산업현장과 열병합발전 등 다양한 장소에 사용되는 도시가스는 산업안전보건법 정의에 따라 인화성 가스에 해당되며 한국산업표준 KS C IEC에 의해 가스 폭발위험장소가 설정되어 안전하게 관리가 되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 일반 화학공장에 적용되는 KS C IEC 표준을 저압 도시가스 사용설비 폭발위험성 예측에 합리적으로 적용하기 위해누출공 크기, 환기 등급, 환기 유효성 등의 주요 변수를 도입하였다.CFD 시뮬레이션 적용의 타당성을 평가하기 위해 전산유체역학 (CFD) 시뮬레이션, 가스누출실험, KS C IEC 표준 계산 통해 얻어진 폭발하한계가상 체적을 이용하여 네 가지 다른 조건에서 폭발 위험성을 평가하였다.

The steel pipe manufacturing industry deals with facilities and materials. Especially thermal facilities are close to vapor cloud explosion (VCE) and may cause secondary damage to facilities because they deal with corrosive substances such as hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid and acid, fire, explosion, leakage etc. It is in danger. In this study, hazard identification method was conducted using HAZOP techniques and quantitative risk analysis was conducted using e-CA, a program that supports accident impact analysis. Equipment in the influence range of ERPG - 3 was determined to be a facility requiring replacement. It was decided that neutralization is necessary using slaked lime. Based on the cost of loss, We presented the proper replacement which is the timing of the dangerous facility. As a result, It was ideal to replace the facilities with 20 years of heat treatment facilities, one year of hydrofluoric acid storage tank, 20 years of sulfuric acid storage tank, and 5 years of hydrochloric acid storage tank.

The main function of the general hospital building is to provide medical facilities and service. However, damage to the non-structural elements such as architectural, medical, mechanical and other components will interrupt those functions after the earthquake. Especially, it is considered that, damage to the non-structural elements is a serious event because it is directly associated with the lives of patients. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the certain non-structural elements of general hospital building has the seismic performance to provide hospital medical services after the earthquake. The evaluation is conducted by selecting the non-structural elements used in general hospital which are sensitive to acceleration, such as cooling towers, air handler, MRI and CT. As a result, the non-structural elements located on the upper floor without suitable support method did not meet the performance objective. Therefore, adequate anchorage against the seismic event is required for such non-structural elements that are acceleration-sensitives.

본 연구에서는 roll to roll (R2R) 설비를 이용해 폭 60 cm의 역전기투석용 양이온 및 음이온교환막을 제막했다. 양이온 및 음이온교환막의 전해질로 아크릴아마이드계 술폰산 및 암모늄염, 가교제로 다이아크릴아마이드를 사용했다. 또한, 지지체로 16 um 두께의 PE계 다공성 필름을 사용했다. R2R 설비로 제작된 양이온 및 음이온교환막은 swelling 후 18 um의 두께, 0.6 Ω⋅cm² 이하의 저항, 85% 이상의 permselectivity, 1.3 meq g-1 이상의 ion exchange capacity(IEC)를 지니고 있었다. 또한, 제조된 이온교환막의 전극 유효면적 5 × 5 cm의 역전기투석 셀 test 결과 2.5 W/m²의 전력밀도를 보였다.

This study experimentally and analytically examines the seismic vulnerability of steel rack storage frames subjected to Korea earthquakes (2016 Gyeongju earthquake and 2017 Pohang earthquake). To achieve this aim, this study selects a three-story, one-bay steel rack frame with a typical configuration of rack frame in Korea. Firstly, the local behavior for frame components is examined by performing monotonic and/or cyclic load tests and the global response and dynamic characteristics of the subject rack frame are investigated by conducting a shaking table test. The analytical model of the rack frame is then created based on the experimental results and is used to perform nonlinear time history analyses with recorded Korea earthquakes. The seismic demand of the rack frame is considerably affected by the spectral acceleration response, instead of peak ground accelerations (peak floor accelerations). Moreover, the collapse fragility curve of the rack frame is developed using incremental dynamic analyses for the Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes. Fragility results indicate that the ground motion characteristics of these earthquakes do not significantly affect the frame vulnerability at the collapse state.

신·재생에너지 보급통계에 의하면 바이오매스 발전실적은 2013년 부터 급증하고 있으며 그 중에서 가장 급격하게 증가한 연료는 Wood pellet으로 2013년 696Gwh, 2014년 2,764Gwh, 2015년에는 2,512Gwh를 발전 하였고 국내 Wood pellet 총 소비량은 2015년 기준 148만톤이며 그 중 발전용으로 소비된 Wood pellet은 108만톤으로 약 73%를 차지하고 있다. 본 연구에서 Wood pellet 소요량을 예측한 결과 국내 발전용으로 필요한 Wood pellet 소요량은 2020년 261만톤, 2025년 685만톤, 2030년 1,139만톤이 필요하며, 최적 바이오매스 발전량 산정을 위하여 바이오매스 발전소에서 국내 생산 Wood pellet 사용량을 50% 사용한다는 가정하에 기허가 신청된 발전소를 가동하기 위해서는 2021년 226만 톤의 Wood pellet이 국내에서 생산되어야 한다는 결론이 도출되었다.

