The objectives of this study to determine seasonal changes in species composition and abundance of fish and decapod assemblage, and the relationships between environmental factors and their abundance in an eelgrass bed of Jindong Bay. A total of 26 fish species and 29 decapod species were collected by a small beam trawl from an eelgrass bed in Jindong Bay in 2002. The dominant fish species were Hexagrammos otakii, Pholis neulosa and P. fangi and these accounted for 48.4 % in the total number of individuals. Dominant decapod taxa were Palaemon macrodactylus, Charybdis japonica, Pagurus minutus and C. bimaculata. These were primarily small species or early juveniles of larger species. Species composition and abundance varied greatly showing a peak in the number of individuals in April and May, and peak biomass in fish in July and decapods in August. Catch rate was low in winter months both in fish and in decapod. Seasonal changes in the abundance of fishes and decapods corresponded with eelgrass biomass and abundance of food organisms indirectly.

A total of 164 individuals of Hippocampus coronatus were collected from an eelgrass bed in Dongdae Bay, Korea from September 2006 to August 2007. The number of individuals of H. coronatus was higher in September 2006. The size of H. coronatus ranged from 2.4 to 9.3cm in height (Ht), and most of individuals were small size below 5cm (Ht). H. coronatus was a carnivore which consumed mainly gammarid amphipods and copepods. Its diets also included a small amount ofmysids, ostracods, brachiopods, caprellid amphipods, bathynellaceas, isopods, tanaids, and ascothoracids. The diets of H. coronatus underwent size-related changes; smaller individuals consumed copepods, while larger individuals ate gammarid amphipods and mysids. The dietary breadth index of H. coronatus was increased with increasing of their size.

Wastewater containing heavy metals such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) is harmful to humans and the environment due to its high toxicity. Crystallization in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) has recently received significant attention for heavy metal removal and recovery. It is necessary to find optimum reaction conditions to enhance crystallization efficacy. In this study, the effects of crystallization reagent and pH were investigated to maximize crystallization efficacy of Cu-S and Ni-S in a FBR. CaS and Na2S·9H2O were used as crystallization reagent, and pH were varied in the range of 1 to 7. Additionally, each optimum crystallization condition for Cu and Ni were sequentially employed in two FBRs for their selective removal from the mixture of Cu and Ni. As major results, the crystallization of Cu was most effective in the range of pH 1-2 for both CaS and Na2S·9H2O reagents. At pH 1, Cu was completely removed within five minutes. Ni showed a superior reactivity with S in Na2S·9H2O compared to that in CaS at pH 7. When applying each optimum crystallization condition sequentially, only Cu was firstly crystallized at pH 1 with CaS, and then, in the second FBR, the residual Ni was completely removed at pH 7 with Na2S·9H2O. Each crystal recovered from two different FBRs was mainly composed of CuxSy and NiS, respectively. Our results revealed that Cu and Ni can be selectively recovered as reusable resources from the mixture by controlling pH and choosing crystallization reagent accordingly.

본 연구는 딸기의 2단 고설베드재배가 끝난 여름철 동안 수박재배 시, 베드 위치와 재식밀도가 수박의 과실 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 고설 베드상자는 길이 102cm, 폭 22cm, 높이 13cm의 규격이고, 배지는 코코피트(coir)를 사용하였다. 수박은 베드 위치 및 재식밀도에 따라 베드상단 1주(A), 베드 상하단 각 1주로 상단(B) 및 하단(C), 상하단 각2주로 상단 2주(D), 하단 2주(E)로 정식 처리하였다. 수박은 2012년 5월 8일에 2단 고설베드에 정식하여 양액과 점적관수로 재배하였고 7월 25일에 수확되었다. 수박의 품질을 비교하고자, 과실 무게와 크기를 조사하였고, 과육 내 비타민 C, 플라보노이드, 페놀화합물, 당도 및 산도 등의 기능성 화합물을 분석하였다. 과실의 외관 품질인 과고, 과폭 및 과중은 A처리가 다른 처리에 비하여 가장 높았다. 특히 과중은 A, B, C, D, E처리 순으로 무거웠다. 식물체의 초장이나 엽수는 유의적 차이가 없었으나 줄기 직경과 엽면적은 A처리가 유의하게 컸다. 수박 과육 내플라보노이드, 항산화 활성 및 산도는 처리 간에 유의적 차이가 없었다. 한편 당도는 A, B 및 D 처리에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 또한 페놀화합물 함량은 A처리가 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 대과의 수박 생산을 위해서는 A처리, 소과의 수박 생산에는 D와 E의 처리가 유리할 것으로 판단되었다.

