In order to investigate whether or not the alcohol-treated rat liver cells can be protected by Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs, We compared the serum biochemistry of rats administered both alcohol and the complex of Korean Citrus junos and medicin

삼백초가 TCDD 투여로 유발된 rat의 지질대사에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 NTT, TTA, STT군으로 각각 10마리씩 나누어 TCDD를 투여하고 4주 동안 물질을 투여하였다. 4주 후 희생시켜서 생체 내 간 조직 활성 효과 및 항산화 효과를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Total Cholesterol에서 삼백초를 투여한 STT군은 NTT군 비교해서 14.46% 증가하였으며, 혈청중의 HDL-Cholesterol은 SST군이 TTA군과 비교해서 21.29% 증가하였고 94.98%로 억제되었다. LDL-Cholesterol에서는 STT군이 TTA군 보다 12.86% 감소하였으며, 48.34% 로 억제되었다. 2. 혈청중의 TG의 함량은 TTA군이 NTT군에 비해 34.84% 증가하였다. TTA군에 비해 STT군은 7.06% 감소하였으며, 18.9% 억제시킨다. 3. 간조직중의 MDA량은 STT군이 TTA군에 비해 17.14% 감소하였고, 32.72%의 억제율을 보였다.

주야온 25/20℃, 상대습도 70%로 조절된 생육상내에서 명기 시간과 암기 시간의 비를 1 : 1 로 일정하게하고 광주기를 24h(명기 12시간 : 암기 12시간)와 6h(명기 3시간 : 암기 3시간)로 설정하여 토마토와 고 추 묘의 양분흡수 및 탄소대사 특성을 조사하였다. 토마토에서는 처리후 15일 6h에서 건물중, 초장, 엽면적, 엽록소함량 및 수분흡수량 감소와 함께 황화현상이 나타났으나, 고추에서는 6h에서 엽록소함량이 약간 낮았을 뿐 처리간 생장 차이는 없었다. 전체 처리 기간을 통해 NO3, P, K, Ca 및 Mg의 흡수량은 광 주기의 영향을 받지 않았으나, Fe의 흡수량은 두 작물 모두 처리후 10 일부터 6h가 24h에 비해 적었다. 이러한 경향은 엽록소함량이 가장 낮았던 처리후 15일과 토마토에서 현저하게 나타났다. 한편, 엽중 sucrose 함량은 토마토의 6h에서 높았으나 glucose는 24h에서 더 높았다. 본 실험 결과는 광주기 단축에 의한 엽중 엽록소함량 저하와 황화현상은 Fe 흡수량 부족 및 엽중 sucrose 축적과 관련이 있음을 시사해 주었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Indongcho(L. japonica Thunb) powder on blood glucose, serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Four groups of rats(3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(NC), diabetic rats fed control diet(DC), normal rats fed Indongcho powder diet(NI), and diabetic rats fed Indongcho powder diet(DI). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin(60mg/kg B.W., i.p.). The animals were fed ad libium each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. Food and water intakes were determined everyday. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels were determined every week. After 5 weeks the animals were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver and kidney homogenates. We also determined serum concentrations of total lipid(TL), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG) and HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Blood sugar and water intake were higher in diabetic group(DC and DI group) than normal group(NC and NI group) and were not significantly decreased by dietary Indongcho intake. Body weight gain and FER(feed efficiency ratio) were reduced by STZ treatment. But, Final body weight was recovered by Indongcho-contained diet. LHR(LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) of the DI g re up was significantly lower than the other experimental groups(NC, NI and DC groups). The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity of the groups fed Indongcho diet(NI and DI group) was lower than the groups fed control diet(NC and DC group) and the G6Pase activity of NI group was recovered to the normal levels(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and glutathione reductase(GR) activities in liver and G6Pase activity in kidney were not statistically different between the control and diabetic control groups. Renal GST activity of the DI group was recovered by Indongcho intake. In conclusion, these results confirm oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats with STZ diabetes and antioxidative effect of Indongcho.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary γ-linolenic acid on plasma lipid metabolism and anti thrombotic activity in male Sprague Dwaley Strain rats. Rats weighing an average of 100~120g were fed a experimental diets containing 5% lard (saturated fatty acids), corn oil(linoleic acid), evening promise oil(EPO, 9% γ-linolenic acid) or borage oil(BO, 24% γ-linolenic acid) for 3Odays, respectively. Though there were no significant difference in the food intake among the groups, the body weight gain of the BO group was significantly lower than that of other group. The spleen weight of the lard group was significantly lower than that of other group. The bleeding time of the BO group was significantly longer than that of other group. The blood clotting time was significantly tended to long in EPO and BO groups compared with lard group. The plasma triacylglyceride and total cholesterol concentration were high in order of lard, com oil, EPO and BO, groups and there were significant differences among the groups. The plasma HDL-C concentrations were high in order of BO, EPO, com oil and lard groups and there were significant differences among the groups. The plasma LDL-C concentrations were significantly the highest in lard group, but the lowest in BO group. These data indicate that γ-linolenic acid has a antithrombotic activity, and decrease the plasma triacylglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations in rats.