Desalination plants have been recently constructed in many parts of the world due to water scarcity caused by population growth, industrialization and climate change. Most seawater desalination plants are designed with a submarine pipeline for intake and discharge. Submarine pipelines are installed directly on the bottom of the water body if the bottom is sandy and flat. Intake is located on a low-energy shoreline with minimal exposure to beach erosion, heavy storms, typhoons, tsunamis, or strong underwater currents. Typically, HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) pipes are used in such a configuration. Submarine pipelines cause many problems when they are not properly designed; HDPE pipelines can be floated or exposed to strong currents and wind or tidal action. This study examines the optimal design method for the trench depth of pipeline, analysis of on-bottom stability and dilution of the concentrate based on the desalination plant conducted at the Pacific coast of Peru, Chilca. As a result of this study, the submarine pipeline should be trenched at least below 1.8 m. The same direction of pipeline with the main wind is a key factor to achieve economic stability. The concentrate should be discharged as much as high position to yield high dilution rate.

This research focuses on a scheduling problem in the semiconductor probing facility. Probing facility is composed of identical parallel machines and the parallel machines form three workstations for the tests with different recipes. Each machine can be set to three different tests and sequence-dependent setup times are required between operations due to temperature and probe card loading/unloading. Precedence relationship exists between three tests of each wafer lot. The scheduling problem for the probing facility is a parallel machine scheduling problem with precedence relationship and sequence dependent setup time. We develop heuristic algorithm to minimize makespan for the scheduling problem and numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance.

The study seeks to cooperate with the investigation of a fire investigation based on public-private partnership. Fire protection systems provide a wide variety of viewpoints from the perspectives of design, construction, management, maintenance, maintenance and maintenance systems at a particular point in time, construction, management, and maintenance systems. What is controversial is that there are illegal activities such as illegal activities of the Patent Office, misconduct of construction work and unreasonable construction of construction works.As a theoretical framework, the present study identified the four key elements of a successful disaster response system : responsiveness, control, professionalism, and bias.

In the industrial field, various type of fuel have been used for product processing facilities. Recent for 10 years, the usage of natural gas (NG) was gradually increased. Because it has many merits; clean fuel, no transportation, storage facility and so on. There are common safety concept that strict explosion protection approaches are needed for facilities where explosive materials such as flammable liquid, vapor and gases exist. But some has an optimistic point of view that the lighter than air gases such as NG disperse rapidly, hence do not form explosion environment upon release into the atmosphere, many parts has a conventional safety point of view that those gases are also inflammable gases, hence can form explosion environment although the extent is limited and present. In this paper, the heating equipments (Hot Oil Heater) was reviewed and some risk management measures were proposed. These measures include hazardous area classification and explosion-proof provisions of electric apparatus, an early gas leak detection and isolation, ventilation system reliability, emergency response plan and training and so on. This study calculates Hazardous Area Classification using the hypothetical volume in the KS C IEC code.

본 연구에서는 기존에 제안되었던 공정 중심 모델링 방법을 개선하여 조선소의 다양한 생산 정보와 제약조건을 효과적으 로 표현할 수 있도록 개선된 공정 중심 시뮬레이션 모델링 방법을 제안하였다. 그리고 이를 이용하여 시뮬레이션 모델을 구축할 수 있도록 다이어그램 구성 요소와 모델링 방법을 상세히 기술하였다. 이 모델링 방법에서는 복수의 제품과 설비가 공정에 투입되었을 때 우선순위를 지정할 수 있으며, 계층 구조를 가진 시뮬레이션 모델을 표현할 수 있도록 레이어 개념이 적용되어 있다. 그리고 조선 소 생산 계획 정보를 바탕으로 절단 공정부터 대조립 블록 조립 공정까지를 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법으로 모델링하다. 이를 통하여 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법이 단일 설비가 여러 용도로 사용되는 경우에 기존의 모델링 방법에 비하여 유리한 것을 확인하였다. 결과 적으로, 개선된 공정 중심 시뮬레이션 모델링 방법은 기존의 공정 중심 시뮬레이션 모델링 방법에서 표현하기 힘들었던 제약 조건과 흐름을 효과적으로 표현할 수 있으며, 계층 구조를 가진 조선소 생산 계획 검증 시뮬레이션 모델을 체계적으로 구축하는데 활용할 수 있다.

Desalination with low energy consumption has been recognized as a crucial technology for meeting the growing freshwater needs of the UAE. In 2016, KAIA and the Masdar company in the UAE signed Joint Development Agreement to develop energy-efficient desalination technologies. The research aims to build a pilot plant desalination plant in UAE for demonstrating reduction of energy footprint. For this R&D project, Daewoo E&C designs and constructs a customized low energy seawater desalination facility with 1000~2000 m³/d by 2018. The goal of specific energy consumption is 3.3 kWh/m³, finally resulting in O&M cost reduction by more than 10%. The system will be configurated with energy saving RO membrane(LG chemistry), pretreatment for algae control using tube type bio filter(MTBF) and DAF, and ion exchange and capacitive deionization for replacement of 2nd RO. Optimizing this pilot plant by 2020 in the UAE is the next milestone in realizing the energy-efficient desalination technology to a viable product.