This study was conducted to analyze geminate consonant errors(안에 [an.ɛ] → *안네[an.nɛ]) produced by Chinese learners during their acquisition of Korean linking sounds within the framework of Optimality Theory. The study was further intended to find possible constraints and causes applicable to the error. This paper argues that this error results from the interplay of the Align-R constraint, where the boundaries of a morpheme and syllable are aligned in the learner’s mother tongue, and the onset constraint, which is required for CV, a universal linguistic syllable. This study identifies the cause of the geminate consonant errors among Chinese leaners as the consequence of the simultaneous influences of interference from the learners’ native language and of linking sounds, which occur universally in linguistics.

본고는 2015 개정 한문과 교육과정에 따라 집필된 중학교 한문 교과서에서 활용된 중학교 한문 교육용 기초한자 900자 가운데, 대표 字義를 字音으로 定義한 한자의 교육적 대안의 모색을 시도하여서, 이에 대한 연구의 확산과 차기 교육과정에 따라 집필될 중학교 한문교과서에 반영하는데 기여하고자 하였다. 2015 개정 한문과 교육과정에 따라 집필된 17종의 중학교 한문 교과서에서 자음으로 대표 자의로 제시한 한자는 各자 등 34자이다. 이 가운데 제시한 빈도가 높은 功자 등 17자에 대한 자의의 이해도를 설문조사로 살펴보았다. 그 결과 학생들은 門, 房, 城, 時, 藥, 羊, 銀, 冊, 兄자 등 9자는 자의의 원래 의미로 이해하고 있었으나, 나머지 한자인 功, 德, 半, 病, 福, 姓, 窓, 恨자 등 8자는 이해도가 낮았다. 자음정의자의 교육적 대안 모색은 동일한 학생들을 대상으로 하여, 功자 등 8자의 字義를 자전에서 제시한 순서대로 주고, 그 가운데 이해가 쉬운 한자 순으로 1, 2, 3의 번호를 매기게 한 후, 가중치를 주어서 합산하여 이해도를 정했다. 그 결과 功자는 대표자의를 ‘공로’나 ‘공적’으로 제시하여야 하고, 德자는 ‘도덕’으로 제시하여야 하며, 半자는 ‘절반’으로 제시하여야 하고, 病자는 ‘질병’으로 제시하여야 한다. 福자는 ‘행복’으로 제시하여야 하고, 姓자는 성씨’로 제시하여야 하며, 窓자는 ‘창문’으로 제시하여야 하고, 恨자는 ‘한탄하다’로 제시하여야 한다. 본 연구는 대표 字義를 字音으로 정의한 字義의 문제점과 그 교육적 대안을 찾아보는 시도에 불과하므로 연구자들의 관심과 연구의 확산을 기대해 보며, 차기 한문교과서를 저술할 때 참고가 되었으면 한다.

This paper scrutinizes the consonant alternations of Chinese Pidgin English in The Chinese and English Instructor(1862) that has been known as the representative text of CPE. The Chinese and English Instructor was written by Tong Ting-shu who was a comprador of Guangdong province, and composed of six volumes. Particularly, a part of volume 4 and a total of volume 6 consisted of CPE phrases or sentences. Therefore two volumes are very important for analyzing phonology, morphology and syntax of CPE. The CPE had been used primarily in Chinese southeastern coast from the early 19th century to the beginning of 20th century, and is a representative pidgin as a mixture of Cantonese and English. In CPE many consonants are replaced to others: from a fricative to a plosive and consonants cluster simplification etc. In The Chinese and English Instructor, particularly, we can see several consonants alternation. Firstly, [v] replaced [f], [w], and [p]/∅. Cantonese dose not have the [v] sound, so it changed to other consonants. Secondly, English plosives replaced aspirated voiceless plosives or unaspirated voiceless plosives because of the phonological system of Cantonese. However, this alternation is inconsistent and very complicated. Thirdly, [š] replaced the [s] sound in the condition that some vowels come after [š] or under the last syllable. But this vowel always replaced [syu] under some conditions. Fourthly, all of [θ] and [ð] sounds replaced [d], but only in the case ‘thisee’ and ‘the’ [ð] replaced [l].

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(3). 145~170. The sibilation of Korean nominal stem final coronal consonants is a common phenomenon in Korean spoken language. Many Korean speakers pronounce /patʰ-i/, /piʨ-ɨl/, /k‘oʨʰ-e/ as [paɕi], [pisɨl], [k’ose]. These are not standard Korean pronunciations. Therefore, Korean learners are supposed not to learn this phenomenon. However, a lot of Chinese Korean advanced learners acquire those pronunciations. In this paper, I try to find why the Chinese Korean advanced learners acquire this phenomenon. Unfortunately, the reason can not be found by traditional error analysis methods. It seems that this sibilation phenomenon occurs randomly and has no connection with the coronal consonants. We can only find that when nouns combine with the postposition in an adessive case this sibilation phenomenon hardly appears. I examined Chinese Korean advanced learners’ spontaneous speaking and then conducted a survey. I show that sociolinguistic elements make a great influence on this acquisition. Lastly, I discuss how to train Chinese Korean advanced learners on this Korean phonological phenomenon.

