벌금형은 재산의 박탈을 통한 응보와 일반예방효과를 충분히 기대하면서도 범죄인을 교정시설에 구금하지 않음으로써 사회복귀가 용이하고 악습감염의 폐해도 없을 뿐만 아니라 관리에 비교적 경비가 적게 드는 장점이 있기 때문에 단기자유형의 대안으로서 확대 적용되는 추세이다. 우리나라에서도 최근 형사사건에서 벌금형의 선고건수가 자유형의 선고건수보다 훨씬 초과하는 것을 볼 때 벌금형이 가장 보편적인 형사제재로 자리 잡아 가고 있다고 해도 지나치지 않을 것이다. 벌금형제도가 갖는 그러한 일반적인 장점에도 불구하고 점차 개선해나가야 할 부분이 많은 것은 사실이지만, 현재 우리나라 벌금형의 운영현황에서 볼 때 시급히 대처해야 할 문제로 지적되는 것 중의 하나가 저조한 집행율과 벌금미납자에 대한 제재이다. 현행법상 벌금미납자에 대해서는 노역장유치라는 환형처분을 하고 있는데, 노역장유치라는 자유박탈은 단기자유형의 폐해를 그대로 드러내는 단점을 안고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 벌금형의 운용현황과 문제점 및 개선방안 그리고 노역장유치의 운용현황과 문제점을 살펴본 후 노역장유치의 개선방안을 제시해 보았다.

본 연구에서는 변장비 1:5.5의 PSC 박스거더단면을 대상으로 적용사례가 많은 페어링 3종류와 1종류의 플랩에 의한 제진효과를 풍동실험을 통하여 고찰하였다. 직각삼각형 페어링을 기본단면에 부착한 경우(A1, A2) (+)영각 에서 비틀림 와류진동응답이 증가하였고 비틀림 플러터에 대하여 등변 직각삼각형 페어링(A1)은 두드려진 개선효과는 없었으나, 부등변 직각삼각형(A2)의 경우는 한계풍속이 증가하였다. 정삼각형 페어링의 경우는 플러터 한계풍속이 감소하고 와류진동응답이 증가하는 역효과가 나타났으며, 기본단면의 내풍대책으로서는 적합하지 않은 것으로 사료된다. 난간 상부에 플랩을 설치한 경우 모든 영각범위에서 와류진동진폭이 감소하였으며 비틀림 플러터의 한계풍속도 증가하는 것으로부터 한정진동 뿐만 아니라 발산진동에 대해서도 매우 효과적인 제진대책이라 판단된다.

수강명령은 구금형의 폐해를 극복하고 범죄자의 건전한 사회복귀를 위한 새로운 사회내처우의 필요성에서 등장한 형사제재 수단의 하나이다. 오늘날 영국을 비롯한 여러 국가에서 자유형 개혁의 일환으로 또 특별예방의 견지와 범죄인의 개선교화를 전제로 이 제도를 도입하여 확대실시하고 있다. 그러나 우리나라의 경우 영미와 같은 다양한 형태의 프로그램이 아직 개발되지 못하고 있고, 그 운용 및 제도상의 문제점도 적지 않다. 이로 인하여 재범방지와 범죄자의 처우개선에 문제점이 제기되고 있고, 이에 대한 체계적이고 종합적인 검토가 더욱 절실히 요청된다고 하겠다. 이에 따라 우리나라 수강명령의 현황 및 제도상 여러 문제점의 분석검토를 통하여 이 제도의 확대시행을 위한 개선책을 제시하고자 한다. 먼저 수강명령 담당직원의 증원과 전문인력을 확보하여 내실있는 교육을 실시하고, 수강명령의 부과와 대상자의 범위를 확대하여 교육의 효과를 증대시키며, 수강 프로그램의 내용과 진행방법의 다양화 및 대상자의 특성에 맞는 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이다.

The Ministry of Justice has revised the existing "law concerning the execution of criminal punishment" in the way that enhanced human rights for inmates and their ability for reintegration. To fulfil this goal, the authority changed the title of the law to "the Law concerning correctional facilities and the treatment for inmates and waited for legislative process. In the same context, the corrections bureau in the Ministry recently announced "The Strategic Plan for the Changes in Correctional Administration" to show its committment for innovation. This article reviewed the contents of the new law and the strategic plan, and then pointed out some limitations of these efforts. When it comes to the new law-The law concerning correctional facilities and the treatment for inmates, the contents of the law did not reach the expectation, first because there are too many exceptions that breach the basic human rights of inmates and second, the law did not make any efforts or policies to enhance the adapatability of inmates into a wider society compulsory. Instead, it allow authorities use discretionary power. As far as the Strategic Plan is concerned, it seems too idealistic. In other words, many proposed plan is hard to achieve in reality. Therefore I suggested some alternative ideas such as developing correctional programs for short-time inmates, improving living conditions in facilities, linking classification system and progressive treatment system, and increasing parolees by utilizing the probation system.

