본 연구는 제주도 저지대에 분포하고 있는 곰솔군락 하층 식생의 구성종을 파악하여, 한국의 난온대지역인 제주도에서 상록침엽수림이 천이가 진행되면 원래의 잠재식생인 상록활엽수림으로 바뀌는지를 알아보고자하였다. 식생조사 는 곰솔우점군락 65지점의 조사결과를 이용하였으며, 하층 식생(T2, S, H)을 구성하는 목본종의 계층별 상대피도(RFi, %), 상대빈도(RCi, %) 그리고 중요치(importance value)를 활용하였다. 상대피도는 아교목층이 까마귀쪽나무, 곰솔, 후박나무, 사스레피나무, 참식나무 순으로, 관목층은 까마귀쪽나무, 사스레피나무, 후박나무, 예덕나무, 참식나무 순으로, 초본 층은 까마귀쪽나무, 참식나무, 예덕나무, 우묵사스레피나 무, 후박나무 순으로 높았다. 상대빈도는 아교목층이 후박나무, 사스레피나무, 참식나무, 예덕나무, 까마귀쪽나무 순으로, 관목층은 까마귀쪽나 무, 예덕나무, 참식나무, 후박나무, 팽나무 순으로, 초본층은 까마귀쪽나무, 참식나무, 예덕나무, 우묵사스레피, 후박나무 순으로 높았다. 중요치는 아교목층이 후박나무, 사스레피나무, 곰솔, 까 마귀쪽나무, 참식나무 순으로, 관목층은 까마뀌쪽나무, 사스레피나무, 후박나무, 예덕나무, 천선과나무 순으로, 초본 층은 까마귀쪽나무, 후박나무, 참식나무, 사스레피나무, 예덕나무 순으로 높았다. TWINSPAN에 의한 군락구별은 Level 1에서 사스레피 나무(+), 까마귀쪽나무·우묵사스레피(-)로, Level 2은 까마 귀쪽나무(+)와 천선과나무·예덕나무·돈나무(-) 및 종가시시 나무(+)로, Level 3은 우묵사스레피(+), 구실잣밤나무(+), 예덕나무(+)와 팽나무(-), 후박나무(-)의 출현에 의해 총 8개 군집으로 구별되었으며, CCA 분석을 통해 해발고도, 경사, 해안으로부터의 거리 그리고 교목층의 피도가 곰솔군락의 하층식생 구성종에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다. 향후, 곰솔 군락은 앞으로 난온대 상록활엽수인 후박나 무, 까마귀쪽나무, 참식나무, 사스레피나무 등으로의 천이 가 예측된다.

귤애가루깍지벌레는 감귤의 주요 깍지벌레 중 하나로 시설재배에서 피해가 심하다. 귤애가루깍지벌레는 밀집하여 발생하는 특성을 갖고 있으며, 귤굴나방이나 잎말이나방류 피해 잎에 기생하고 있어 약제 방제가 어려운 원인이 되기도 한다. 제주지역의 친환경 감귤원을 대상으로 천적곤충과 병원성 미생물을 조사하였다. 천적곤충은 기생성 천척은 Anagyrus sp. 1종과 포식성 천적은 혹파리 일종인 Golanudiplosis japonicus와 꼬마남생이무당벌레 Propylea japonica, 무당벌레 Harmonia axyridis, 풀잠자리 Chrysoperla carnea, 호랑풀잠자리 Micromus sp. 5종이었다. Anagyrus sp. 성충을 황색끈끈이트랩으로 연중 시기별 발생양상을 조사한 결과 5월 하순~11월 상순까지 발생하였으며, 귤애가루 깍지벌레 1세대 기간 동안 2회의 발생성기가 나타났다. 그 외에 곤충병원성 곰팡이 일종인 Paecilomyces sp.가 확인되었 는데, 주로 장마철에 자연발생되고 있었다. 귤애가루깍지벌레 생물적 방제를 위해 수입 천적인 Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (상품명: 깍지무당벌레)를 농가에서 구입하여 활용하고 있다.