흰쥐의 식이섭취량에서 각각 지방 및 고콜레스테롤식이에 대나무 잎 추출물을 병합 급여하지 않는 군에 비하여 대나무잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한군이 증가하였고, 체중증가량은 각각 지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이에 대나무잎 추출물을 급여하지 않는 군에 비하여 대나무잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한군이 감소하였다. 식이효율은 지방식이군에 비하여 대조군이 증가하였으나 유의한 없었다. 또한 각각의 지방식이에 대나무잎 추출물을 급여하지 않는 군에 비하여 대나무 잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한 군간에는 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 중성지질 농도에서 대조군은 241.17 mg/dL 인데 비하여 지방식이군은 249.00 mg/dL으로 증가하였다. 대나무잎 추출물을 급여하지 않는 각 지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이군은 254.00~255.50 mg/dL인데 비하여 대나무잎 추출물을 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한 군은 225.60~240.60 mg/dL으로 감소하였으며 특히3% 농도군이 가장 낮았다. 총콜레스테롤 함량에서 대조군은 96.17 mg/dL에 비하여 지방식이군은 124.50 mg/dL으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 대나무 잎 추출물을 급여하지 않는 각각의 지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이군은 134.07~199.33 mg/dL인데 비하여 대나무잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병함 급여한 군은 101.13~131.80 mg/dL으로 유의하게 감소하였다. HDL-콜레스테롤 농도에서 대조군은 17.50 mg/dL인데 비하여 지방식이군은 18.50 mg/dL으로 증가하였으며, 각 지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이군에 대나무 잎 추출물을 병합 급여하지 않는 군은 16.00~19.00 mg/dL이나 대나무 잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한 군은22.00~24.80 mg/dL으로 증가하였다. LDL-cholesterol 함량은 대조군에 비하여 지방 식이군의 함량이 증가하였고, 각각의 지방 및 고콜레스테롤 식이에 대나무잎 추출물 농도를 달리하여 병합 급여한 군은 92.00~111.00 mg/dL 인데 비하여 대나무잎 추출물을 급여하지 않는 군은 111.17~122.40 mg/dL으로 유의적으로 증가하였으며 동맥경화지수는 대나무잎 추출물을 급여시 유의적으로 감소되었다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of corn peptide(CP) on lipid metabolism. Sprague-Dawley(S.D) male rats were assigned to three dietary groups {control diet(CD), high fat diet (HFD) & high fat com peptide diet(FCD)} and fed 4 weeks to examine the effects of CP. There were no significantly different in cholesterol concentrations in the liver among the groups. However, triglyceride(TG) concentrations of the FCD & CD significantly lower than the HFD. Fecal excretion of neutral steroids & bile acids of the FCD significantly higher than the CD & HFD. Serum total cholesterol TG & LDL-cholesterol concentrations of the FCD & CD significantly lower than the HFD. These results suggest the improvement of lipid composition in serum by CP might be inhibit of lipid absorption in intestine & increment of neutral steroids & bile acids excretion in feces.

본 연구는 phosphatidylinositol 대사의 기질 및 억제물질이 돼지 난모세포의 체외 성숙·수정에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실험을 하였다. 난모세를 inositol (250 mM) 첨가 또는 무첨가한 mTLP-PVA 배양액에서 46시간 체외배양하였다. 성숙이 완료된 난모세포는 신선 돼지정액을 이용하여 6시간 동안 mTALP-PVA 배양액에서 체외수정을 시켰다. 수정 후 6시간에 이들 난모세포를 10% 혈청을 첨가한 TCM-199 배양액에서 추가로

To investigate C and N metabolisms in response to potassium-deficient stress during regrowth of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum L.), C and N metabolites were analyzed at day 0 (cutting date), 6, 12 and 24 days after defoliation. K-sufficient (control,

Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) is an enzyme which hydrolyses acetylcholine into choline and acetate. Glucose and Adenosine-5'-Triphosphate(ATP) are the primary energy source for the brain and therefore defects in glucose metabolism and the mitochondrial system can affect cognitive function. The fact that the level of acetylcholine(ACh), neurotransmitter, glucose and ATP, are found to be decreased in the brain of Alzheimer patients has lead us to focus on the inhibition of AChE for the developmental research of the Alzheimer's disease(AD) treatment. In this paper we describe the effects of herbal medicine 9908(滌痰化瘀湯加減) in vitro and in vivo. As herb 9908 concentraion increased, the Vmax values of AChE from Electric eel were decreased, which showed that the activity of AChE in vitro was decreased. Also herb 9908 inhibit AChE activity in vivo. When herb 9908 was orally administrated to rats, amount of glucose and ATP which are energy source in metabolism, increase in brain and blood of rats. These result are also interesting in their effects for AD treatment compare with comercial drugs such as Cognex and Aricept. Furthermore, when considering the toxic problems of the Cognex and the Aricept, these oriental medicines could be very valuable medicine for treatment of AD. Abbreviation AD: Alzhemer's disease, AChE: acetylcholinesterase, ACh: acetylcholine, ATCh: acetylthiocholine, DTNB: 5,5‘-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoate, ATP: Adenosine-5'-triphosphate GAPD: Glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase PGK : phosphoglycerate phosphokinase

