국내 도로표지는 국토교통부에서 제정한 「도로표지 제작·설치 및 관리지침」을 토대로 설계와 시공이 이루어지고 있으며 문형식 과 편지식 도로표지 기초는 주로 역 T형 형식을 적용하고 있다. 기초 상단이 갓길 측은 성토 비탈면에, 중앙분리대 측은 포장 면에 위 치하여 기초 연결부가 고부식성 환경조건에 놓이게 된다. 이는 지주 및 앵커볼트에 부식이 쉽게 발생하고 장기적으로는 구조성능 저 하로 이어질 수 있는 사안이다. 아울러, 중앙분리대 측 문형식 도로표지 지주에는 방호 시설이 없는 상태로 차량 충돌 시 변형 또는 전도 위험과 2차 사고 발생 가능성 있다. 본 연구에서는 문형식과 편지식 도로표지 기초를 방호울타리 상단까지 높이는 방법으로 개선하였다. 풍하중에 의한 지주 휨모멘트 가 평균 18% 감소 되어 경제적인 설계가 가능하고 기초 연결부 환경조건이 개선되었다. 중앙분리대 측은 교통차단 등 특별한 조치 없 이도 상시 육안 점검이 가능하게 되어 유지관리 효율성이 증가하였고 방호성능 확보로 차량 충돌 시 지주 변형 또는 전도 위험이 해 소되었다. 결론적으로 기초 상단을 높임으로써 내구성, 유지관리 효율성 및 방호성능 향상을 기하면서도 경제적인 설계가 가능하게 되었다.

PURPOSES : LED based Variable Message Signs(VMS) have been widely used to inform safety messages to the drivers in advance. Legibility Distance of VMS is the most important factor to provide the safety messages to drivers in timely and effective way. However, current National Standards on legibility distance design considers letter size only even there is a difficulty to read the signs at adverse weather conditions such as heavy fog. So, this study examined the legibility issue under fog by evaluating the legibility distance with two design factors such as letter size and luminance. METHODS : Two foggy weather conditions, intermediate and heavy fog, were simulated at real-road-scale Proving Ground. Legibility distance at daytime and nighttime was evaluated by test subjects. Subjects were asked to fill the legible distance on the test sheet and statistical significant was analysed at the lab. RESULTS : The legibility distance(LD) under fog was observed only 22 to 41% of LD observed under normal weather condition at daytime, and 26 to 45% at nighttime condition. Study results showed a consistent increase in LD with higher luminance even at same letter size and vice versa conditions, However, statically significant difference between groups was only revealed when both letter size and luminance level increased conditions. In order to apply the test results in terms of engineering benefits, LD results from significantly different groups was evaluated with relative to Stopping Sight Distance(SSD) within conceptual frame suggested in this study. CONCLUSIONS : From the study results, current National Standard on legibility distance design needs to consider letter size and luminance simultaneously to response the legibility issue in adverse weather conditions.

