본 연구는 경상남도 거제시 맹종죽림 내에 방치된 하층 부산물의 수거 효율을 개선하기 위한 방안으로 수라 장비를 활용한 수거 방법을 제안하고, 기존 지게 방식과의 효율성을 비교하였다. 연구는 2023년 지게 방식과 2025년 수라 방식의 수거 작업을 동일한 지역 내 3개 구역(A, B, C)에 걸쳐 수행하였으며, 각 구역에 400 m² 규모의 조사구를 설치하여 수거량, 작업 시간, 뭉치 수 등을 측정하였다. 수라 방식은 평균적으로 400 m²당 592.4 kg의 하층 부산물을 2시간 40분 만에 수거할 수 있었으며, ha당 환산 시 약 14.8톤의 부산물이 수거 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 지게 방식은 동일 면적에서 평균 1,045.2 kg을 수거하였으나, 평균 13시간이 소요되어 노동 강도가 높고 작업 효율이 낮았다. 특히 수라 방식은 경사도가 높은 지역에서도 안정적으로 운용 가능하였으며, 작업자의 피로도 감소와 인건비 절감 효과가 확인되었다. 플롯 간 뭉치 무게에 대한 통계적 분석 결과, 구역별 부산물의 무게 변동성과 뭉치 당 평균 무게 차이가 존재하였으며, 이는 지형 조건과 생육 상태에 따라 수거 효율이 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 수거된 부산물은 바이오매스 자원으로 활용 가능성이 높아, 죽림 내 자원 순환과 생태적 건강성 확보에 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구는 맹종죽림의 경영에 있어서 수라 장비를 통한 작업 효율 중심의 현장 적용 가능성을 제시한다.

This paper was studied to improve the efficiency of big fans through the modification of the impeller shape while maintaining other parameters such as casing geometry(shape), entry and exit diameter, rotation speed, number of blades, flow rate, and static pressure in accordance with the field requirements including the existing installation. Numerical calculation based on semi-empirical formula(SEF) and the methodology of computational fluid mechanics(CFD) were used. It is widely used in the chemical industry, and a large fan with a nominal flow capacity of 510,000 m/h and a static pressure of 11,000 Pa was used as a case study. In this study, the theoretical performance comparison and field measurements of the existing fan and crystal fan geometry designs were conducted. The results of the study showed that the modified geometric design can contribute to reducing the absorption power by up to 135 kW, thereby increasing the fan efficiency by up to 5.87%.

설악산국립공원에서 무인센서카메라의 효율적인 활용을 위해 종의 분포, 상대풍부도(RAI), 그리고 카메라 운용 일수와 탐지된 종 수 간의 상관관계 를 추정했다. 2020년 7월부터 9월까지 24대의 카메라로 총 1,704 카메라 운용 일수 동안 모니터링한 결과, 설악산에 서식하는 중대형 포유류 10종이 모두 탐지되었다. 오소리(Meles leucurus)는 23개 지점(95.8%)에서, 멧돼지(Sus scrofa)는 22개 지점(91.7%)에서 각각 포착되어 설악산국립 공원 전역에 넓게 분포하고 있음이 확인되었다. 이 두 종은 최초 감지까지의 평균 시간이 가장 짧았고 RAI가 가장 높아, 10종 중에서 가장 쉽게 관찰되는 종임을 시사했다. 멸종위기에 처한 산양(Naemorhedus caudatus)은 24개 지점 중 13개 지점(54.2%)에서 기록되었는데, 신속한 감지와 높은 RAI를 보여 설악산국립공원이 대한민국 내에서 이 종의 핵심 서식지임을 입증했다. 반면, 멧토끼(Lepus coreanus)는 3개 지점에서만 관찰되었다. 멧토끼의 RAI는 낮았으며, 최초 감지까지의 평균 시간이 길어 관찰 확률이 낮았다. G7, G26, G28, G36, G37 조사지점은 7~8종이 관찰되어 높은 종다양성을 보였다. 특히, G7, G26, G28에서는 산양, 삵(Prionailurus bengalensis), 담비(Martes flavigula) 등 3종의 멸종위기종이 탐지되어, 이 지역들이 집중적인 보호가 필요한 생태학적 핵심 구역으로 기능함을 시사했다. 따라서, 이 지역의 효과적인 보호 및 관리를 위해 장기적인 모니터링이 필요하다. 운용 효율성 분석 결과, 24대 카메라의 총 운용 일수 1,704일 중 10종 전체(100%) 탐지에 1,066일이 소요되는 것으로 예측되었다. 24대 카메라로 모니터링할 경우, 카메라당 최소 44.42일이 소요되어야 10종 전체를 감지할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 9종(90%)은 10.75일, 8종(80%)은 6.21일이 소요될 것으로 예측했다. 향후 카메라 트랩 모니터링은 카메라 수, 공간적 범위, 종다양성을 고려하여 설계되어야 한다.

