본고는 2009 개정 중학교 한문 교과서의 자원학습 실태를 분석한 것이다. 본고의 목적은 2009 개정 중학교 한문 교과서의 자원 학습 제시 실태 및 내용을 분석하고, 그 문제점을 살핀 후, 향후 교과서 집필 시 참고할 수 있도록 제언하는 것이다. 분석결과, 교과서에 제시된 자원학습은 자원 학습의 효율성을 반영하기 위한 것이라기보다는 단순히 교육과정의 내용요소를 담고 있기 위해, 교과서의 시각적 효과를 살리기 위해, 혹은 교육용 기초한자 900자를 교과서에 실기 위한 목적으로 ‘자원 한자’ 라는 영역을 제시하고 있다는 문제점을 발견 할 수 있었다. 또한 자원 풀이 내용에 있어서도 체계적인 기준 없이 교과서 집필자들의 자의적, 임의적 의견으로 자원 한자를 선정하거나 편의적이고 개성적인 설명에 의한 시중의 참고도서를 그대로 교과서에 반영한 경우도 찾아 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 상황 속에서 자원을 활용한 한자학습이 체계적으로 이루어지기 어려울 것이다. 한문이라 는 과목은 국가가 제시한 교육과정 내에 존재하는 과목이다. 그렇기에 ‘공교육’ 이라는 측면에서 교사가 학습자에게 전달하는 교육 내용은 균질성을 확보해야 한다. 따라서 교과서 집필자들은 최근 의 자원 연구 성과를 반영하여, 학리적 검토 위에 과학적이면서도 체계적인 자원 한자 학습이 이루어질 수 있도록 힘써야 할 것이다.

본 연구에서는 구미에 위치한 낙동강에서 발생한 안개를 분류하였고 안개 발생 전후의 기상특성을 분석하였다. 안개는 2013년부터 2015년까지 시정계를 이용하여 관측되었다. 안개는 총 74회 발생하였고 대부분 증기안개로 분류되 었다. 관측된 증기 안개는 내륙에서 발생한 안개보다 지속시간이 길게 나타났는데 이는 지형적 특징으로 인해 야간 증 발이 다른 지역보다 강하게 나타났기 때문이다. 안개 지속시간에 대한 하천 증발 효과를 분석하기 위해 Penman- Monteith (Penman법)와 Bulk aerodynamic (Bulk법) 방법을 사용하여 증발량을 추정하였다. 이 중 Bulk법은 실제 수면 에서 측정한 증발량과 유사하게 나타났다. 따라서 Bulk법이 실제 수면 증발량 추정에 적합한 방법임을 확인할 수 있었 다. Bulk법으로 추정한 증발량은 안개 비발생일 보다 안개 발생일에 06 LST와 07 LST에 더 높게 나타났다. 안개 발 생일에 하천의 증발은 대기에 증발잠열 에너지를 공급하고 안개 내부의 난류를 유지하는 에너지원으로 작용한다. 이와 같은 결과는 안개내부의 풍속, 기온, 그리고 난류운동에너지의 증가를 통해 확인하였다.