PURPOSES : This study aims to examine actual cases of providing detour information in accidental situations such as traffic accidents and road construction through a VMS installed on national highways in metropolitan areas with alternative routes, as well as cases of simultaneously providing travel time information on parallel paths such as national and regular highways. For each case, we analyzed whether the provision of VMS traffic information leads to route changes and substantial effects. METHODS : To analyze traffic changes on the main and detour roads based on the detour information provided on traffic accidents in actual cases, the traffic volume and speed on the accident day were compared with those on the same days and at the same time of the day (regular days) based on the VDS data of the main and detour roads. Cases providing more detour information on road construction were investigated by examining three time periods: one week from construction initiation and one week before and after the construction period (regular days). The traffic volume and speed on the main road were compared based on the VDS data, and those on the detour road were compared based on data made available by private entities. Regarding the cases of simultaneously providing drivers with comparative information on travel time over parallel sections of national and regular highways, traffic situation changes in highways were analyzed in the following special traffic control periods (New Year's Day, NY Day), during which congestion is expected due to heavy traffic: before and after the provision of comparative information for 2015 New Year's Day and 2016 NY Day. RESULTS : The detour rate related to route changes based on the detour information for traffic accidents was 35%. On the detour route, the traffic volume increases as traffic from the main road is absorbed. However, the average travel speeds did not differ significantly. When further detour information regarding a road construction project was provided, the detour rate from the main road was 21%. The travel speeds were similar, except on the first day of construction. Almost no changes were observed in the first section of the detour. The speed slightly decreased in the second section but did not significantly hinder the traffic flow. When comparative traffic time information on parallel routes (national highways and expressways) was provided, the traffic volume increased to some extent after the report was provided for every case. However, the data frequency rate in the 5-min unit, which was still under the congestion speed standard (40 km/h), decreased. This indicates that traffic congestion was significantly relieved. CONCLUSIONS : Previous studies on detour rates or route changes based on VMS traffic information have focused on VMS instruments on expressways. Although their estimates were based on simulated situations, this study used actual VMS installed on national highways. In addition, this study utilizes the existing case records of national highway ITS centers, covering traffic situation monitoring, measures for accidental situations, etc., in regular times or special traffic control periods, as well as statistical data, including ITS real-time traffic information. The analysis results of this study accurately represent situations on actual roads and can be utilized to analyze future ITS operation and installation project effects.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the shear and tensile strength properties of adhesive road studs in asphalt and concrete pavements. METHODS: The 300 mm×300 mm×50 mm rectangular specimens were fabricated using asphalt and concrete mixture for installation of road studs. Four 140-mm-radius circular areas were milled on each specimen with depth of 5 mm to install the adhesive road studs. About 100 g of thermal melting adhesive was applied on the milled area, and then the road stud was bonded onto the surface of the asphalt and concrete mixture. Direct shear testing was conducted at a speed of 5 mm/min on the interface between road stud and asphalt and concrete materials. Tensile strength testing was also conducted on the prepared specimens by applying load with increase of 50 kPa per second. These tests were performed not only in dry condition but also in wet condition to determine the effect of moisture on the shear and tensile strengths. RESULTS : According to the shear testing results, the average shear strength of asphalt samples in dry and wet conditions are 0.509 and 0.234 MPa, respectively. From this testing, the shear strength of wet sample was found to be decreased by 50% with respect to that of the dry sample. Similar trends can be observed on the concrete samples. The average tensile strength of asphalt samples was 0.187 MPa at 1.5 mm of displacement in dry condition. The concrete sample has a 0.222 MPa average tensile strength, which is slightly higher than that of the asphalt sample because of the rough surface characteristics of the concrete sample. CONCLUSIONS: It is determined from this study that the shear and tensile strengths of road stud bonded on the surface of asphalt mixture are slightly lower than those on concrete samples. Regardless of the pavement type, the wet conditioning of the sample can decrease the shear and tensile strength by 50% those of the dry sample. In the future, the quality improvement of adhesive and increase of specific surface area should be considered to improve the bonding property between road stud and pavement surface.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to develop an external lighting traffic sign system for better visibility. METHODS: To develop an external lighting traffic sign system, we selected an installation location and an appropriate angle of view for the luminaire. Using these parameters, we developed an external traffic sign system based on field installation results on the lighting and reflector. The economic benefit is then compared with the cost, an analysis that is necessary for both internal and external lighting traffic signs. RESULTS: Through experiments on the number of luminaires necessary to improve illuminance deviation and visibility, it was confirmed that the illuminance was improved roughly 2 to 3 times by the use of two luminaires. The protruding height (H) of the luminaire is 1.0 m, in consideration of the differences in brightness and driver visibility between the top and bottom, and the angle of view of the luminaire is applied at 120 degrees of high-brightness and low-brightness difference. The lower illuminance is lowered because of the diffusion of light according to the angle of view of the luminaire, due to the longer protruding length of the external lighting type traffic sign. To improve from this problem, the experiment was performed with the application of the reflecting plate, the lower illuminance of the sign was lowered, and the upper and lower illuminance ratio was improved. This solution was confirmed to be effective. As a result of reviewing the economic feasibility of the external illuminated traffic sign system, the cost reduction effect was determined to be about 39.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study were used to develop a balanced combination of the optimum housing and lighting installation angle for external lighting traffic signs. The use of this technology requires further research under various site conditions.