Based on the "YukjoBeoppoDangyeongEonhae"(《六祖法寶壇經諺解》）the Chinese characters as material, according to the similarities and differences between the sound of Mr. Wang Li at the beginning of the phenomenon of archaic Chinese initials and "Dongguozhengyun"(《東國正韻》), firmly grasp the "xiamu"(匣母) divided into nine clues and researching. Research shows that it is differentiation of tongue and is based on ancient tone sound dental tongue and teeth on the voice, become a part of the ancient pronunciation. But Mr. Wang Li‟s ancient tone thirty-two initials included in ancient Chinese tongue tone and dental, and lack of credibility. Twenty-three lines rhyme tables of "Yun Jing"(《韻鏡》) have one to four words, such a sound and positive dental tongue and tongue for sound and positive dental complementary in the two or three rhyme, which is the ancient tone differentiation specific description of the sound track. At the beginning of the twenty-three sound and rhyme "Yun Jing"(《韻鏡》) twenty-three lines of consistency of Korea. And Mr. Wang Li‟s ancient tone thirty-two initials included in ancient Chinese composition, and "Yun Jing"(《韻鏡》) reflect different. So Korea in early twenty-three sound is Credibility is higher than that Li-Wang‟s thirty-two consonants. It is from this sense that we say Korea Chinese characters sound out and is based on ancient Chinese higher.

This paper investigated the effects of Korean syllable structure on the acquisition of English consonant clusters on the basis of the speech data collected from a total of 8 Korean middle school students (2 females and 6 males). A total of 24 English monosyllabic words that formed 8 different quasi minimal triplets was employed and recorded. Each triplet consisted of mono-consonantal, bi-consonantal, and tri-consonantal words like pin, spin, spring or pin, pink, pinks. The three words at four triplets were differentiated by the number of consonants at the onset position and those at the other four triplets, at the coda position. Using a 5 point-scale scoring method, two native English speakers rated the speech data in terms of (i) intelligibility and (ii) the scoring of bi- and tri-consonantal words with three points being fixed on mono-syllabic words. The main finding was that the tri-consonantal words scored the lowest, bi-consonantal words were in the middle, and mono-consonantal words scored the highest. But, this general tendency held true only at the words dissimilar at the coda position. At the onset position, on the other hand, the mono-consonantal words scored the lowest. The in-depth analysis that followed the rating showed that a comparison of the words in terms of the syllabic intelligibility can be properly made only when each consonant comprising a syllable is intelligibly articulated on its own.

This paper discusses what the basic principle of Korean consonantal assimilation and tensification is and how to teach the two processes to learners. Since some of the Korean phonological changes including these two processes are complicated and cannot easily be seen in other languages, students may face difficulty in learning such processes. It has been claimed that these processes are due to the "principle of economy" in pronunciation. That is, certain consonant clusters or consonantal sequences that are difficult to produce undergo changes in a way to make them easy to pronounce. In this paper I argue against such a claim by adopting the principle of English, which has two different types of consonant clusters, namely "word-initial and word-final clusters". The phonotactic constraints of the word-final clusters in this language, which are opposite to the case of word-initial clusters, have the ascending structure in the consonantal strength between the two consonants. We see that the two consonants in sequence in Korean have almost the same structure. Unlike English, these constraints must be obeyed whether words are simple or complex in Korean. The two consonants that are not kept up to these constraints by the morphological process undergo phonological process. This is the principle of consonantal assimilation and tensification in Korean, and thus, teachers (and also possibly learners) of Korean should recognize the principle to understand the processes correctly.

요즘 한국어에 관심을 갖고 배우는 사람이 급증하고 있다. 하지만 외국어 교육에서 제일 중요하고 최우선이 되어야 할 발음 교육에 대해서는 소홀히 해왔다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 중국 대학생들 에게 한국어를 가르칠 때 제일 먼저 중점적으로 교육해야 할 부분인 한국어의 발음 교육에 대한 문제를 연구 대상으로 삼았다. 이 논문에서는 중국인 학습자를 대상으로 한 한국어 자음 교육 중에서 나타나는 문제점을 발견하여 이를 정확하게 발음할 수 있도록 효과적인 발음 교수 방법을 제안하는 데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 우선 한국어와 중국어의 자음 체계를 분류한 다음 분류 별로 대조 비교해 그 차이점과 유사점을 찾아내었다. 그리고 그 차이점으로 인해 중국인 학습자들이 발음상 자주 범하는 오류를 예로 제시하고 오류들의 원인을 찾아 규명함으로써 효과 적인 학습 방법을 도모하려는 데에서 초점을 둔다.

교수자는 학습자 모국어의 음운현상들을 제대로 알고 있어야 학습자의 모국어와 학습 목표 언어 사이의 간섭 현상을 파악해서 올바르게 교육 할수 있다. 교수자가 학습자의 모국어와 학습 목표 언어의 차이점에 대해서 교수하지 않는다고 해도 음운현상을 교수하거나 오류를 고쳐줄 때 유용할 것이다. 이러한 견해를 근간으로 하여 본 연구에서는 낱 음절의 발음보다는 음운현상에 대해 관심을 두고자 한다. 이를 위해 중국어, 일본어, 한국어의 음운현상을 살펴보고 그 차이점에서 학습자들의 오류를 예측해보고 학습자들의 실제 한국어 발음을 녹음해서 한국어 음운현상의 오류를 살펴봄으로써 학습자들의 한국어 음운현상 사용에 대한 실태를 점검 할 것이다. 중국어와 일본어를 선택함은 세 언어에 비슷한 음운현상이 존재하기 때문이고, 현재 가장 많은 학습자가 한국어를 배우고 있기에 필요성이나 유용성 입장에서도 그 이유를 말할 수 있으리라 본다.