감귤그린병(Citrus Huanglongbing Disease)은 전 세계적으로 감귤산업에 가장 큰 피해를 주는 병해로 국내 미분포종인 귤나무이(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)가 매개충으로 알려져 있다. 바이러스에 감염된 나무는 5~12년내에 대부분 고사하며 열매는 크지 못하고 색이 들지 않는 증상을 보여 상품성을 저해시킨다. 현재 접목, 묘목, 매개충등의 유입으로 전 세계적으로 확산되고 있는 실정이다. 귤나무이의 국내 분포가능성이 꾸준히 제시되면서 유입 대비를 위한 예찰방법 및 동정법 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 제주도에는 총 33종이 분포하는 것으로 알려져 있으며(권, 1983; Cho & burckhardt, 2017) 2016년부터 지금까지의 조사로 11종의 나무이와 10종의 기주식물을 확인되었다. 귤나무가 속해있는 운향과를 기주로 하는 나무이는 발견되지 않았다.

This article is focused on some scenarios of a third way for Jeju Peace Island for Koreas as one of provincial government. In 2002 and 2006, We suggest United Three States of Korea : South Korea, North Korea and Jeju Island Korea. But in real situation Korean government chooses the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. After practicing it 11 years, Jeju islanders are complaining it is not enough for them to improve its autonomy to push its policies on its way without empowering main authorities to local province from central government. So, they wants more power through revision of Korean Constitution as same as State government of USA and Switzerland such as guaranteeing special status of Jeju government as Hong Kong of China. In our opinion, in a word, Jeju islanders want to become “ Jeju Peace Self-Governing Province,” for two Koreas.

Moderately diverse, but very abundant trace fossils are found from the Late Pleistocene deposits of Jeju Island, Korea. Vertical I-, Y- and U-shaped domichnia of annelids or decapods are, over 2500, extremely abundant, 3D network domichnia of callianassids are, over 200, very abundant, and small sinuous trails of nematode repichnia are, over 50, abundant in number. Horizontal trails attributable to polychaete or worm-like animals are, less than 50, common, but horizontal spreiten burrows, fish traces and crab trackways are, less than 10, rare in occurrence. Of these trace fossils, Taenidium barretti, Undichna britannica and Undichna unisulca represent the first record from the Pleistocene in Asia. Psilonichnus upsilon is the second record in Asia. Crab trackways probably produced by underwater punting gait of sideway walking crabs may represent the first record in the world. In addition, diverse and very abundant footprints of more than 500 hominids, more than 200 birds and more than 1000 mammals are closely associated with these invertebrate trace fossils. Trace fossil assemblage integrated with sedimentary facies is interpreted to have been formed in the marginal marine foreshore to backshore environment corresponding to the Psilonichnus and Skolithos ichnofacies.

Special law on the development of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province and the formation of Jeju International Free City is the basic law that regulates the order of Jeju society. However, with Jeju Special Law considered to be the development law, criticism has been raised on what was the purpose of the Special Self-Governing Province. Efforts are also being made to reflect the position of Jeju in the constitution in 2018, but it is not easy to drop the label of development-oriented laws again if the actual direction of special laws on Jeju is not established properly. The wrong meeting between Jeju's special autonomous province and the international free city has led to criticism on various issues, such as reckless development, environmental degradation, and the rise of land prices and damage to residents.

An analysis of recent studies and a field survey were conducted to investigate the distribution of the exotic species Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and the results’ applicability for biological control against ragweed, which disturbs the island’s ecosystem. The ragweed beetle (O. communa) can be found anywhere on the host plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., which grows in Jeju Island. Moreover, ragweed beetles possess the following characteristics: a high host plant specificity, a high-temperature resistance, an excellent mobility, and multivoltinism. Ragweed is extensively distributed and gradually expands its habitat further on Jeju Island. For this reason, it is recommended to take advantage of O. communa for the biological control of ragweed instead of pesticides or direct removal, considering that Jeju is endowed with many natural reserves and unique insular traits.

The ocean is used as the term of sea, it is expressed as a large sea. Marine tourism is an activity that takes place in the sea and on the coast. Many experts prospect that the 21st century will be the century of ocean. In recent years, many countries are interested in ocean and marine tourism can be significantly developed in the future. Jeju Island is an island formed by a volcanic eruption, which has a very high landscape value, and It is an oceanic climate with a yearly high temperature due to turbulent flow throughout the years, But Marine tourism is not developed. The purpose of this study is clarify the Marine Tourism activity types, Marine Tourism satisfaction and revisit intention of Chinese Tourists visiting JeJu island. And studies what is the needed activity types of Chinese Marine Tourist in future. This study deals with on the activity types, satisfaction and revisit intention of JeJu Marine Tourism With 252 effective responses gathered from an onsite survey. The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using techniques of frequency analysis, t-test and anova analysis.