Eight-week old perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Reveille) plants were exposed to different NO3-concentrations or osmotic stress with NaCI. Previously labeled "N was chased during 14 days of non-labeled'NO3 feeding in order to investigate NO3 meta

The extracts from Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze, their chloroform and hexane fractions, and estragole identified from hexane fraction were tested to investigate the effects on the growth and metabolic activities of several true fungi. The fungi used were: Aspergillus oryzae KFCC 890, Aspergillus niger KCCM 11240, Saccharomyces cerevisiae IAM 459?, Saccharomyces ellipsoideus PNU 2215. The growth of S. cerevisiae by treatment of water extract (1%), hexane fraction (0.05%), and estragole (0.05%) were inhibited 93%, 50%, and 33% respectively, and S. ellipsoideus was also inhibited markedly with delaying the lag phase maximum 12 hrs. The growth of A. oryzae was inhibited by treatment of extracts and fractions. The ethanol production by S. cerevisiae was increased more than two times in the highest value around 42 hrs incubation by water extract, but chloroform fraction inhibited its production. The glucoamylase activities by A. niger were strongly inhibited by hexane and chloroform fractions (0.05%). The invertase activity by S. cerevisiae using estragole (0.05%) reached to 57.5% of control group. S. cerevisiae treated with the estragole was damaged the cell wall and cell membrane, leaked the protoplasm, and observed broken pieces of cell.

Essentiality was proposed in the field of lipid by Burr and Burr in 1929. When rats were raised on the fat-free diet, their growth retarded and their skin and tails showed the characteristic deficient symptoms, which were relieved by the addition of Ω6(n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids as linoleic(LA) and arachidonic(AA) acids to the basal diet. LA is dehydrogenated to γ-linolenic acid(GLNA) by δ6 desaturase, then GLNA is 2 carbon chain elongated by elongase to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid(DGLNA), which is desaturated by δ5 desaturase to AA. These acids are called LA family or Ω6(n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). α-Linolenic acid(ALNA) is converted through the series of desaturation and elongation steps to docosahexaenic acid(DHA) via eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA). These acids belong to ALNA family or Ω3(n-3)PUFA. Human who consume large amounts of EPA and DHA, which are present in fatty fish and fish oils, have increased levels of these two fatty acids in their plasma and tissue lipids at the expense of LA and AA. Alternately, vegetarians, whose intake of LA in high, have more elevated levels of LA and AA and lower levels of EPA and DHA in plasma lipids and in cell membranes than omnivores. AA and EPA are metabolized to substances called eicosanoids. Those derived form AA are known as prostanocids(prostaglandins and prostacyclins) of the 2-types and leukotrienes of the 4-series, whereas those derived from EPA are known as prostanoids of the 3-types and leukotrienes of the 5-series. DGLNA is a precursor of the 1-types of prostaglandins. The metabolites of AA and EPA have competitive functions. Ingestion of EPA from fish or fish oil replaces AA from membrane phospholipids in practically all cells. So this leads to a more physiological state characterized by the production of proatanoids and leukotrienes that have antithrombic, antichemotactic, antivasoconstrictive and antiinflammatory properties. It is evident that Ω3 fatty acids can affect a number of chronic diseases through eicosanoids alone.

Aloe, being used widely as a health food and also as a traditional folk remedy for burns and constipation, contains quinone derivatives particularly in its skin. Thus, we have investigated the effect of extracts of Aloe on ethanol metabolism. The dried powder of water extract of skinned Aloe (300 mg/kg body weight given to rats by oral administration at 30 min prior to oral administration of ethanol given at a dose of 4 gm/kg) and the freeze-dried Aloe gel commercial product (600 mg/kg) which was prepared after selective elimination of quinones were found not to increase the ethanol metabolism rate in vivo. This result suggested that quinones, missing from the above preparations, might be responsible for enhancing ethanol metabolism rate.

This study was aimed to observe dose-response effects of squid liver oil enriched in n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFA) on the metabolism of streptozotocint(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this experiment, 24 STZ-induced diabetic male rats of Sprague Dawley strain were divided into 4 groups and fed for 4 weeks with basal diet(0%). 33%,67% and 100% squid liver oil(SLO) of total fat content, and 6 normal rats were fed with 0% SLO diet at the same time. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Rat group fed with 33% SLO diet showed the least body weight loss and changes in blood glucose, while ones of 100% SLO diet showed the highest level. 2. Serum total protein and ratio of albumin to globulin of all the groups were below the standard level, but did not show significantly different among diet groups. 3. Serum creatinine concentration of all the groups were stayed whthin normal range, but BUN were 3 to 4 times higher than normal rats. BUN concentration of rats fed with 0% and 33% SLO diet was significantly lower than those of others. 4. Total-cholesterol level of serum increased in all the groups except 33% SLO diet, but since HDL-chol, levels and TG concentration went up with an incerase of SLO in the diets, the ratio of HDL-chol. to total-chol, of rats fed with 67% and 100% SLO diet showed higher than those with 0%, and 33% SLO, and TG concentration of rats fed with 67% and 100% SLO diet decreased significantly.