Traffic congestion and abrupt speed variations in tunnels increase crash risks and reduce traffic operational efficiency. Thus, a pacemaker system (PMS) was developed to stabilize traffic flow by guiding drivers to maintain uniform speeds through the use of sequentially illuminated LED lights installed along tunnel walls. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the effects of a PMS on traffic operational efficiency and safety in the Geumnam Tunnel of the Seoul–Yangyang Expressway via a driving simulation. In speed-recovery scenarios, sequential LED lights effectively encouraged drivers to gradually restore their speed. Consequently, the average speed increased significantly, whereas both the difference in speed and the space-varying volatility of speed decreased, thus indicating enhanced driving consistency and improved flow stability. In speed-reduction scenarios, drivers’ deceleration responses were compared under three PMS operational types: flashing yellow, message display, and combined flashing with a message. Combined flashing with a message yielded the most controlled and pronounced deceleration, thus facilitating drivers in reducing their speed smoothly without abrupt braking or instability. The results collectively demonstrate that a PMS can serve a dual function by supporting both speed recovery under normal conditions and safe deceleration in accident cases. These findings provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of a PMS as an intelligent tunnel-traffic management system and highlight its potential as a proactive safety technology. Furthermore, this study offers practical insights for future PMS designs as well as operational guidelines for enhancing traffic efficiency and driver safety in tunnel environments.

Traffic congestion in tunnels, particularly phantom jams, significantly reduces driving efficiency and increases crash risks. To address this issue, a Pacemaker System (PMS) was implemented in the Geumnam Tunnel along the Seoul–Yangyang Expressway. A PMS aims to stabilize traffic flow and improve operational efficiency by guiding drivers to maintain uniform speeds through sequential LED illumination. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of a PMS on traffic flow by analyzing Vehicle Detection System (VDS) data collected before and after its implementation. The analysis incorporated Level of Service (LOS) categories A–E, and distinguished between peak and non-peak hours to assess speed improvements and flow stabilization. The results indicated that the PMS increased the average speeds by approximately 6.5% across the LOS A–E conditions, with the most pronounced effects observed in LOS C–E. Furthermore, the speed distribution analysis revealed that the PMS enhanced lower-percentile speeds and reduced speed variance, thereby contributing to improved traffic stability. Statistical tests confirmed that the observed improvements were significant (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the PMS effectively mitigates phantom jams and improves tunnel traffic efficiency, offering empirical evidence to support future PMS deployment and the development of tunnel traffic management policies.