The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), is an ectoparasitic pest that feeds on humans as well as other mammals. We investigate that point mutations on the voltage-sensitive sodium channel are associated with the resistance to pyrethroids. Two point mutations (V419L and L925I) in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) α-subunit gene have been identified in deltamethrin-resistant bed bugs. L925I, located the intracellular loop between IIS4 and IIS5, has been previously found in a highly pyrethroid-resistant populations of whitefly. V419L, located in the IS6 transmembrane segment, is a novel mutation. To establish a population-based genotyping method as a molecular resistance monitoring tool, a quantitative sequencing (QS) protocol was developed. Frequency prediction equations were generated from the plots by linear regression, and the signal ratios were shown to highly correlate with resistance allele frequencies (r2 > 0.993). In addition to QS, the filter contact vial bioassay (FCVB) method was established and used to determine the baseline susceptibility and resistance of bed bugs to pyrethroids. A pyrethroid-resistant strain showed > 9375- and 6990-fold resistance to deltamethrin and λ-cyhalothrin, respectively. Resistance allele frequencies in different bed bug populations predicted by QS correlated well with the FCVB results, confirming the roles of the two mutations in pyrethroid resistance. Taken together, employment of QS in conjunction with FCVB method should greatly facilitate the detection and monitoring of pyrethroid resistant bed bugs in the field.

본 연구는 토마토 코이어 자루재배시 습해의 원인을 구명하고 습해를 방지하기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험은 미니찰을 고시하고 단동형 2중 플라스틱하우스에서 실시 되었다. 배양액은 Yamazaki 토마토 전용배양액을 사용하였으며. 배양액 공급시간은 해뜨고 1시간 후 시작하여 해지기 2시간 전에 종료하였다. 자루당 I자형 찢기 및 L 자형 찢기는 6개씩 15cm 길이로 찢었으며, 밑 찢기는 3 개씩 15cm 길이로 뚫었다. 배액구 위치에 따른 배지무게는 포습 24시간 후 I자형 찢기는 14.2kg, L자형 찢기는 13.8kg, 밑 찢기는 12.8kg로 밑 찢기가 가장 가벼웠다. 포습 24시간 후 1일 관수하여 무게를 측정한 결과 I 자형 찢기는 14.5kg, L자형 찢기 14.2kg, 밑 찢기 13.3kg 로 역시 밑 찢기가 가벼웠다. 이것은 밑 찢기에서 배지 내 함수량이 가장 적은 것을 의미한다. 부정근 발생정도 는 I자형 뚫기 및 L자형 뚫기에서 160 및 170개 발생하였으나 밑 뚫기에서는 53개 발생하였다. 뿌리의 건물중 (5주)은 밑 찢기가 57g으로 I자형 찢기 23g 및 L자형 찢기 25g과 비교해서 2배 이상 높았으며, 뿌리길이도 밑 찢기가 31.4cm로 다른 찢기 방법과 비교하여 길었다. 상품수량은 밑 찢기가 26.5kg/20주 로 I자형 찢기 19.7kg, L 자형 찢기 24.0kg와 비교해 높은 수량성을 보였다. 따라서 U자형 베드에서 코이어 자루배지를 이용하여 수경재배를 할 경우 배액구는 밑 찢기로 만들어야 습해를 방지하여 생산성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

A galactose fermentation bacterium producing lactose from red seaweed, which was known well to com-promise the galactose as main reducing sugar, was isolated from button mushroom bed in Buyeo-Gun, Chungchugnam-do province. The lactic acid bacteria MONGB-2 was identified as Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans by analysisof 16S rRNA gene sequence. When the production of lactic acid and acetic acid by L. paracasei MONGB-2 was inves-tigated by HPLC analysis with various carbohydrates, the strain MONGB-2 efficiently convert the glucose and galactoseto lactic acid with the yield of 18.86 g/L and 18.23 g/L, respectively and the ratio of lactic acid to total organic acidswas 1.0 and 0.91g/g for both substrates. However, in the case of acetic acid fermentation, other carbohydrates besidesgalactose and red seaweed hydrolysate could not be totally utilized as carbon sources for acetic acid production by thestrain. The lactic acid production from glucose and galactose in the fermentation time courses was gradually enhancedupto 60 h fermentation and the maximal concentration reached to be 16-18 g/L from both substrates after 48 h of fer-mentation. The initial concentration of glucose and galactose were completely consumed within 36 h of fermentation, ofwhich the growth of cell also was maximum level. In addition, the bioconversion of lactic acid from the red seaweedhydrolysate by L. paracasei MONGB-2 appeared to be about 20% levels of the initial substrates concentration and thisresults were entirely lower than those of galactose and glucose showed about 60% of conversion. The apparent resultsshowed that L. paracasei MONGB-2 could produce the lactic acid with glucose as well as galactose by the homof-ermentation through EMP pathway