하이드로사이클론은 다양한 산업 방면의 고·액 분리를 위해 널리 사용되어왔다. 왜냐하면 하이드로사이클론의 적당한 응용으로 폭넓은 범위의 입자에 적용이 가능하기 때문이다. 불순물을 함유한 해수가 펌프나 열교환기로 흘러가면 그것은 해수 냉각시스템의 효율을 저하시키는 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 하이드로사이클론을 이용한 해수 냉각시스템에서 불순물을 분리하는 몇가지 방법을 제시했다. 설계의 영향을 미치는 인자로서 고체농도, 사이클론 입구압력, 하부배출구의 직경과 유량에 따른 하이드로사이클론의 분리효율에 대해 연구를 하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 고형물질의 농도가 감소할수록 고·액 분리의 효율이 증가하였다. 2) 사이클론 입구압력이 증가함에 따라 분리효율이 증가하였다. 결과적으로 이 연구에서는 하이드로사이클론을 기계류 냉각시스템의 전처리장치로 사용한다면 엔진시스템에서 예상치 못했던 사고를 방지할 수 있을 것이다.

The goal of this study is to propose the improved scheme that prevents the workers against musculoskeletal disorders at a fishcake manufacturing company, A questionnaire and an ergonomic assessment method were adopted to analyze the symptoms of workers' musculoskeletal disorders, and an analysis of working postures and a quantitative assessment on various processes were performed to find out harmful factors of workplace. Based on the result of the evaluation, to enhance the working environment, improvement of worktable, working space, tools, and outfit was suggested, and induction of mechanical system was also suggested. Suggested improvement plan was applied to the workplace step by step and it is confirmed that improvement plan can removes the injurious factors of musculoskeletal diseases effectively.

The National Education Information System(NEIS) has been utilized in primary and secondary schools. In this paper, we consider the NEIS should be used not only for educational administration affairs, but also for a lifelong management of national human re

The National Education Information System(NEIS) has been utilized in primary and secondary schools. In this paper, we consider the NEIS should be used not only for educational administration affairs, but also for a lifelong management of national human resource. The current School Information Management System(SIMS), including the NEIS, is unsatisfactory due to the insufficiency of actual field suitability and end-user's conveniency. To this, we have devised improvements of the SIMS in the seven problem areas: (1) The core business process of the school should be analyzed sufficiently and reflected in SIMS. (2) We should fully utilize groupware functions which activate the learning organization. (3) We might apply and use the CRM techniques of enterprises in SIMS. (4) The SIMS should be easy to make necessary school assessment data. (5) We should complement functions of the SIMS for a lifelong healthcare information management of national human resource. (6) The SIMS should support the school lunch management. (7) We should bring BOM and workflow concepts into the SIMS.

The purpose of this study was to propose a task-related circuits program for stroke patients and to test the difference in functional improvements between patients undergoing conventional physical therapy and those participating in a task-related circuits exercise program. The subjects were 10 stroke in-patients of the Korea National Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. We measured the following variables: Motor Assessment Scale (MAS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Tone Assessment Scale (TAS), speed of gait, rate of step, physiological costs index, age, weight, height, site of lesion, onset day and whether the subject participated in an exercise program. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 10.0/PC using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman's correlation. The results of the experiment were as follows: (1) In the pre-test and post-test for function, there was not a statistical significance between the group partaking in a task-related circuits program and the group of conventional physical therapy (p>.05). (2) In the MAS, BBS and speed of gait test, the group undergoing conventional physical therapy showed a statistical significance (p<.05). (3) In the MAS, BBS, speed of gait, PCI, TAS (passive, associated reaction, TAS total score), the group of task-related circuits program showed a statistical significance (p<.05). As a result, the group participating in a task-related circuits program had a more functional improvement than the group participating in conventional physical therapy. Therefore, an intervention recommended for a stroke patient would be a task-related circuits program consisting of a longer session of each task for a more improved functional recovery.

Release on parole is a system by which a person who, by judgment, was sentenced to imprisonment and is confined in prison is released even before a prison term expires in case his behavior is exemplary and he shows sincere repentance and, thereafter unless the release on parole is cancelled or invalidated under his behavior, the execution of the punishment is to be considered terminated. Release on parole not only make convict's return to society earlier by reducing a period of unnecessary punishment execution, but also plays a role of promoting convict's voluntary desire to return to society during a term of imprisonment. Therefore, a parole system, only if active and appropriately operated in the right direction, can be said to be a very ideal correctional system able to make convict's return to society earlier. But, in spite of the legal basis that can execute extensively within the country probationary supervision on an adult convict who was release on parole, a parole system is negatively carried out in our country, which is probably caused by people regarding parole as only a reduced term of imprisonment. But, parole can be regarded as not a reduced term of imprisonment but a new type of execution of punishment converted from institutional treatment into community treatment. Like this, parole means that a convict in confinement is converted from the conditions under institutional treatment to the conditions under community treatment, so this system may bring about the maximum probationary effects only if amicable cooperation between the persons in charge of institutional and community treatment is realized. Accordingly, the criminal policy tends to stress more the importance of community treatment of a convict than that of institutional treatment. From such a viewpoint, in this paper, I inquired into the present situation of the parole system of our country and proposed a plan for improving the parole examination system (Parole Examination Committee and Probationary Supervision Examination Committee), a plan for linking parole to probationary supervision, a plan for making parole activated, etc.