송국리형문화는 우리나라 청동기시대의 대표적인 문화로서 지역적 보편성과 다양성을 보여준다. 이 문 화는 한반도에서 제주도로 전파되어 북제주의 삼양동과 남제주의 예래동과 화순리에서 대규모 취락을 형 성하였다. 이러한 배경은 제주 탐라문화의 지역 거점화를 이루는 계기를 마련해주었다. 제주도에서 송국리형문화는 유입기-확산기-토착기-전환기를 거치면서 발전한 것으로 파악된다. 시기에 따라 변화하는 물질문화와는 달리, 제주 토착민들은 송국리형주거의 전통을 원삼국시대까지 지속시켰다. 특히 호남 지역과 상통하는 주거문화가 전기간 동안 주류를 이루었다. 이러한 문화적 배경은 송국리형문 화가 제주의 토착적 기층문화를 형성했다는 점과 그 기원이 호남 지역에 있었다는 것을 설명해주는 근거 라고 생각한다. 제주도의 송국리형문화는 기원전 7세기 어느 시점에 등장하는 것으로 추정되며 기원후 2세기 이후까지 존속했던 것으로 파악된다. 이 기간 동안 제주도에서는 물질문화의 변화 과정을 거치는데, 기원전 300년 을 전후하면서부터 제주도만의 토착적인 토기문화를 이루게 된다. 이러한 양상은 외도동식토기가 출현하 는 기원후 2세기 전까지 원초적인 탐라문화로서의 특징이라고 할 수 있다. 외도동식토기의 출현과 곽지리 식토기로의 계승은 본격적인 탐라시대의 시작을 의미하므로 이전 단계는 古탐라시대라고 해도 무리는 아 니라고 판단된다.

Occurrence spontaneous mushrooms in eastern Jeju Muryeongarioreum, Sillyecheon-Iseungak, Kyoraegotjawal, Geomunoreum were examined in 2016. The collected mushrooms were classified by 15 order 56 family 149 genera 317 species. Among the collected mushrooms, 87 species of mushrooms were successfully incubated in mushroom complete medium in which DNA of 25 species were completely extracted and amplified using universal primers ITS1 (5’-CTTG GTCA TTTA GAGG AAGT AA-3’) and ITS4 (5’-TCCT CCGC TTAT TGAT ATGC-3’). Four species of them were differently identified between the classification by morphological observation and by analysis of DNA sequences i.e. by morphological identification Ganoderma applanatum, Armillaria gallica, Macrolepiota procera and Trametes gibbosa were identified as G. gibbosum, A. cepistipes, M. detersa and T. elegans by analysis of DNA sequences, respectively. Based on these results both identification ways might be necessary for correct classification of mushrooms. On the other hand, among the collected 317 mushrooms, 48 species could be identified to genus but not to species by the morphological observations. However, by the analysis of DNA sequences, 15 species were identified to species in which 6 species were unregistered mushrooms in Korea. Therefore, the analysis of DNA sequence may be useful to identify the mushrooms which are difficult to recognize by morphological observation.