Y-Aminobutyric acid(GABA) is a four carbon non-protein amino acid that has several well-known phys-iological functions, such as a postsynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and induction of hypotensive and tran-quilizer effects. A lactic acid bacterium was isolated from button mushroom bed, which is showing high GABAproductivity by TLC or HPLC analysis. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus hilgardii by analysis of 16S rDNAgene sequence. When the maximum production of GABA by L. hilgardii was investigated with various concentration ofmonosodium glutamate, the yield of GABA reached to be 53.65mM at 1% mono sodium glutamate (MSG) in flask cul-tivation. A Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme, which was known to convert MSG to GABA, was purified froma cell-free extract of L. hilgardii and the molecular weights of purified GAD was estimated to 60,000 by SDS-PAGE.The optimum pH and temperature of GAD were at pH4.6 and at 37°C, respectively. The GAD activity was increasedby the addition of sulfate ions such as ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, indicating that theincrease of hydrophobic interaction causes the increase of GAD activity.

‘Orange Song’은 전북농업기술원에서 2011년 육성된 화단용 아시아틱나리 품종이다. 1999년 분홍색 아시아틱나리 ‘Chianti’을모본으로 하고 노랑색 아시아틱나리 ‘Madras’를 부본으로 하여주두수분법을 이용 인공 교배 후, 2002년 20개 실생묘 가운데개화 후 특성이 우수한 JaL02-46 계통을 선발하였다. 2003에서 2009년 까지 조직배양과 포장 양구를 통해 증식시킨 후 특성검정을 실시하였다. 2010~2011년 노지포장 적응시험을 위해전북농업기술원 익산포장과 남원, 고창 등 3곳의 노지포장에서 2년간 특성조사를 실시하였고 ‘Orange Song’으로 명명 되었다.노지에서 3지역 모두 2년간 평균 생존률이 98.7%로 높았고엽수도 48.3장으로 대조품종 Partner에 비해 8.4장이 많았다.개화기가 6월 22일로 중만생종에 속하고 진노랑색(RHS, O24A)이며 개화방향은 상향이고 내부에 반점이 있다. 초장이 50cm이하이고 잎마름병에 강한 특성을 가지고 있으며 수확한 구근의구주는 9.6cm, 무게는 17.7g으로 조사되었다.

A total of 35 phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains were isolated from waste mushroom bed of Agar-icus bisporus in Buyeo-Gun, Chungnam and screened for the production of indole acetic acid (IAA). The best IAAproducing strain was identified as Pantoea rodasii using 16S rRNA analysis. In addition to the IAA production, thisstrain could act as an efficient phosphate solubilizer (1100µg ml-1 after 5days of incubation) also. The selected strainwas cultured under different conditions in order to assess the optimum conditions for maximum IAA production. Thenutrient broth (NB) medium was recorded as the best medium, where the maximum IAA production (229µg ml-1)was recorded at the start of stationary phase (12hours after inoculation) of the bacteria growth. The performanceof the strain was found to be maximum at the temperature of 30℃ followed by 25℃. IAA production was foundto be increased with increasing tryptophan concentration (from 0.1 to 0.6%), however beyond this limit, a slight reduc-tion in IAA production was observed. The strains’ ability to produce IAA was further confirmed by extraction ofcrude IAA and subsequent TLC analysis. A specific spot from the extracted IAA preparation was found correspondingwith the standard spot of IAA with same Rf value. The results of HPLC analysis conducted in identifying and quan-tifying the IAA production more precisely, are in agreement with the results of the assessment done with colorimetricmethod. As revealed by the results of the pot experiment, the isolated strain could significantly enhance the growth(as measured by shoot and root growth) of mung bean plants compared to that of non-inoculated plants. Thereforeit can be concluded that the present strain, Pantoea rodasii has great potential to be used as bio-inoculants.

A total of 35 phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains were isolated from waste bed of Agaricus bisporus in Buyeo-Gun, Chungchugnam-do province and screened for the production of indole acetic acid(IAA). The best IAA producing strain was identified as Pantoea rodasii using 16S rRNA analysis. In addition to the IAA production, this strain could act as an efficient phosphate solubilizer (1100 μg ml-1 after 5 days of incubation) also. The selected strain was cultured under different conditions in order to assess the optimum conditions for maximum IAA production. The nutrient broth (NB) medium was recorded as the best medium, where the maximum IAA production (229 μg ml-1) was recorded at the start of stationary phase (12 hours after inoculation) of the bacteria growth. The performance of the strain was found to be maximum at the temperature of 30°C followed by 25°C. IAA production was found to be increased with increasing tryptophan concentration (from 0.1 to 0.6%), however beyond this limit, a slight reduction in IAA production was observed. The strains’ ability to produce IAA was further confirmed by extraction of crude IAA and subsequent TLC analysis. A specific spot from the extracted IAA preparation was found corresponding with the standard spot of IAA with same Rf value. The results of HPLC analysis conducted in identifying and quantifying the IAA production more precisely, are in agreement with the results of the assessment done with colorimetric method. As revealed by the results of the pot experiment, the isolated strain could significantly enhance the growth (as measured by shoot and root growth) of mung bean plants compared to that of non-inoculated plants. Therefore it can be concluded that the present strain, Pantoea rodasii has great potential to be used as bio-inoculants.