이 논문은 울산 무거동 옥현유적의 자료를 중심으로 옥현유적의 취락구조와 출토유물양상을 검토하여 주거지의 규모나 배치양상에 따라 주거군집을 설정하고, 출토유물양상에 따른 각 주거군집의 특징을 파악 하여 당시의 생업경제활동이 취락 내에서 어떻게 이루어졌는지를 파악하고자 하였다. 옥현유적에서 확인된 주거지는 독립 구릉의 능선부에 형성된 4개의 정상부와 그 사이 소곡부를 기준으 로 4개의 주거군집으로 나누었다. Ⅰ·Ⅱ군은 주거지 2~3기가 소군집을 이루고, Ⅲ·Ⅳ군은 대형주거지 3 기와 다수의 중형, 소형주거지들이 소군집을 이루고 있다. Ⅰ·Ⅱ군은 Ⅲ·Ⅳ군에 비해 공지가 많아 취락 전체의 집회나 회의 등의 장소인 광장의 기능이 보다 더 강조되었을 것으로 보이며, Ⅲ군은 주거지의 밀 집도가 높고 농경구를 비롯하여 모든 생업경제활동과 관련된 유물이 출토되어 논 경작을 중심으로 생업경 제활동을 주도한 주거군으로 파악된다. 옥현유적에서 확인된 청동기시대 논은 논경작에 유리한 입지선정 과 논둑과 수구, 수로 등 물을 이용하는 시스템을 통해 당시의 농경기술의 체계화가 이루어졌음을 알 수 있다. 울산지역 취락에 대한 기존의 연구성과를 토대로 옥현유적과 비교하면 한 구릉내에서 정형화된 구조의 주거지가 축조되고, 일정한 배치양상을 가지고 주거지들이 군집을 이루고 있는 양상이 공통적으로 확인된 다. 대부분의 취락이 주거중심의 생활공간으로만 구성되어 있다. 생업경제활동에 있어서도 울산지역에서 옥현, 입암리유적을 제외하면 비교적 큰 규모의 경작유구(논)가 확인된 예가 없고, 출토유물 중 농경구보 다 수렵구, 어로구의 비중이 더 높다는 점에서 청동기시대 전기의 수렵과 어로를 통한 생업경제활동이 울 산지역에서는 청동기시대 중기에도 활발하게 지속된 것으로 볼 수 있다.

This paper aimed to identify the architectural characteristics of the chimi excavated from ancient ruins, especially middle gate remains of Bunhwangsa Temple in the Unified Silla period. Middle gate had planned 3 × 2 with 295㎜ measuring unit and gabled building. Detailed study of the shape of chimi of the middle gate restored by related field experts reveals as follows. 1) Height of chimi is 4.5(130.6㎝) of Tang’s system of measurement classified as large one. 2) The front and back side square hole is made for transverse timber placement. 3) Position of chimi is not the end of the ridge of roof, it moved toward the center. 4) Construction method of chimi is structured with smaller beam and center column. 5) Width and height of the ridge is less than 38㎝ and 54㎝ to be approximately, Width and height of the gabled ridge is less than 38㎝ and 50㎝. 6) This chimi is considered to be very unique when compared to existing ancient restored chimis, it is designed to be advantageous to the chimi construction.

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intake, health-related factors, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome and to investigate the prevalence odds ratio according to fruit and vegetable intake among middle-aged Korean men. Subjects included 1,677 men aged 40–64 years. The average intake of fruits and vegetables was 578.48±5.90 g/day. Forty-nine percent of the subjects were categorized into the deficient group based on the intake of fruits and vegetables, and the other subjects were categorized into the adequate group. There was a significant difference in the nutrient density per 1,000 kcal of energy, minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber between the fruit and vegetable intake groups (p<0.001). In terms of health-related factors, only the current smoking rate in the deficient group (57.9%) was higher than that in the adequate group (45.4%) (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the risk factors for metabolic syndrome between the fruit and vegetable intake groups. Proportion of serum triglycerides (42.6%) was the highest at a rate that exceeded the criteria for risk factors for metabolic syndrome, but systolic blood pressure (21.7%) showed a very low rate. The fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the deficient group than in the adequate group (p<0.05). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.2%. OR for prevalence of metabolic syndrome related to fruit and vegetable intake was 1.270 times higher in the deficient group than in the adequate group (p<0.05). Also, when the daily fruit intake was increased by 100 g, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was reduced by 0.948 times but it was not related to the vegetable intake. The results of this study can be used as the basic data to establish the guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake for prevention of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men.