PURPOSES: While road networks are becoming increasingly complex, traffic signs are being indiscriminately installed and operated, which makes drivers who depend on traffic signs to reach their destination confused and unable to understand road information efficiently. In order to promptly and exactly guide road users to their destinations, traffic signs should be able to satisfy the functions of connectivity, visibility, and location suitability. However, the results of a site survey shows that most of the traffic signs currently installed in the Jeollanam-do Province do not satisfy these functions. METHODS: This study analyzed the problems of traffic signs after an actual site survey and focused on a total on 9,353 traffic signs and 70 road routes in Jeollanam-do Province. RESULTS : This study analyzed the problems of traffic signs based on their required functions (connectivity, visibility, suitability) and suggested improvements by establishing a guide system that considered the problems found in the study. CONCLUSIONS : The guide system can be utilized as a basic material that provides efficient road information for future installation and maintenance of traffic signs in Jeollanam-do Province.

PURPOSES : Expressways experience chronic and recurring congestion, especially during weekends and holidays, because of the increased demands for leisure-related travel. The alternatives to solve chronic and recurring congestion may be three-fold: (1) physical expansion of expressway capacities, (2) road pricing, and (3) temporal and spatial distribution of traffic demands. Among these, the third alternative may be the most cost-effective method for the Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) that can be achieved by using the existing ITS infrastructure. METHODS : KEC initiated a pilot study in which the traffic on congested expressways was managed by providing traffic condition information (i.e., travel times) of neighboring national highways for taking detours via variable message signs (VMS). This study aimed to estimate the detour rate, and the two pilot studies on Seohaean and Yeongdong expressways yielded many benefits. RESULTS: It was revealed that the total length of congestion segments decreased by 7.8 km, and the average travel speed increased by 5.3 km/h. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it was concluded that the propagation of detour information via VMSs during congestion hours can help reduce congestion on expressways and increase the benefits of the entire network.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to estimate the impact of variable message signage (VMS) on traffic safety as a function of road curve radius using statistical methods. METHODS: In order to analyze the impact of VMS installations on traffic safety, travel speed, lateral distance, and geometric data relating to road curvature in each study area was acquired and analyzed for the impact of providing VMS information on driver performance and traffic safety using statistical methods including student t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and the Anderson-Darling test for estimating traffic safety hazard zone in each lane. RESULTS: As a result of analyzing driver performance characteristics before and after providing VMS information, it was determined that by providing VMS information, mean travel speed is deceased and vehicles are driven with increased precision, following the centerline in the first and second lanes. Also the results of analyzing traffic safety impacts of VMS indicate that traffic safety performance factors in the first lane of the Gapyeong section can, on average, increase in the left and right side of the lane by 19.22% and 68.98%, respectively, and in the case of the second lane, safety impacts, on average, can increase in both sides by 100%. For the Hongcheon section, traffic safety impacts in the first lane, on average, can increase along the left and right sides of the lane by 32.31% and 47.18%, and within the second lane, traffic safety can be increased along the left and right side of the lane by 10.97% and -0.01%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the impact on traffic safety obtained by providing VMS information for road sections with smaller curve radii is greater than can be obtained for road sections with larger curve radii.

As a preparation of a design standard regarding road facilities, such as cantilever columns for traffic lights, street lights on highways is proposed. Currently these minor structures are designed based on guidelines which are mixed with multiple old foreign specifications without any criteria in terms of safety and economy, which could lead irregular safeties and the loss of national properties. In the considered two cases for effective projected area, it is found that following efficient way of design without critical analyses could make significant errors and miscalculations. Therefore, a fundamental research on the minor structures is urgently needed.

