The language threshold effect on comprehending an L2 (second language) text was experimentally examined, using two types of measurement tool, multiple-choice & true/false questions and a recall task for L2 reading comprehension. Cognitive processes implicated in each measure were delineated to allow a finer analysis on the role of L1 reading competence and L2 proficiency in comprehending an L2 text. In order to observe how one aspect of L2 proficiency, vocabulary knowledge, is related to language threshold effect, thirty-two 9th grade Korean students in Korea were given a vocabulary knowledge acquisition activity in a treatment condition between a pretest and a posttest. The relative contributions that L1 reading competence and L2 proficiency made to L2 reading comprehension were analyzed before the treatment and after the treatment using multiple-regression analysis technique. The findings of this repeated measure design were consistent with previous correlational studies showing that the role of L1 reading competence became stronger as L2 proficiency operationalized via vocabulary knowledge improved. What is elaborated in the present study is the fact that cognitive processes, initiated by a recall task, are more sensitive to the weakening of language threshold effects.

Geometric configurations such as hull shape, wall thickness, stiffener layout, and type of construction materials are the key factors influencing the structural performance of pressure hulls. Traditional theoretical approach provides quick and acceptable solutions for the design of pressure hulls within specific geometric configuration and material. In this paper, alternative approaches that can be used to obtain optimal geometric shape, wall thickness, construction material configuration and stiffener layout of a pressure hull are presented. CAE(Computer Aided Engineering) based design optimization tools are utilized in order to obtain the required structural responses and optimal design parameters. Optimal elliptical meridional profile is determined for a cylindrical pressure hull design using metamodel-based optimization technique implemented in a fully-integrated parametric modeler-CAE platform in ANSYS. While the optimal composite laminate layup and the design of ring stiffener for a thin-walled pressure hull are obtained using gradient-based optimization method in OptiStruct. It is noted that the proposed alternative approaches are potentially effective for pressure hull design.

Recently, creative innovation has become a major topic in management innovation and due to this, various researches on its need and methodologies are being performed. According to previous studies on ambidexterity, explorative innovation is closer to divergent and right-sided brain, while exploitative innovation is closer to convergent and left-sided brain. Five attributes of the questionnaires were developed based on right-sided and left-sided brain theory. Also, 25 problem solving tools were selected according to previous studies. QC 7 Tools and new QC 7 Tools were frequently used in Six Sigma projects. Other 11 problem solving tools were selected with consideration on its usage frequency. Survey questionnaires were distributed to 25 Six Sigma consultants and 22 were retrieved for this study's use. As a result, 14 tools were identified to hold exploitative attribute while 11 tools were identified to hold explorative attributes.

연구목적 : 본 연구는 보조의자 및 손 보조도구를 통하여 칸나반병 아동의 미리쓰기(pre-writing)에 필요한 손기능의 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 연구방법 : 연구의 대상은 만 5세의 카나반병 아동으로 8주간, 주 3회, 회당 20분의 고전적 작업치료 및 10분의 손 보조도구를 착용하여 실시하였다. 치료시간 30분 동안 아동은 보조의자에 계속 앉아 있었다. 아동의 발달력, 손기능 및 시지각 기능을 살펴보기 위해 치료 전, 치료 4주 후, 치료 8주 후로 총 3번에 걸쳐 평가하였다. 연구결과 : 한국판 덴버 발달 판별 검사(K-DDST)의 미세운동-적응 영역에서 2개월의 수준 향상을 보였다. 한국판 시지각 발달검사(K-DTVP-2)에서 일반적 시지각 지수가 증가하였다. 특히 운동감소 시지각 지수에서 뚜렷한 변화를 보였다. 시각-운동 통합 지수에서도 향상을 보여 손기능의 정확성이 증가됨을 알 수 있다. 결론 : 카나반병 아동을 대상으로 보조도구를 이용하여 작업치료 중재를 한 결과 손기능 및 시지각 능력의 향상을 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 카나반병 아동을 대상으로 보조도구를 이용한 작업치료 중재가 기능 회복에 미치는 영향을 제시하였다. 또한 국내 작업치료분야에서는 이러한 증례가 보고된 적이 없기에, 저자들은 카나반병 아동에 대한 문헌고찰과 함께 보조도구 사용 전후 아동의 정보를 공유하고자 한다.

