇄효과를 나타내었다. Rotor speed를 달리하여 습식분쇄한 결과, rotor speed가 증가할수록 좋은 결과를 나타내어 4,000 rpm에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 원료와 직접 부딪혀 분쇄를 하게 되는 bead는 0.4 mm의 크기를 사용하였을 때 가장 작은 사이즈로 분쇄되는 것으로 나타났다. 분쇄가 이루어지는 chamber내에 원료를 공급하는 비율에 따른 결과에서는 40 L/h 의 속도로 공급했을 때 가장 작은 입도분포를 보였다. 분쇄회수에 따른 영향은 횟수에 따라서는 8회 이상으로 분쇄하였을때 0.6 μm이하의 입도분포가 90% 이상으로 나타나 10회를 분쇄하였을때 가장 좋은 효과를 나타내었다. 연속운전과 비연속운전의 비교에서는 연속운전이 더 효율적이었으며 부형제 종류에 따른 영향은 gum arabic을 첨가하여 분쇄하였을때 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 적절한 농도와 종류의 부형제 사용과 rotor speed, bead size, feed rate, 용매와의 혼합비의 최적공정을 수립한 습식분쇄기술로 초미세액상칼슘의 제조가 가능하였고, 습식분쇄기술을 식품가공기술로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 확보하였다.

To produce alloy powders with only SmFe single phase by reduction-diffusion (R-D) method, the effect of excess samarium oxide on the preparation of Sm-Fe alloy powder during R-D heat treatment was studied. The quantity of samarium oxide was varied from 5% to 50% whereas iron and calcium were taken 0% and 200% in excess of chemical equivalent, respectively. The pellet type mixture of samarium, iron powders and calcium granulars was subjected to heat treatment at 1100 for 5 hours. The R-D treated pellet was moved into deionized water and agitated to separate Sm-Fe alloy powders. After washing them in deionized water several times, the powders were washed with acetic acid to remove the undesired reaction products such as CaO. By these washing and acid cleaning treatment, only 0.03 wt% calcium remained in Sm-Fe alloy powders. It was also confirmed that the content of unreacted -Fe in SmFe matrix gradually decreased as the percentage of samarium oxide is increased. However, there was no significant change above 40% excess samarium oxide.

The electrochemical deposition of Pt nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supports and their catalytic activities formethanol electro-oxidation were investigated. Pt catalysts of 4~12nm average crystalline size were grown on supports bypotential cycling methods. Electro-plating of 12min time by potential cycling method was sufficient to obtain smallcrystalline size 4.5nm particles, showing a good electrochemical activity. The catalysts’ loading contents were enhanced byincreasing the deposition time. The crystalline sizes and morphology of the Pt/support catalysts were evaluated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical behaviors of the Pt/support catalystswere investigated according to their characteristic current-potential curves in a methanol solution. In the result, theelectrochemical activity increased with increased plating time, reaching the maximum at 12min, and then decreased. Theenhanced electroactivity for catalysts was correlated to the crystalline size and dispersion state of the catalysts.

Recently, much interest on mesoporous carbon has been shown in their use for both hydrogen and methane storage and as an electrode material for electric double layer capacitors. The mesoporous active carbons by ion exchange were prepared and physical properties such as specific surface area and pore structure of active carbon were investigated using BET. In this study, active carbons with mesopore fraction of 60~90% were obtained. The Fe/Ca-exchanged active carbons showed a greater mesoporosity compared with Fe-exchanged carbons. The mean mesopore size in active carbons using Ca- and Fe-exchange was about 5.5~6.0nm and was approximately 1nm higher than that of the Fe-exchanged active carbon.

Superporous Hydrogels (SPHs) have been extensively investigated for various biomedical applications due to their fast swelling and superabsorbent properties. In this study, glycol chitosan that is one of most abundant natural polymers was used as a cross-linking agent instead of bisacrylamide (BIS), which is a broadly used crosslinking agent for preparation of SPHs. Glycol chitosan was modified to have reactive vinyl groups by chemical conjugation with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The vinyl group-containing glycol chitosan (GC-GMA) was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR measurements. SPHs have been prepared in various synthetic conditions to establish the optimum synthetic process for making superporous structure, where the inner pores are interconnected to each other to form a open channel structure. Various SPHs with different GC-GMA contents have been successfully prepared and have been observed to show faster swelling properties than other conventional SPHs. From the study on the swelling behavior of SPHs, the GC-GMA content is considered to be an important factor for controlling their swelling properties.