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-esteem, body image, body cathexis and body attitude of female middle school students. A total of 298 subjects were included in this study. Subjects were classified into weight control group and a non weight control group. As a result of analyzing body shapes satisfaction was higher in the non weight control group 2.83 than in the weight control group 2.28 (p<0.001). The weight control group revealed lower body satisfaction than the non weight control group. The result of the reason for weight control was the ratio of ‘weight loss’ 84.6%, respectively (p<0.001). Factors impacting physical image of female middle school students were analyzed as friends (3.46), internet (3.22), and TV (3.13). Results suggest that educational program should be combined with a positive emphasis on physical image and self-esteem for female middle school students. Also, there was a high correlation between body weight and self-esteem. Results indicate that female middle school students are interested in weight loss with the wrong body image. Therefore, female middle school students should be provided with an educational approach to such issues so that they have a realistic perception of their body and form realistic values about self-esteem and body.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rope skipping and band exercise on GH, IGF-1 and metabolic syndrome risk factors in female obese middle school students. Twenty female obese middle school students(%BF > 30%) were randomly assigned to a exercise group(EX, n=10) or control group(CON, n=10). The exercise group has performed rope skipping and band exercise for 12 weeks, 3time per week. Exercise intensity was increased gradually, from 40% to 70% of Heart Rate Reserve(HRR) and Rating of Perceived Exertion(RPE) 11-15. GH, IGF-1 and metabolic syndrome rist factors were GH, IGF-1 and metabolic syndrome risk factors were measured pre- and post-exercise program including rope skipping and band exercise. Levels of GH and IGF-1 were significantly increased (p<.01 and p<0.001, respectively) in exercise group after 12 weeks of exercise training. WC and TG were significantly decreased(p<.01) in exercise group after 12 weeks of training. HDL-C was significantly increased(p<.05) in exercise group after 12 weeks of training. In conclusion, rope skipping and band exercise were effective exercise program in improving GH, IGF-1 and metabolic syndrome risk factors in female obese middle school students.

프리지아 ‘Blue Bell’은 2006년 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과 학원에서 2005년 흰색 반겹꽃 ‘Gabrielle’품종과 분홍색 반겹 꽃 ‘Kristie’품종을 교배하여 획득한 종자로부터 2006년 연보라 색 다화성 겹꽃 프리지아 계통을 선발하여 품종으로 개발되었 다. 2007년부터 2013년까지 개화 생육특성검정 및 육성계통 평가회의 기호도 평가를 통해 선발되어 2014년 ‘Blue Bell’ 로 명명되었다. ‘Blue Bell’은 연보라색(RHS, V85C) 겹꽃 프리지 아 품종으로 화폭은 6.3cm로 대조품종 ‘Striped Jewel’ 5.9cm 에 비해 크고, 분지수는 6.3개로 다수확성 품종이다. 초장이 101.3cm로 초세가 강하며 대조품종 ‘Striped Jewel’ 91.7cm에 비해 크다. ‘Blue Bell’의 소화수 및 소화장은 각각 13.0개, 9.3cm이며 개화소요일수는 137.7일로 대비품종 보다 약 13.6 일 정도 빠르다. 이 품종의 절화수명은 약 9.7일이며 자구번 식력은 6.9배로 대조품종에 비해 우수하다.

The present study examines the features of communicative functions in middle school English textbooks, identifying whether or not they are presented based on the spiral structure. It also compares the communicative functions of 15 different middle school English textbooks and investigates whether the National English Listening Tests (NELTs) reflect the communicative functions presented in the textbooks. Two corpora were compiled using the 15 middle school English textbooks and the NELTs, and they were analyzed using WordSmith Tools. The results show that all the textbooks included communicative functions that the National Curriculum recommends; however, the textbooks presented a limited number of functions. Nonetheless, the communicative functions were presented relatively in a spiral way. The majority number of communicative functions in the textbooks and the NELTs were similar to each other, but there were some functions in the tests that were not covered in the textbooks. These results imply that more diverse communicative functions should be included in textbooks in order to help improve students’ communicative competence. The communicative functions not presented in the textbooks should not be included in the NELTs.