PURPOSES : This study analyzed the regional dew possibility in road sign using meteorological data. METHODS : Four years of meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, dew point, wind velocity were collected and analyzed. As a result of literature review, dew was frequent in large diurnal range, high humidity and weak wind. So, dew possibility was analyzed by (temperature-dew point ≤1℃ and wind velocity ≤ 1.5m/s). RESULTS : The possibility was analyzed for each meteorological observation point and the point of Suncheon and Bonghwa were selected as the most likely points of dew in road sign. The area of East Coast, Kyungbuk and Kyungnam were relatively low potential. CONCLUSIONS : Alternative with high effect of preventing dew should be selected in high possibility dew area despite of low economics.

PURPOSES : This research is to analyze the influence in terms of misreading rate and legibility time for drivers when condensation occurs on the road signs. METHODS : In this research, the dew occurred road signs provided to drivers to measure legibility time and misreading rate to compare with normal road sign. In order to identify the difference of legibility time between normal road sign and dew occurred road sign, the T-test and ANOVA test were used. And the vision system was used to recognize the region of dew occurrence on the road sign, then the brightness of dew occurrence region on the road sign was changed to check the misreading rate of drivers according to the change rate of brightness. RESULTS : The legibility times were measured 2.65s for normal road sign and 4.08s for dew occurrence road sign and misreading rates were measured 2.8% for normal road sign, 21.7% for dew occurrence road sign.

PURPOSES: This study is to develop a road traffic sign recognition and automatic positioning for road facility management. METHODS: In this study, we installed the GPS, IMU, DMI, camera, laser sensor on the van and surveyed the car position, fore-sight image, point cloud of traffic signs. To insert automatic position of traffic sign, the automatic traffic sign recognition S/W developed and it can log the traffic sign type and approximate position, this study suggests a methodology to transform the laser point-cloud to the map coordinate system with the 3D axis rotation algorithm. RESULTS: Result show that on a clear day, traffic sign recognition ratio is 92.98%, and on cloudy day recognition ratio is 80.58%. To insert exact traffic sign position. This study examined the point difference with the road surveying results. The result RMSE is 0.227m and average is 1.51m which is the GPS positioning error. Including these error we can insert the traffic sign position within 1.51m CONCLUSIONS: As a result of this study, we can automatically survey the traffic sign type, position data of the traffic sign position error and analysis the road safety, speed limit consistency, which can be used in traffic sign DB.

도로표지는 도로의 원활한 소통을 위해 운전자에게 안내를 위한 정보를 제공하는 시설물로써, 설치 및 관리기준은 도로법 제57조 및 국토해양부장관령인 도로표지규칙으로 정하고 있다. 하지만 도로표지규칙에서 정하는 사항에 대해 준수하지 않은 경우와 예외사항을 과다 적용하는 경우가 종종 발생하여 도로표지의 혼란정도를 야기하게 된다. 이를 포함하여, 도로명 안내표지, 출구중심 도로표지 등 다양한 도로표지는 운전자에게 이해하기 어려운 것일 수 있으며, 그에 따른 혼란정도가 높아질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 도로표지 중 도시지역의 방향표지를 대상으로 하여 혼란정도를 유발시킬 수 있는 도로표지의 요소를 제시하고, 정보표기 한정 개수를 산출하였으며, 혼란정도 인자를 그래프 이론을 통해 모형화하였다. 또한, 그에 따른 도로표지의 혼란정도를 예측하였다. 교차로별 혼란정도의 값과 3년간 교통사고 통계자료와의 비교를 통해 도로표지의 혼란정도가 교통에 미치는 영향에 대해 제시하였다.