We conclude if Jeju Peace Island for Koreas 2018 gets international awareness from participants in the spheres of Peace Island Education & Tourism Welfare Model at the Grass Roots Level, it will contribute to institutionalization of both peace island and welfare tourism. In addition, if Jeju government supports the financial budget for the establishment of a Jeju Peace University or a Jeju Environmental University, our efforts might include an impetus to create and operate a Jeju Peace University or a Jeju Environmental University based on collaborative Jeju Peace Studies in Korea and internationally in the nearer future. Of course, we believe that, through this kind of collaborative leadership, a vision of a Nonviolence Korea “Jeju Peace Island for two Koreas” might serve as a buffer zone potentially approved by the Six Nations in the Asia Pacific region in 2019.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of species by comparing the external shape traits and skull size of Tscherskia triton in Jeju Island from May 2014 to November 2016. Body weight, head-body length, ear length, and hind-foot length were not statistically significant (p>0.05), but tail length was statistically significant in females compared to males (p=0.003). To examine the secondary sexual dimorphism characteristics of the collected T. triton, B_HR, T_HR, E_HR, and H_HR were calculated based on the head-body length, and only T_HR was statistically significant (p=0.003). Because of comparing male and female averages, among the 21 traits, the greatest length of skull (GLS; p=0.020) and occipitonasal length (ONL; p=0.014) were statistically significant and length of incisive foramen (LIF) was statistically significant, when the significance level was 90%. However, the other 18 traits did not show statistically significant differences between males and females (p>0.05). Other than GLS, ONL, interorbital breadth (IB), and breadth of occipital foramen (BOF), there was female-biased SSD. The results of this study are the analysis of external morphology and skull characteristics of T. triton in Jeju Island and will be used as basic data to understand the morphological characteristics of T. triton. In addition, the data can be used as a basic information to compare characteristics of T. triton, which is known as a single species, inhabited in China and Russia. The data will play an important role in biogeography and ecology research of T. triton, based on geographical conditions, climate effects, and habitat environment.

Jeju Island provides a unique context for exploring remedies to mass harm. As a site of horrific historical human rights abuses and also ongoing present environmental degradation, Jeju offers a setting for exploring environmental justice as reparations. This Article argues for democratic, community-led environmental justice reparations prioritizing sustainable economic development and capacity building, aimed at benefiting Jeju residents rather than outside military, tourist, or other colonial interests.

중국 북부와 한국, 러시아 지역에 서식하는 비단털쥐(Tscherskia triton)의 분포를 제외한 생활사, 행동, 생태와 관련된 생물학적 특징에 대해서는 거의 연구된 바 없다. 이에 본 연구는 제주도에서 포획된 개체(n=9)를 대상으로 종 단위 연구의 기본이 되는 번식과 성장 및 발달에 대한 생물학적 정보를 밝히기 위하여 2015년 3월부터 2016년 12월까지 사육실에서 진행되었다. 연구결과, 임신률은 31.7%였고 좁은 케이지에서 보다 넓은 케이지에서 더 높게 나타났다(56.7 vs. 6.7％). 임신기간은 22±1.6일(범위 21-27일), 한배의 산자수(litter size)는 4.26±1.37마리(범위 2-7 마리)였다. 최소이 유시기는 19.2±1.4일(범위 18-21일)이었다. 출생 직후 새끼의 체중과 외부형태의 크기는 성별로 차이가 없었으나, 이유 시기부터 암수의 머리와 몸통길이(HBL)와 꼬리길이(TL)는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(HBL-weaning, 106.50±6.02 vs. 113.34±4.72㎜, p<0.05; HBL-4 months, 163.93±5.42 vs. 182.83±4.32㎜, p<0.05; TL-4 months, 107.23±3.25 vs. 93.95±2.15㎜, p<0.05). Gompertz 모형과 logistic 모형을 적용하였을 때, 머리-몸통길이에서는 수컷이 암컷보다 최대 성숙 길이가 길었고(164.840±7.453 vs. 182.830±4.319㎜, p<0.0001; 163.936±5.415 vs. 182.840±4.333㎜, p<0.0001), 성장률도 빨랐으나(1.351±0.065 vs. 1.435±0.085, p<0.05; 2.870±0.253 vs. 3.211±0.635, p<0.05), 성장곡 선의 기울기가 최대가 되는 일령은 암컷보다 조금 늦었다(5.121±0.318 vs. 5.520±0.333, p<0.05; 6.884±0.336 vs. 7.503±0.453, p<0.05). 한편 꼬리의 최대길이(105.695±5.938 vs. 94.150±2.507㎜, p<0.001; 111.609±14.881 vs. 93.960±2.150㎜, p<0.05)와 변곡점에서의 길이(60.306±1.992 vs. 67.859±1.330㎜, p<0.0001; 55.714±7.458 vs. 46.975±1.074㎜, p<0.05)는 암컷이 수컷보다 긴 것으로 나타났다. 두 성장모형에서 암수의 체중과 외부형태형질에 대한 성장률은 비교 결과 유사하였다. 이러한 결과는 비단털쥐의 종적 특징을 밝히는데 필요한 자료로 이용될 것이다.