It is important to assess foot posture when investigating the relationship between lower extremity dysfunctions and foot types. Although several measurements of static foot posture have been used, there is no consensus regarding clinical measurements for foot posture. The aim of this study is to explore the differences among navicular drift (NDt), foot posture index (FPI), arch index (AI), dorsal arch height ratio (DAHR), normal navicular height truncated (NNHt) and to discover the most effective measurement. After foot types were classified by navicular drop test (NDp), clinical measurements of NDt, FPI, AI, DAHR, and NNHt were performed on 64 subjects' feet. ANOVA analysis was used for the variance of the difference between the NDp and the five kinds of clinical measurements, and the level of significance was set at =.05. The results showed that all five clinical measurements demonstrated significant differences with navicular drop. In post-hoc, FPI and NNHt showed significant differences in all foot types. The five clinical measurements are suitable the classification of foot types through the NDp. Therefore, it could be possible to assess correct and objective foot posture by using FPI and NNHt.

According to Shohamy (2007), the tests of certain languages deliver messages and ideologies about the prestige, priorities and hierarchies of the languages, leading to policies of suppression of diversity. The test-driven language policies also lead to a narrow view of language as standardized and homogenous. The purpose of this paper is to contextualize English language tests in relation to language policy tools in Korea. The discussion of inappropriately used test-driven policies was supported by several test development cases in Korea, which appeared in newspaper articles, testing companies’ newsletters, or government documents. Different English language tests intended as language policy tools were categorized into three major situations: government-led, school-contextualized, and industry-based. It was argued that the English test-driven policy movement must have influenced teaching, learning, and the curriculum, to the extent that policy-making and testing essentially became synonymous.

The purpose of this study is to investigate cutting characteristics and wear behavior in SCM440 steel with different cutting tools, CBN(Cubic Boron Nitride) and coated CBN. During the test coated CBN toolespecially with TiAlN showed better wear resistance behavior than orginal CBN tools. In the interruptedcutting condition, axial groove affected tool surface with impact force during the turning operation. Foradvantageous turning parameter in the interrupted process it is recommendable that lower speed. Also surface roughness showed better behavior in the coated CBN tool conditions than normal CBN conditions. Mainly this is caused by reduced friction between material and tool surface with coated layer.

본 연구는 연안지역정부의 연안관리지역계획 재수립 및 지역연안관리 효율성 향상에 기여하기 위하여, 우리나라 지역연안유형 특성별로 적합한 연안관리정책도구의 조합방안을 모색 개발하여 제안하였다. 최근 2010년 연안관리법의 개정으로 '연안해역 용도별 기능구별 지정관리제'가 도입된 것을 시대적 배경으로 하여, 약 40여 년간 지역연안관리행정의 역사를 가진 미국의 선진 지역연안관리 정책도구들을 우리나라 연안해역 용도기능구에 적용하는 방안을 체계적으로 검토한 결과, 특히 선진 연안관리도구의 활용성이 높은 용도기능구는 이용연안해역용도의 레저관광구, 특수연안해역용도의 재해관리구와 해양환경복원구, 보전연안해역용도의 경관보호구인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제시된 지역연안관리 개선방안은 향후 우리나라 지역연안관리 발전을 위한 기초적 탐색적 연구로서 기여할 것이다.

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 ICF tools를 적용한 작업치료 중재 사례를 살펴보고, 실증적 차원에서 논의하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2010년 4월부터 5월까지 광주광역시 C병원에 의뢰된 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 ICF tools(categorical profile, assessment sheet, assignment maps, intervention table, evaluation display)를 적용하였다. 연구결과를 기반으로 임상전문가 5인과 실증적 차원에서 ICF의 임상적 적용을 논의하였다. 연구결과 : Stroke core sets를 사용하여 카테고리를 선정하였다. 선정한 카테고리를 기반으로 Categorical profile을 정리하였고, Assessment sheet로 평가하였다. Assignment maps를 사용하여 각 전문분야의 역할을 규명하였고, Intervention table로 중재 목표와 방법을 선정하였다. Evaluation display로 중재 결과를 제시하였다. 논의에서 임상전문가들은 ICF의 임상적 적용에 동의하였으나 작업치료적의 특성을 고려할 것과 보건관련 전문가를 대상으로 한 ICF 교육 및 경제성에 대한 연구의 필요성을 언급하였다. 결론 : Stroke core sets는 뇌졸중 환자의 특성을 효율적으로 반영하였고, ICF tools는 보건전문분야의 효율적인 평가, 중재목표 설정, 역할분담, 환자중심의 문제해결에 효과적이므로 임상에서 사용을 추진해야 할 것이다. 또한 ICF의 원활한 작업치료 적용을 위해서는 용어 및 작업수행 분석의 전문성에 대한 임상적 합의와 다양한 후속연구 들이 요구되는 바이다.

