Bacteriological quality of beef carcass and distributions of pathogens in beef processing environments were investigated to improve the hygienic quality of fresh beef. Total bacterial contamination of carcass surface in slaughtering process and cutting board in cut-meat process showed 10^5-10^6CFU/㎠ and l0^5CFU/㎠ in summer, respectively. The viable bacterial count of cotton glove was similar to that of cutting board during and entire period of year. Microbial contamination of carcass surface, cutting board, cotton glove and deboned meat showed the highest in summer and the lowest in winter during the year. Escherichia coli O157, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella. ornithinolytica, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Tatumella. ptyseos, Serratia odorifera, Aeromonas sobria, Enterobacter cloacae and Flavimonas oryzihabitans were isolated from carcass surface during slaughter treatments. S. aureus, Listeria grayi and L. monocytogenes were isolated from cutting board and L. grayi, Erwinia spp. Salmonella spp. and S. aureus were isolated from cotton glove in cut-meat process environments. Citrobacter freundii, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus were isolated from deboned meat.

중금속을 처리하는 방법에는 일반적으로 화학적, 물리적 그리고 생물학적 처리방법 등이 있다. 이중 생물학적 처리방법은 미생물들의 자연 생체기작을 이용하는 방법으로, 생체축적 (biosorption & bioaccumulation), 산화환원반응 (oxidation & reduction), 메칠화 및 탈메칠화반응 (methylation & demethylation), 금속 유기물질 복합반응 (metal-organic complexation)과 비용해성 복합

This study was conducted to investigate the application of ATP bioluminescence to measure the degree of microbial contamination from raw meat, meat processing and milk processing lines. Samples collected from slaughter house, meat and milk processing plants were tested for estimation of bacterial number by using ATP bioluminescence and conventional method. The former result was transffered to R-mATP value(log RLU/㎖), and the latter transffered to CFU(log/㎖). Correlation coefficient(r) between aerobic counts(CFU, log/㎖) and R-mATP(log RLU/㎖) value was 0.93(n=408). R-mATP of aerobic counts from beef, pork, chicken was 0.93(n=220), and that was 0.93(n=187) between meat processing and dairy processing plants. In addition, Correlation coefficient(r) between aerobic counts and R-mATP was 0.87(n=252) under 1 × 10^5/㎖ of bacterial count and 0.74(n=152) over l0^5 respectively.

난분해성 유기화합물의 일종인 염화 방향족화합물은 냉각제, 소화제, 페인트, 용매, 플라스틱류, 유압제, 제초제, 농약, 그리고 화학합성에 필요한 전구물질 등에 널리 사용된다. 이들은 친지질 특성을 가지므로 생물체의 세포막에 쉽게 흡착되며 먹이사슬에 의한 생물학적 농축과정을 통해 인간을 포함하는 각종 생물체에 축적된다. 그 결과 생물체의 세포막 구조가 변화되고 기능이 저해될 뿐더러 암과 돌연변이를 유발하고 「환경호르몬」

Alcohol treatment was applied to ginseng powder for the improving hygienic quality of ginseng powder. A bacterial strain designated as GT5 was isolated from ginseng powder contaminated and was identified as Escherichia coli species by IMVIC test method. Ethanol used as alcohol, inhibited strongly the growth of coliforms in ginseng powder at the concentrations of 50 to 90%. Ethanol treatment also decreased numbers of total bacteria at the same concentrations. There was not significant changes in saponin of ginseng powder after treated with ethanol. However, ethanol treatment caused a decrease in Hunter's color L value and an increase in a and b values of ginseng powder. As a hygienic quality control of ginseng powder, ethanol treatment could be considered as an effective means for decontaminating microorganisms in ginseng powder.

본 연구는 4℃ 냉장조건에서 신선한 돔포의 미생물학적 저장 안정성 증진을 목적으로 초산, 유산 및 구연산 침지법을 이용하여 호기성 부패세균의 증식억제에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 4개의 처리구로 만든 돔포는 각 0.25∼1.0%의 초산, 유산 및 구연산의 위생수에서 5분 침지 후 처리구별로 플라스틱 저장백에 넣은 다음 실험에 사용하였다. 대조구는 수돗물에 5분간 침지하여 사용하였다. 각각의 2반복 시료는 4℃, 12일 저장하면서 3일 간격으로 취한 다음 분석에 사용하였다. 0.25∼1.0%(v/v) 초산 처리구는 4℃, 12일 저장 동안 호기성 부패세균의 증식을 억제하는 데 효과적이었다. 0.25∼1.0%(v/v) 유산 처리구 그리고 0.5∼1.0%(w/v)구연산 처리구는 각각 4℃, 저장 9일 동안 호기성 부패세균의 증식을 억제하는데 효과적이었다. 돔포의 냉장 동안 초산처리구의 미생물학적 저장 안정성이 가장 높게 평가되었다.

For the purpose of improving hygienic quality of health-foods, sterilization effects of y ray and ozone on microoganisms associated with food cultured in the media and contaminated in Angelica keiskei powder were investigated. Ozone was immersed in water and sprayed in air, on the concentration of 3 mg liter^(-1) at an air flow rate of 5 liter min'. Test strains cultured in the media completely inhibited by γ-ray at irradiation doses of 0.25--2 kGy. In the case of ozone, test bacteria inactivated after treatment of 10-20 minutes, but test mold, Aspergillus llavus was not effective. Strains contaminated in Angelica keiskei powder completely inhibited by γ-ray at irradiation doses of 2.5-7.5 kGy. However, when the powder was sprayed with ozonized air for 10 hours, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus among five strains were eliminated.