As the web game market grows, ensuring service stability through load testing has become increasingly important. Web games comprise a variety of functions with distinct internal logic, ranging from simple data retrieval to complex transaction processing. Therefore, a comparative performance analysis of load-testing tools that accounts for these functional characteristics is crucial for achieving reliable and efficient service operation. This paper evaluates the performance of four widely used load-testing tools—JMeter, k6, Gatling, and Locust—under representative web-game workloads. To emulate realistic database read and write patterns, we implement the core server logic of the web game Pokerogue in a cloud environment rather than simply issuing HTTP requests. We classified workload patterns into write-intensive, read-intensive, and mixed types using distributed tracing, and measured request-generation capability and system resource consumption across five key game functions. Our experiments show that each tool demonstrates distinct strengths depending on the characteristics of individual web-game functions. Specifically, k6 demonstrated high request-generation performance in write-intensive scenarios, while JMeter showed strong performance in read-oriented tasks; Gatling exhibited efficient memory usage in mixed workloads, whereas Locust proved suitable for resource-constrained environments. These results indicate that the selection of a load-testing tool should be informed not only by its request-generation performance but also by the workload characteristics of the target game function. By systematically analyzing function-specific workload patterns together with the performance and resource-usage behavior of each tool, this study aims to provide empirical evidence that can be usefully applied in practical load-testing workflows for web-game services.

This paper is to study SOFC(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) technology which is becoming increasingly more important in recent power development market. I will propose the most suitable fuel cell type through efficiency analysis by type of fuel cell in operation. In this paper, I analyzed the characteristics of SOFC development, theoretical study of the system technology and the level of progress in SOFC technology for each generation. In conclusion, through analysis of the operation data of the installed and operating fuel cell power generation system, it was found that SOFC is 45% more efficient than PAFC and 25% more efficient than MCFC.

The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972) was first identified in Korea in 2017 and continues to be detected during quarantine measures. This study assessed the efficacy of three enhanced ant trap designs (narrow-top, wide-top, widebottom) aimed at addressing the limitations associated with conventional multi-tube traps. Colonies of Tetramorium tsushimae, a prevalent ant species in Korea, were utilized for performance evaluation. Traps were strategically positioned 1.5 meters from nest entrances, and capture efficiency was determined by recording the time required to capture three ants, as well as the total number of ants collected after a period of six hours. Each experimental condition was replicated 15 times, and the results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. The wide-bottom trap exhibited the shortest detection time (19 minutes) and the highest capture efficiency (Z=0.76), whereas the narrow-top trap proved to be the least effective. These findings suggest that the wide-bottom trap design is the most effective instrument for the early detection of invasive ant species and may play a critical role in preventing the introduction of S. invicta in Korea.

조직 내 인공지능(AI)의 활용이 확산됨에 따라, 인적자원관리(HRM) 분야에서도 AI 기반 시스템의 도 입이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 HRM에서 AI를 직접적으로 활용하는 주체인 HR 부서 직원을 대상으로, 인공지능 인적자원관리(AI-HRM)가 직원의 직무성과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. 구체 적으로 AI-HRM이 두 가지의 시스템 효율성 형태인 업무 효율성과 의사결정 효율성에 대한 직원의 인식 을 강화시키며 이는 결과적으로 직무성과를 증가시킬 것으로 예측하였다. 더 나아가 업무 효율성과 의사 결정 효율성 각각이 개인의 직무성과에 미치는 영향은 HR 부서 직원의 민첩성 수준에 따라 차등적 영향 을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 보고 직원 민첩성의 조절효과를 추가적으로 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 실증적으로 검증하기 위하여 국내 HRM 분야에서 AI를 활용하고 있는 기업에 종사하는 HR 부서 직원 173명을 대상 으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 데이터 분석 결과, AI-HRM은 HR 부서 직원의 직무성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, AI-HRM과 직원의 직무성과 간의 관계는 직원들이 인식하는 시스템 효율성 (업무 효율성 및 의사결정 효율성)에 의해 매개되는 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말해, AI-HRM은 업무 효율성 및 의사결정 효율성을 높이며 이는 결과적으로 직원의 직무성과를 향상시킬 수 있다는 것이다. 또한, 직원 이 AI 기반 HRM 시스템을 효율적으로 인식할수록 개인의 직무성과가 향상되며, 이러한 긍정적 영향은 개인의 민첩성 수준이 높을수록 더 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 본 연구결과를 통해 국내 HRM 시스템에서의 AI 도입 및 활용의 중요성과 개인의 민첩성 역량 강화를 강조하고자 한다.