The adult activity of M. alternatus caught in a pheromone trap showed a bimodal form consisted of the first peak in mid to late June and the second peak in mid to late September in Jeju area, Korea. The two peaks were separated apparently between mid and late August, showing a valley. The pine trees without oleoresin flow were abundant during early July to early August, and declined thereafter, which did not match with the valley of adult activity curve. Thus, the hypothesis that dying pine trees attract much strongly M. alternatus adults than that of pheromone lures may not fully explain the bimodal pattern, because the first adult activity peak occurred during the peak period of dying pine trees and it declined with decreasing dying pine trees. The accumulated degree-days showed that the emergence of the 2nd generation adults could occur before the second peak when the diapause ecology of M. alternatus was not considered. The voltinism of M. alternatus can affect basically the control strategy of this pest. Consequently, further studies are required to find out clearly the voltinism of M. alternatus in Korea.

Two sibling species of the genus Monopis Hübner are collected in Jeju Island, with one of them reported for the first time from Korea. The genus currently comprises approximately 100 named species, which are widespread and diverse throughout the Old World, but poorly represented in the New World. Many species of the genus Monopis have been reported in bird nests, feces, and wool products. The larvae of these moths feed on keratin and chitin sources, such as feather, pellet and guano. The adults are briefly described, illustrated and compared, including the male and female genitalia.

The aim of this paper is to illuminate some aspects of the Jeju 4.3 Grand Tragedy (the Jeju Tragedy) education and informing process. We hope to not only with these aspects show some aspects of moral origin of the Jeju World Peace Island movement, but to share a culture of peace with world citizens through world civilization education cross the Pacific at a local, national and global level. In addition bring liberty to the cause of national freedom of the SAM IL movement of 1919 in Korea. it actualizes itself as a peace buffer zone locally, nationally and globally through the “Jeju World Peace Island Treaty JWPIT,” based on international agreement of the Six Talks Nations because “it is believed that that they (Jeju islanders) will follow the pattern of the SAM IL movement of 1919 with the participants imbued with the spirit of sacrifice to life and liberty to the cause of national freedom (G-2 Summary Report)” as a moral origin of Jeju World Peace Island. Globally, one New Haven teacher has been working on an elective course called “The Power of Culture in a Multicultural World” in which to use social studies tools to investigate the meaning and importance of culture. Jeju offers an excellent opportunity to explore a culture that few New Haven students are familiar with. It will be for students to use the Jeju idea of turning troubles into opportunities, as a vehicle for addressing local issues” (“New Haven Learn- Teach Jeju 4.3,” New Haven Independent: March 29, 2017). Another New Haven teacher in his history class explains the different components of genocide. “Although the Jeju 4.3 events are not deemed genocide by the international community, using this as a lens to understand broader concepts seemed really exciting.” Jeju offers educators an opportunity to teach the curriculum but instead of gratuitous death and violence, there is a legacy of hope, healing, reconciliation and remembrance.” (Ibid, New Haven Independent: March 29, 2017). Locally and partially on the global level, “The Resurgence of Jeju 4.3 Social Healing Advocacy of “PETITION FOR A JOINT SOUTH KOREA AND UNITED STATES JEJU 4.3 INCIDENT TASK FORCE TO FURTHER IMPLEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AND FOSTER COMPREHENSIVE AND ENDURING SOCIAL HEALING THROUGH JUSTICE” (March 27, 2014). The petition supports a combined solution to social healing for numerous survivors of Jeju 4.3. Based on interviews with members of the Jeju 4.3 Victim Family Association, 20% of them are now elderly and require expensive medical care and assistance. Many continue to suffer from psychological trauma (PTSD). It serves as a beacon of international peace in the same vein as May 24, 2015’s event, “Women Cross DMZ Demilitarized Zone.” Jeju itself aims to serve as a “Peace Buffer Zone” between the two Koreas among 6 Nations Talks within the framework of the Jeju World Peace Island Treaty, similar to Costa Rica. Never before has the need for a Peace Island in the region been so vital, with China stretching its reach across the ocean, and President Trump flexing his muscles against North Korea, the time has come for serious peacemaking, that is, prevention of conflict. It’s a real time to think about actualization of Jeju World Peace Island Treaty for Peace between two Koreas.