Ozone treatment was applied to ginseng powder for the improving hygienic quality of ginseng powder. A bacterial strain was isolated form ginseng powder contaminated. The strain designated as GT4, was identified as Escherichia coli species by IMVIC test method. Ozone inhibited strongly total bacteria and coliforms in ginseng powder(initial concentration 10³/g) at 0.35 ppm. High ozone concentration reduced death time of the total bacteria in ginseng powder. However, ozone treatment caused significant degradation in saponins of ginseng powder. Ozone treatment also caused a increase in Hunter's color L value and decrease in a and b values of ginseng powder.

Nangmyun-broth was collected as samples from 25 common restaurants in Bucheon to examine it`s sanitary condition. The main course of bacterial contamination was persuited for it`s sanitary improvement. Bacterial count in summer sample was not greatly different from that in winter, resulting in total count 1.7×10 exp (7)/㎖, lactic acid bacteria 8.7×10 exp (6)/㎖, coliform group 1.2×10 exp (5)/㎖, Staphylococcus aureus 6.5×10 exp (2)/㎖. Bacterial contamination occurred remarkably with the use of storage barrel in which remnent Nangmyun-broth was still resting, because the remnent Nangmyun-broth contained high level of bacteria. Good santary condition in Nangmyun-broth was obtained by the use of clean barrel which had been washed with tap water or sterilizied with steam before filling fresh Nangmyun -broth for cold storage. The growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited in the presence of acetic acid(0.01∼0.05%) or mustart(0.1∼0.5%).

시판(市販) 사료첨가제(飼料添加劑)에 대한 미생물학적(微生物學的) 오염정도(汚染程度)를 알아보기 위하여 국내(國內)에서 판매(販賣)되고 있는 비타민과 횡물질(鐄物質) 사료첨가제(飼料添加劑) 36개(個) 품목(品目) 총(總) 81례(例)의 시료(試料)를 시험(供試)하여 일반세균(一般細菌) 및 대장균군(大腸菌群)의 오염상태(汚染狀態)를 검사(檢査)하고 아울러 시료(試料)로부터 분리(分離)한 83주(株)의 대장균군(大腸菌群)에 대한 Am등(等) 8종(種)의 항균성낙제(抗菌性樂劑)에 대한 내성빈도(耐性頻度) 및 내성정도(耐性程道)를 파악하였으며 내성균(耐性菌)에 있어서는 내성양상(耐性樣相)과 R plasmid의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 성적(成績)을 얻었다. 일반세균(一般細菌)은 시료(試料) 81례(例) 모두 양성(陽性)이었으며 대장균군(大腸菌群)은 81례중(例中) 14례(例)(17.3%) 에서만 양성(陽性)이었다. 일반세균수(一般細菌數)의 분포(分布)는 g당(當) 10미만에서부터 1,400,000까지 다양(多樣)하였으며 그 중(中) 100~1,000/g이 34례(例)(42%)로 가장 많았고 대장균군(大腸菌群)에 있어서는 일반세균(一般細菌)의 오염도(汚染度)가 높을수록 분리율(分離率)이 높았으며 총(總) 18개(個) 제조회사중(製造會社中) 6개사(個社)(33.3%)의 제품(製品)에서 양성(陽性)이었다. 공시균(供試菌) 83주중(株中) 41주(株)(49.4%)가 fecal coliform이었다. 공시균(供試菌)에 대한 약제별(藥劑別) 내성균출현율(耐性菌出現率)은 sulfadimethoxine (Sa)에 대해 92.8%로 가장 높았고 다음으로 streptomycin (Sm)에 67.5%, tetracycline (Tc)에 50.6%, kanamycin (Km)에 26.5%, chloramphenicol(Cm)에 18.1%, ampicillin(Am)에 15.7% 순(順)이었으며 nalidixic acid(Na)와 gentamicin (Gm)에는 전주(全株)가 감수성(感受性)이었고 각공시(各供試) 약제(藥劑)에 있어서 non-fecal coliform에 비하여 fecal coliform의 내성균출현율(耐性菌出現率)이 높았다. 공시균(供試菌)의 최소발육저지농도(最小發育沮止濃度)(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) 분포(分布)는 Am 및 Km에 대하여 MIC가 이상(以上)인 고도(高度)의 내성(耐性)을 가진 균(菌)이 각각(各各) 7주(株) 및 3주(株)이었으나 대부분의 내성균(耐性菌)은 그 MIC가 이었고, Cm, Sm 및 Tc에 대한 내성균(耐性菌)의 대부분은 에서 의 범위(範圍)이었다. 공시균(供試菌) 83주중(株中) 79주(株)(95.2%)가 공시(供試)한 약제(藥劑) 1종(種) 이상(以上)에 내성(耐性)을 가졌으며 내성형별(耐性型別)로는 SaSm 내성형(耐性型) 및 Sa 단제내성형(單劑耐性型)이 각각(各各) 12주(株)(14.5%)로 가장 많았고 다음으로 SaSmTc형(型) 10주(株)(12%), SaSmTcKm형(型) 7주(株)(8.4%), SaTc형(型) 7주(株)(8.4%) 및 SaSmKm형(型) 6주(株)(7.2%)의 순(順)이었으며 총(總) 19종(種)의 내성형(耐性型)이 관찰되었다. 내성전달시험(耐性傳達試驗) 결과(結果) 내성균(耐性菌) 79주중(株中) 32주(株)(40.5%)가 전달성(傳達性) R plasmid를 보유(保有)하고 있었으며 다제내성균(多劑耐性菌)일수록 내성전달률(耐性傳達率)이 높았다. 공시(供試) 약제별(藥劑別) 내성전달빈도(耐性傳達頻度)는 Am (100%) 및 Cm (80%)에서 매우 높고, 다음으로 Tc (38.1%), Sa (18.2%), Sm (17.9%) 및 Km (4.5%)의 순(順)이었다.