Current portable reference equipment used to evaluate the performance of vehicle detectors can collect traffic volume and speed only for the outermost lanes in each direction. Passing vehicles on the other lanes are manually counted by reviewing the recorded videos. Consequently, only traffic volume—without vehicle speed—is used as a reference value. This method is time-consuming for comparing the performance data from the equipment with the reference data and can compromise the performance evaluation. This study aims to enhance the efficiency of vehicle detection system (VDS) performance evaluations by developing multilane portable reference equipment that can accurately collect traffic information for lanes beyond the outermost lane or for more than two lanes. This study introduced the core technologies of multilane portable reference equipment and compared and analyzed the measurement accuracy of the developed equipment against data from fixed reference equipment operated by the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Certification and Performance Evaluation Center, following ITS performance evaluation criteria. The data from the fixed reference equipment were considered the true values, providing a basis for evaluating the accuracy of the measurements by the developed equipment. First, the accuracy of the vehicle length was determined by driving four test vehicles, each measuring 7,085 mm in length, 24–29 times in each lane. The accuracy was calculated by comparing the vehicle length data obtained from the fixed reference equipment with the actual vehicle length. A confidence interval was established for this accuracy. To assess the accuracy of the speed and occupancy time in relation to the accuracy of the analyzed vehicle length, we evaluated the error range of the vehicle length according to variations in speed and occupancy time. This analysis was based on the following relationship equation: “vehicle length = speed × occupied time – sensor spacing.” The analysis used data from approximately 16,000 vehicles, including the speed, occupancy time, and vehicle length, collected between 8:00 am and 12:00 pm on August 8, 2024. The principle behind measuring traffic volume and vehicle speed using multilane portable reference equipment involves detecting a vehicle by analyzing the time difference between the driver and passenger tires. The vehicle speed was calculated using the installation angle of the tire detection sensor and trigonometric functions. An analysis of the measurement accuracy revealed that the traffic volume accuracy of the outermost lane (the fourth lane) was 100% during both day and night. The speed accuracy was 98.8% during the day and 97.7% at night, representing the highest performance in these metrics. Additionally, the traffic volume accuracy for the innermost lane (the first lane), as measured by the detection sensor from the third lane, was more than 99.3% at all times, with a speed accuracy exceeding 96% during the day and night, that also demonstrated excellent results. The analysis results indicated that the multilane portable reference equipment developed in this study was suitable for evaluating the VDS performance. This equipment allowed the collection of traffic volume and speed data from all lanes, rather than only the outermost lanes. This capability enabled consistent analysis for each lane and enhanced efficiency by reducing the analysis time. Additionally, this is expected to improve the reliability of the performance evaluations.

This study investigates the impact of perpetual swaps on structural complexity and market efficiency within cryptocurrency markets. Utilizing 15-minute interval price data from 35 cryptocurrencies, we employ multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA), Multifractal-based measure of the degree of market efficiency (MED), and Market deficiency measure (MDM) to comparatively evaluate market characteristics before and after the introduction of perpetual swaps. Our empirical analysis reveals a substantial decrease in multifractality and structural complexity across most cryptocurrencies post-introduction, particularly pronounced over longer horizons (4–6 months). This reduction indicates enhanced information dissemination and more efficient price formation mechanisms. Notably, Bitcoin (BTC), benefiting from superior liquidity and efficient information flow, exhibited relatively stable multifractal characteristics, although significant volatility driven by fat-tail distributions remained persistent. Statistically significant improvements in market efficiency were consistently demonstrated via paired t-tests, one-sided t-tests, and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests. These improvements were particularly salient during extended observation periods, providing robust empirical evidence that perpetual swaps markedly enhance market efficiency. Consequently, our findings highlight that the introduction of perpetual swaps contributes meaningfully to cryptocurrency market efficiency beyond mere liquidity enhancement, promoting more accurate price discovery and reducing informational asymmetries.