In this study, we have analyzed the 2015 KNHANES to understand the nutritional and health status of Korean middle-age adults from the perspective of frequency of eating breakfast. Those that eat breakfast five to seven times a week were 76.3 percent (male) and 72.7 percent (female). Frequency of eating lunch and dinner, and eating out was significantly higher among male subjects. The higher the frequency of eating breakfast, the higher the frequency of eating lunch, dinner and eating out. Female subjects that ate breakfast five to seven times a week had lower height and weight compared with other groups, but there was no significant difference of BMI and waist circumference among the four groups. Adults that eat breakfast five to seven times a week had consumed more carbohydrates, dietary fiber, phosphorus, potassium and vitamin C regardless of gender, which validates the nutritional benefits of eating meals regularly. Male adults that ate breakfast five to seven times a week revealed lower levels of diastolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol compared with other groups, which validates eating breakfast regularly was beneficial to their health. In conclusion, it is necessary to eat regular meals daily relative to the nutritional status and health of Korean middle-age adults.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intake of energy drinks and awareness of caffeine among middle school students. The subject was 313 middle school in Incheon area. The questionnaire respondents are consisted of 133 male students and 180 female students. The recognition result that allowed multiple responses to energy drink types was recognized by hot six at 28.9%, followed by red bull 24.3%, monster energy 13.8%, wolf energy 8.0% and taurine soda 6.9%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the experience of energy drink intake, intake reason, intake time and place (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in intake frequency and place (p>0.05). There were significant differences in experience and frequency of energy drink intake (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in intake reason, choice criteria, intake time and place (p>0.05). The result of the perception of energy drinks according to gender was 2.25 points for male students and 2.61 points for female students in the question 'caffeine is also present in tea, green tea, cola and chocolate'. There was a significant difference between male and female students (p<0.05). As a result of the recogniton of energy drinks, "the appropriate amount of caffeine is cleared and the concentration improves." When asked, "low body weight is 2.24 points, normal 2.27 points, overweight 1.89 points, obesity 2.46 points (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in body mass index (BMI) between the two groups (1.95 for low body weight, 2.10 for normal body weight, 1.62 for overweight and 2.43 for obesity). Regression analysis showed that R2=0.007 and F=2.798, respectively. Significant differences were found at the significance level of p<0.05. Energy drink consumption expenditure(β= 0.121, p<0.05), sleep time(β=0.130, p<0.05), and caffeine perception(β=－0.162, p<0.05) were significant determinants of energy drinks intake.

The objective of this study to investigate the satisfaction of elementary and middle school students in Chungnam province. We surveyed related to school food service, concerns about food ingredients and dietary life, perceptions of free school food service and satisfaction the quality and management of the school food service. Furthermore, this survey with the previous. Compared to year, frequency of education related to school food service and concerns about food ingredients and dietary life. Perception on free school food service increased 1.2%, not statistically significant. Satisfaction for the quality of the school food service statistically significant increase compared to 2015. ore individuals educated the foods’ countyof- origin and a higher concern the food materials and dietary life, subsequently higher satisfaction for the quality and management of school food service. The results of this study suggest that concern and concentration on software of school food service such as education and guide are important.

This study analyzes the images of models in womenswear advertisements targeting women in their fifties. The goals of this study are: 1) to investigate beauty ideals for middle-aged women by analyzing models’ look age, chronological age, wrinkles, gray hair, hair length, body type, and race; and 2) to explore how ageing is dealt with in advertisements by analyzing the range of bodies shown in advertisements, the color mode of photographs, and the clarity of models’ figures in relation to models’ look ages. A total of 155 printed advertisements from January 2012 to January 2017 from the brands Daks Ladies, Lebeige, Luciano Choi, PAT, and Zishen were selected for analysis. Womenswear brands targeting middle-aged women reinforce cultural ideals of female beauty that emphasize youth and slenderness. They do this by using thin and slender models, who most often appear to be in their twenties and thirties, and have hair longer than their shoulders. Brands with higher price ranges show a preference for Caucasian models, which reveals that a Caucasian identity is associated with sophistication. In addition, the bodies of models who appear to be in their forties and fifties were concealed by framing photographs mostly above the knees. Older models’ features were also obscured via the use of black and white photography, strong lighting and contrast, and digital editing that blurred the boundaries between figures and their backgrounds. These decisions for how to represent models could result in negative self-esteem and a denial of the symptoms of ageing among middle-aged women.