This study is on the feasibility of use of glycoprotein in various areas such as cosmetics and food etc. by extracting, isolating and refining glycoprotein from carrots, red ginseng extract residue, sesame and pine needles using protease(pepsin) and by analyzing general characteristics and measuring various bioactivities. The results of analysis of nutritional composition showed protein contents of glycoprotein. In the analysis of constitutive amino acids, the ratio of contents of hydroxy proline and glycine, the characteristics of glycoproteins appeared similar and the contents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid appeared higher. As a result of measurement contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid, it showed that glycoprotein had more contents generally, and the effect of bioactivity of glycoprotein appeared higher although different kinds of glycoprotein showed a little DPPH radical and nitrite scavenging ability, total antioxidant capacity by ABTS, ACE inhibitory.

A reaction device raising a generation yield by efficiently removing water generated in an esterified reaction between diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and succinic acid with mixture of an azeotropic point was newly developed as a new product in development of more stabilized emulsifier with a semi-solid phase(cream) in an emulsified phase of interfacial activity. The bis-(diethylene glycol monoethyl ether succinate(hereinafter, called as BDGS) with a high yield of more than 95% was obtained. As this has a property containing amphoteric emulsified functions such as W/O type or O/W type, etc., and has a merit that can be used regardless of any emulsified phase, there is no need using other emulsified surfactant. therefore, as this has excellent skin wetability in the cosmetics industry, a product having a wider range in quality compatibility or cost saving, etc. as a humectant has been developed.

당뇨병 환자의 자가 혈당 측정 장치에 사용할 수 있는 폴리아크릴로니트릴 진단막을 제조하였다. 제조된 폴리아크릴로니트릴 진단막을 여러 가지 환경에서 보관한 후 혈액 속의 글루코우즈의 농도를 변화시켜가며 680 nm에서의 최종 흡광도를 측정하였다. 측정된 혈당치가 보관 온도의 변화에 따라서는 크게 차이를 보이지 않았다. 다만 여러 가지 습도에서 보관한 후 측정한 결과 높은 습도에서 장기간 보관한 후의 혈당치가 기준 값보다 다소 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구는 PVDF/PDMS 복합막을 제조하여 부탄올을 농축을 위한 투과증발특성에 대해 알아보았다. 또한 복합막의 제조 방법에 따른 투과특성을 알아보기 위해 지지층의 PVDF 농도변화와 활성층의 경화조건에 따라 투과증발 최적막을 선정하였다. 이 막을 사용하여 공급액의 농도, 온도 및 순환 유속을 변화시켜 부탄올의 투과특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 그 결과 공급액의 농도, 온도, 순환 유속이 증가할 경우 부탄올의 플럭스와 투과 농도가 증가함을 확인하였으며 상용막인 GKSS사의 PVDF/POMS 복합막과 비교한 결과 부탄올 투과 플럭스, 투과 농도, 선택도 등 모두 높은 값을 나타내었다.

Niobium(Nb) and Tantalum(Ta) are rarely found apart in nature and never in the free state. The element niobium amounts to 3% of the crustal abundance. On the whole, the niobium capacitor showed somewhat more unstable characteristics than the commercial tantalum capacitors, but is nonetheless considered applicable as a future substitute for tantalum capacitors. In this study, niobium powder was made from potassium heptafluoroniobite(K2NbF7) by using sodium(Na) as a reductant and KCl and KF as diluents based on the hunter sodiothermic reduction method.,In order to obtain a high surface area niobium powder via the sodiothermic reduction method, a certain amount of diluent, such as alkali metal halides selected from NaCl, KCl, KF and NaF, was added in the raw materials to be reduced. However, if a higher surface area of powder is required, more diluents need to be used in the said method in order to produce niobium powder. But when more diluents are used, the niobium powder will be contaminated with more impurities and the yield will also decreased.