실비늘치(6.70~5.32 cm TL)의 성장과 생산량에 대한 연구는 동대만 잘피밭에서 2006년도에 실시하였다. 실비늘치 시료는 소형 빔트롤에 의해서 총 888개체가 채집되었다. Bertalanffy 성장식을 이용하여 구한 전장의 성장식은 Lt=24.8257(1-e-0.5583(t+0.4816))이었다. 실비늘치의 밀도, 생체량, 일일생산량, 연간생산량, 그리고 P/B ratio는 각각 0.01±0.009/m2, 0.17±0.16g/m2, 0.00006±0.00006g AFDW/m2/day, 0.02g AFDW/m2/yr, 그리고 0.12이었다. 실비늘치 생산량의 월변화는 컸으며, 7월(0.000182g AFDW/m2/day), 9월(0.000127g AFDW/m2/day) 그리고 11월(0.000123g AFDW/m2/day)에 높았으며, 4월과 5월(0.000003g AFDW/m2/day)에 가장 낮았다. 실비늘치의 생산량의 월변화는 개체수와 생체량, 그리고 성장률과 양의 상관관계를 보였다.

수위 및 침수기간이 저수하안 식생공법의 식생피도에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 심곡천 실험구에 적용된 식생공법에 대한 시공모니터링을 수행하였다. 시공모니터링의 항목은 각 공법의 출현식물종과 피복도, 토양의 이화학적 특성, 수위 및 수질 등이다. 모니터링 결과, 2010년도 5월 1차 조사에서는 모든 저수하안 식생공법의 식물생육은 양호하였으나, 2011년 약 1주일 이하의 침수가 있었던 6월 2차 조사에서는 적용된 식생공법의 식물 생육상태 및 피도가 부분적으로 불량하였다. 그리고 조사 기간 중 침수기간이 약 8주로 가장 길었던 8월 3차 조사에서는 갈대를 제외한 대부분의 식생이 고사하였다. 하지만 침수기간이 2주 이내로 3차 조사 때 보다 수위가 하강한 10월 4차 조사에서는 식물의 출현종수와 피복도가 점차 회복되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이에 정량적 분석을 위하여 식생공의 식물출현종수 및 피도와 수위, 침수기간에 대한 상관성 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 출현종수 및 피도는 수위 및 침수기간과는 음(-)의 상관성을 나타내었는데, 침수기간이 수위보다 다소 더 높은 상관성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

본 연구에서는 유한한 깊이의 투수층에 의한 에너지 감쇠효과를 고려한 파랑의 변형을 해석하였다. 파의 에너지 감쇠율과 상대수심의 관계식을 제시하였으며, 에너지 감쇠율을 고유함수전개법에 사용하여 투수층에 의한 에너지 감쇠를 계산하였다. 투수성이 있는 수중둔덕에 대해서, 수치실험 결과는 해석해로 간주할 수 있는 적분방정식의 결과와 비교하여 잘 일치하였다. 또한, 투수경사에 의한 반사율을 다양한 주파수에 대해서 실험하였으며, 수치실험 결과, 수심이 매우 커서 수면파가 투수층의 영향을 받을 정도가 아닌 경우에는 상대적으로 파장이 짧은 파랑일수록 투수층의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 나타났다.

A xylanase bacteria, isolated from Waste Mushroom bed of Agaricus bisporus in Sukseong-myeon, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, was used to produce an xylanase in shaker buffle flask cultures containing oat spelt xylans. This strain was screen onto xylan agar congo-red plate by the xylanolysis method. The phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequence data showed that Bacillus subtilisstrain 55 had the highest homology (99.0%) with Bacillus subtilisand it was named Bacillus subtilisstrain 55. Bacteria grows and activity maximum during 2 days. The xylanase enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (50~80%), gel filtration on sephacryl S-300, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE sepharose FF. The molecular weight determined by SDS-PAGE method. Enzyme size was 44kDa. The optimal pH of the xylanase activity was pH 7, and stability pH 6. The optimal temperature for the xylanase activity and stability was showed same temperature at 50℃. The purified xylnase had Kmvalue and Vmax of 20㎎/㎖ and 2500μM/min respectively. The enzyme was active on oat spelt xylan, beechwood xylan and little activity on starch substrate specificity. Enzyme activity was enhanced by Fe2+and Mn2+and strongly inhibited by Hg+.