도로표지는 운전자에게 정보제공의 역할을 하는 도로시설물로서 주행경로에 대한 운전자의 판단을 도와준다. 그러나, 주 야간의 온도, 습도 변화로 인한 도로표지판에 결로발생 시, 정보전달의 결함이 발생하여 교통사고 가능성을 높이는 원인으로 작용한다. 따라서, 도로표지판의 결로발생을 예방하기 위한 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 도로표지판의 결로발생을 예방하는 대안의 효과를 비교하기 위해 단열소재가 삽입된 시편, 결로방지필름이 부착된 시편을 선정하고 결로방지처리가 되지 않은 일반시편과 비교하였다. 분산분석과 사후검정(Tukey HSD)을 통해 각 시편에 발생한 측정시간에 따른 결로량을 비교 했으며, 결로량과 재귀반사도의 관계를 Pearson의 상관분석으로써 검증하였다. 분석결과, 결로방지필름이 부착된 시편에서 결로량이 적게 나타났으며, 결로발생 90초 후에는 결로방지필름의 부착 시편과 단열소재가 삽입된 시편에서 나타나는 결로량은 결로방지 처리가 되지 않은 시편에서 발생한 결로량과의 통계적인 차이가 존재하였다. 또한, 상관분석결과로써 결로량과 재귀반사도는 반비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 도로표지판에 발생된 결로량과 재귀반사 변화율에 대하여, 결로방지필름의 부착과 단열소재의 삽입은 결로방지에 효과가 존재하는 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 지방부 고속도로 상에서 유출지점용 도로전광표지의 적정 설치지점을 도출하기 위하여, 차량시뮬레이터 실험 자료를 변수로 운전자가 도로전광표지의 교통정보를 판독한 후 고소고도로 유출시설로 우회가 가능한지 여부를 판단할 수 있는 판별식(Discriminant Model for VMS installation : DMV식)을 개발하는 것이다. 연구결과로는 (첫째), 차량시뮬레이터 실험을 통하여 도로전광표지 설치지점을 변경시키면서 운전자의 인적, 행태적 자료를 수집하고, 이를 근거로 도로전광표지 설치지점에 따라 우회 가능성을 판단할 수 있는 DMV식을 개발하였다. (둘째) 우회가능성은 도로전광표지 설치지점이 멀수록, 운전자경력이 많을수록 고속도로 운전경험이 많을수록, 차량속도가 낮을수록 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 우회가능성에 큰 영향을 미치는 변수는 도로전광표지 설치지점, 고속도로 경험, 운전경력, 차량속도 순으로 나타났다. (셋째), 개발된 DMV식의 예측력을 검증한 결과, 개별 운전자가 도로전광표지의 교통정보를 판독하고 이에 대응하여 우회가능성을 정확하게 예측하였다. (넷째) DMV식을 이용하여 설치지점에 대한 우회가능성의 민감도분석을 수행한 결과, 지방부 고속도로에서 운전자의 85%이상이 도로전광표지로부터 교통정보를 판독하고 유출지점으로 진입하기 위해서는 유출지점으로부터 최소한 3.2km의 이격거리가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 피실험자가 20, 30대 운전자로 대표성에 한계가 있음을 감안하더라도 유출지점으로부터 건설교통부 지침에서 제시한 3.0Km이상의 이격거리가 필요하다는 것을 시사한다 하겠다.

최근 이상기후에 기인한 강풍 또는 태풍으로 인하여 도로표지판의 피해가 심각해지면서 풍하중의 영향을 크게 받는 도로표지판에 대한 내풍설계기준을 검토하여 내풍성능을 개선시킬 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 풍동실험에 의하여 평가한 풍하중과 내풍설계기준(도로표지규칙)에 의한 풍하중을 비교분석하였다. 풍동실험은 5종류의 도로표지판(도로표지판의 크기가 틀린 3종류와 구조가 틀린 2종류)에 대한 풍력실험을 난류경계층에서 실시하였고, 풍력실험으로부터 얻은 풍력계수 및 전도모멘트계수를 이용하여 도로표지판에 가해지는 풍하중을 평가하였다. 검토결과 풍하중에 대한 내풍안전성을 확보를 위하해서는 현재의 내풍설계기준을 개선할 필요가 있음이 확인되었다.