The purpose of a man-machine chart is improved utilization of a man or a machine. Improved utilization can mean less idle time, rebalanced idle time, or less idle time of an excessive component. In this study we improved the productivity of the assembly line in the electronics company using man-machine chart. The results are applicable for improving the effectiveness of line balancing problems in the electronics industry.

The Introduction of the Criminal Treatment System such as the Community Service Order, can minimize the possibility of a second conviction by Criminals. The Community Service Order gives Criminals a chance to receive various treatment services, while living in the open society. The Community Service Order System is a meaningful method in the Criminal Policy because of its several social advantages; 1) It enables the government to save the budget by isolating Criminals from the society. 2) It protects less serious offenders from learning new skills for the new crimes from old offenders in the correctional institution by being held together at one place. Many nations have adopted this Community Service Order system and it became effective in their society. It is one of the most effective systems for correcting criminals. In Korea, this system has been evaluated as a revolutional system demonstrating the good results after being introduced in the amended Criminal Law on January 1st, 1997. However, this Community Service Order system needs to be supplemented byh the following points in order to serve society as a better correctional method for the Criminals. First, we should establish the purpose and the philosophy for enforcing the Community Service Order to Criminals. Second, we should educate and train the professional manpowers, such as probation officers, to polish and enforce this system. Third, we should not only make very clear and restricted punishments for the Criminals violating the Community Service Order, but also give a consideration to them for performing it positively. Finally, we should make it into a law to perform the Community Service Order within a certain period of time after receiving the order from the court, and the probation office should develop various Community Service Order programs to give criminals more chances to participate in these programs positively. Through these opportunities, we are able to make Criminals feel like a member of Society who should obey the law and public morals, and to assist them returning back to society as normal, not Criminal, with this Community Service Order system.

This Research suggests improvement of current correctional policy on juvenile delinquents. It argues that recent augmentation of crimes committed by younger juveniles and its aggravation is caused by correctional policy based on punitive execution. For the research, 552 correctional officers from youth detention centers and prison for youth in Kyoung-ggi, Dae-jeon, Cheon-an, and Kim-cheon of 1,550 correctional officers from all the correctional facilities for the youth draw up the self-reports. This illustrates us satisfactions on the facilities and its educational or vocational programs offered. It also shows us how correctional community protects released youth from possible repeated offenses. According to the result of self-reports, more than half of participants were satisfied with current correctional facilities, however many participants point out that correctional facilities must be improved to be more mitigate. Even though there are positive views on the intellectual education, academic education and vocational training offered in the current correctional system, lots of them believe it needs to offer more practical education that youth can fit into the community more successfully after release. In addition, many people take interests in new treatment system such as group home, foster homes, day treatment and alternative school program which are community treatments performed in America and Australia. However, it needs to examine carefully though. For the future, when these variety system operates successfully, we can forecast that they will reduce crimes of juvenile delinquents and contribute to prevention of possible repeated offenses.

Petunia hybrida와 Nicotiana sanderae의 원형질체(原形質體) 융합(融合)에 의한 체세포잡종식물(體細胞雜種植物)을 얻기 위하여 원형질체융합(原形質體融合)에 미치는 융합제(融合濟)의 종류, PEG의 처리시간(處理時間) 및 융합시(融合時) 온도(溫度), 융합용액(融合溶液)과 희석용액내(稀釋溶液內)의 의 양(量) 및 희석용액(稀釋溶液)의 pH에 대해 실험(實驗)하였으며 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 두 종(種)의 원형질체(原形質體)를 5.5mM이 함유(含有)된 PEG 6,000 30%용액(溶液)으로 에서 10분간 처리(處理)한 후 50mM이 함유(含有)된 희석용액(稀釋溶液)의 pH를 9.0으로 조절(調節)한 용액(溶液)으로 희석(稀釋)시켰을 때 원형질체(原形質體) 융합율(融合率)이 가장 높았다.

In Korea, the developmental gap is deep between rural and urban areas in spacial aspect and, or between agricultural and industrial side. So there are much room for improvement in agri. development in national standpoint as well as in individual farmer's level. In this respect, agricultural financing is requisitive to speed up the pace of agricultural development and in result, to contribute to improvement of farm income. By the way, farmers' credit demands are always in excess-demand status and they rely on private money-lenders in the burden of high interest rate. In agricultural financing market, there are two kinds of credit ; institutional credit and non-institutional credit market, that is private money-lending. In institutional credit, there are mutual credit system operating by the primary coops and policy credit system by NACF financed by Government in part. Here, in this paper, I venture to study on the improvements of the policy credit system to increase and activate the supply function of agri. policy credit into farmers to enhance their socio-economic status.