Clues of importance contained in interactive processes between students with cultural diversity and networked systems can offer meaningful insights into effective instructional design. This paper revisits significant and seminal research contributions in the fields of technologically- mediated communication and culture to bring insights into designing effective technologically-mediated learning environments for culturally diverse students. In support this, a wide range of existing researches were reviewed. Mainstream of research focusing paralinguistic cuing and technologically- mediated communication were analyzed and then terms of culture and instructional design were elaborated in an attempt to prove the assumption of the study. Based on the literature presented thus far, there is good reason to conclude that technology-mediated communication involves a complex multimodal process requiring not only speech, but also gaze, gesture, and facial expressions. By furthering our understanding of the impact of cultural diversity in technologically- mediated learning environments, we surely ensure that more effective instructional designs emerge.

본고는 청동기시대 석기의 취락 내 제작 양상에 관한 연구이다. 석기의 제작 단계는 대체적으로 타격에 의한 1차 성형의 1단계, 고타와 약마를 통해 거친 면을 다듬고 세부적인 형태를 조정하는 2단계, 세부 마연을 행하는 3단계로 구분할 수 있었다. 이상 설정된 단계별 미제품과 석기 제작 도구의 출토 양상, 그리고 석기 제작과 관련된 유구 내부의 흔적 등을 종합적으로 비교·검토한 결과, 유적의 점유시기보다는 입지에 따라 제작상에 차이가 있었던 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 취락 내 석기 제작의 시기별 변화상은 각 유적에서 출토된 미제품과 완제품의 조성 비율을 통하여 살펴볼 수 있었다. 먼저, 가공 도구 가운데 고석의 주거지 당 출토량이 전기에 비하여 후기에 급감하는데, 고타기법이 합인석부의 제작에 주로 이용되는 점과 합인석부가 화전농경에 관련된 도구임을 감안하여 이러한 농경 방식이 청동기시대 후기에 감소하였음을 짐작할 수 있었다. 또한 미제품과 완제품의 조성비 비교 결과 전기 단계에 훨씬 더 많은 미제품과 파손품이 발생하였음이 확인되었는데, 이는 후기 단계에 석기의 형태가 제작하기 쉬운 형태로 변화한 사실과 관련된 것으로 추정하였다. 이밖에 입지·시기별 변화와 관계없이 주거지 면적이 넓어질수록 미제품과 완제품의 출토량이 많아지는 경향성도 확인되었다. 이와 병행하여 실시한 석기 제작 실험 결과, 선형석기의 제작에 있어서 양극기법의 유용함과 석도의 천공 작업 시 고타 과정을 거치는 것이 그렇지 않은 경우보다 효율적이라는 점을 확인하였다. 또한 석부는 강한 암질의 석재를 대상으로 제작하기 때문에 형태가 비슷한 것을 이용하여 작업을 최소화 하였으며, 특정 부분을 마연하는 경우 가공 대상물을 고정시키고 소형의 지석을 움직이는 것이 보다 효율적이라는 점을 확인할 수 있었다.

The paper proposes the misuse types of statistical quality tools according to the kind of data and the number of population in DMAIC process of six sigma. The result presented in this paper can be extended to the QC story 15 steps of QC circle. The study also provides the improvement methods about control chart, measurement system analysis, statistical difference, and practical equivalence.

Supposing that somatotype evaluation results would have significant differences between the public group with less amounts of exercises and the special group with intensive exercises for three to four times a day, this study aimed at comparing the mutual consistency between the results determined by somatotype evaluation tools such as visually calculated index(VCI), Rohrer's Index(RI) and Body Mass Index(BMI). The public, taekwondo players and judo players groups were com˗ posed of fifty persons, taekwondo players and judo players passed through VCI determination, respectively. Their height and weight were examined and analyzed with somatotype evaluation tools. Comparison of somatotype dispersion of RI and VCI showed that most women were determined by VCI as lean type but were deter˗ mined by RI as normal type. And that women were determined by VCI as fat type but were determined by RI as normal type. Therefore both men and women showed significant differences in VCI and RI. Comparison of somatotype dispersion of VCI and BMI showed that both men and women were overestimated or underestimated by VCI rather than by BMI. Comparison of somatotype dispersion of RI and BMI showed that men were less determined by BMI as lean type compared with women; both men and women less determined by BMI rather than by RI as normal type; and both men and women, in particular, were more determined by BMI as fat type but men were more determined by BMI rather than by RI as fat type. Total somatotype consistency by tools showed that VCI has the greatest possibility of determining the public group, compared with other groups as lean type and that the consistency of the three tools were relatively higher for the taekwondo players and judo players groups, compared with the public.