2015 교육과정은 핵심역량 중심의 교육과정이다. 본고는 학습자들의 핵심역량을 기르기 위해, 한 문 교과서 한시 단원이 무슨 내용을 어떤 방식으로 기술하여야 할지에 대해 살펴보았다. 먼저 2015 개정 한문과 교육과정에 나타난 한시 학습 내용과 방법을 분석하였다. 이어, 2009 개 정 교육과정에 따른 중학교 한시 단원을 분석하되, 교과서에 제시된 학습목표, 학습활동을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 셋째, 앞의 두 자료 분석을 바탕으로, 핵심역량 중심의 교과서 한시 단원 집필을 위해 몇 가지 제안을 하였다. 학습 내용 면에서는 한시 형식 및 한시 풀이하기 내용 진술이 추가되어야 한다고 하였다. 한시 교과서 기술 방식에 있어서, 학습자들이 학습 과정에 참여할 수 있도록 교과서 학습목표 설정과 위계화, 학습자들이 직접 사고하여 채울 수 있는 적절한 여백. 교수-학습 단계별 적절한 활동의 효과적 설정과 배치가 필요하다고 제안하였다. 마지막으로, 한시 교과서 구성 안을 제시하였다.

Desalination with low energy consumption has been recognized as a crucial technology for meeting the growing freshwater needs of the UAE. In 2016, KAIA and the Masdar company in the UAE signed Joint Development Agreement to develop energy-efficient desalination technologies. The research aims to build a pilot plant desalination plant in UAE for demonstrating reduction of energy footprint. For this R&D project, Daewoo E&C designs and constructs a customized low energy seawater desalination facility with 1000~2000 m³/d by 2018. The goal of specific energy consumption is 3.3 kWh/m³, finally resulting in O&M cost reduction by more than 10%. The system will be configurated with energy saving RO membrane(LG chemistry), pretreatment for algae control using tube type bio filter(MTBF) and DAF, and ion exchange and capacitive deionization for replacement of 2nd RO. Optimizing this pilot plant by 2020 in the UAE is the next milestone in realizing the energy-efficient desalination technology to a viable product.

In this study, causes and consequences of bullying were explored, focusing on victim personality and appearance factors. The research model included the relationships among bullying, important causes of bullying (aggression, cleanliness, and obesity of victims) and consequences of bullying (self-esteem and depression) and was tested through survey data from 594 (194 male and 404 female) middle school students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis with SPSS and AMOS. In the results of the model tests, victims who are more aggressive, less clean, and more overweight are more likely to be bullied. In addition, adolescents bullied by others tend to have lower self-esteem and more depression. Furthermore, the model comparison was assessed by gender and a difference between the two gender models was found. In the check of critical ratio for difference, it was concluded that the cleanliness of the victim is a more important cause of bullying for male adolescents than for female adolescents. It is meaningful to confirm the effects of the victim’s appearance factors on bullying in the literature focusing on personality issues of victims. Educators and counselors may refer to the findings in developing counseling guidelines and manuals to prevent bullying in school.

The aims of this study was to investigate the satisfactions with school food service and its influencing factors for elementary and middle school parents. We surveyed parents regarding their concerns about food ingredients and dietary life, perceptions of free school food service, the necessity of food supply systems such as school food service centers, and the satisfaction about the quality and management of school food services. Compared to the last year, concerns about food ingredients and dietary life as well as perceptions about free school food services decreased. The reported necessity of supply system such as school food service centers and co-purchasing was lower than in 2015. The satisfaction about the school food service decreased, compared to 2015. More individuals had higher concerns about local food and stated the necessity for school food supply systems, as well as a higher satisfaction about the quality and management of school food services. In conclusion, it is important to emphasize characteristics of school food services such as co-purchasing local foods.