This study aimed to enhance the operational efficiency and safety of offshore eel trap fisheries by developing six types of automated fishing equipment: a bait crusher, bait cutter, main line arranging device, trap cleaning device, eel sorting device, and fish pump system. Sea trials demonstrated that the bait crusher and bait cutter significantly reduced manual labor and processing time while maintaining bait quality. The main line arranging device improved productivity and safety by automating the sorting of looped cords. The trap cleaning device effectively removed fouling organisms using high-pressure water and rotating brushes. The eel sorting device enabled automatic size-based selection, improving resource management and operational efficiency. The fish pump system transferred eels rapidly with minimal physical damage, reducing unloading time by over 80% and decreasing labor requirements. A satisfaction survey of fishery participants confirmed that all developed devices were highly effective in reducing workload, enhancing safety, and improving operational performance. The automated equipment developed in this study is expected to contribute to the sustainable management of offshore eel trap fisheries and to offer potential applicability to other coastal and offshore fisheries.

This study aims to enhance the efficiency of the after-sales service (A/S) process for commercial trucks by implementing a data-driven approach. Traditional A/S methods result in long repair wait times, especially for intermittent faults requiring symptom reproduction. To address this, a system that records Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) and Vehicle Running Mode (VRM) data at failure moments is proposed. By storing data from 10 seconds before and after an event, fault diagnosis can be performed without symptom reproduction. Additionally, for exported vehicles, stored data enables remote analysis, overcoming real-time data limitations due to varying environmental factors. This approach improves maintenance reliability, optimizes repair accuracy, and supports proactive quality improvements for newly developed vehicles.

이 연구는 완주군의 농촌체험휴양마을 10개를 대상으로 상대적인 효율성을 분석하였다. 농촌체험 휴양마을은 마을이 갖고 있는 자연환경, 전통자원 등을 활용하여 농촌 활성화를 도모하고 있다. 농촌체험휴양마을의 상대적인 효율성의 분석은 DEA를 이용하였고, 투입과 산출변수는 직원 수, 체험프로그램 수, 체험시설 면적, 총 방문객, 매출액으로 설정하였다. 그리고 DEA 모형 중 투입지 향의 CCR 모형을 이용하였다. 분석결과 평균 효율성은 0.7891이며, 10개 농촌체험휴양마을 중 비율적이 60%, 효율적이 40%로 나타났다. 또한 투입 과다분과 투영점을 고려할 때 투입 과다분이 발생하여 향후 농촌체험마을의 특성이나 직원수, 체험프로그램 수, 체험시설 면적을 종합적으로 고려하여 직원역량강화, 프로그램과 시설의 효율적 관리와 활용이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

This study examined impact of agricultural cooperative membership on technical efficiency, income, and costs of coffee farmers in Southern Shan State, Myanmar. Using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and propensity score matching (PSM) methods, this study estimated average treatment effect on the treated of agricultural cooperative participation. Results showed that technical efficiency, total income, and total variable costs were significantly higher for cooperative members than for comparable non-members. However, net income of members is not significantly different from that of comparable non-members.

The Safe Korea Training is a national-level training program that has been conducted since 2005 to create a safe Korea by preventing various disasters and minimizing the damage in the event of a disaster, and it has contributed a lot to the safety of Korea. However, there are still some problems that need to be solved, and one of the most urgent problems is that the Safe Korea Training is focused on efficient response measures in the event of a disaster, and the evaluation of the Training is limited to the evaluation of the training organization, which does not meet the main purpose of the Safe Korea drill to prevent various disasters. Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of preventing various disasters, it is necessary to share the results and evaluations of the drill with other relevant public institutions other than the Ministry of the Interior and Safety in order to prevent various risk factors recognized during the drill in advance, and to establish a network that can lead to legislation so that the problems recognized during the drill are not repeated. By doing so, it is hoped that the Safe Korea Training will fulfill its purpose and lead to a truly safe Korea.