This study deals with the vibration transmissibility of a vibration isolation device, which is composed of frictional damping and nonlinear softening springs, when its base is harmonically excited. The SCAP method, a type of averaging method, is employed to obtain steady-state responses. The vibration characteristics due to excitation of the base are investigated through the analysis of displacement transmissibility in the steady-state response. In this process, displacement transmissibility for design parameters is analyzed, and the stability of the response is also investigated. The vibration isolation effect due to frictional damping is found to be more effective in the case of the softening spring than in the case of the hardening spring. Additionally, the pattern of the jump phenomenon observed during frequency sweeping, both upward and downward, has been identified.

In this paper, the effect of a dynamic vibration absorber to suppress the response of a base excitation vibration system composed of a cubic nonlinear spring and a friction damper is investigated. And the dynamic absorber consists of a linear spring and a viscose damper. The mathematical models of these systems are governed by second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The response characteristics of the system are analyzed using the slowly changing phase and amplitude(SCPA) method, which is one of the averaging methods. As a function of the friction force ratio, It was obtained the locking frequency at which the relative motion starts was obtained, and the regions where the locking occurred. The displacement transmissibility was investigated according to the change of the design parameter, and the optimal design parameters could be found to minimize the displacement transmissibility.

Friction damping is often used as a vibration isolation medium to protect large objects from vibration. In this paper, it is modeled and analyzed a basis-excited nonlinear vibration system with friction damping using the SCPA method, which is one of the averaging methods. The displacement transmissibility and the stability of the steady state response were analyzed seperately for the linear and the non-linear spring systems. The critical frequency at which the relative motion starts was obtained as a function of the friction ratio, and the characteristics of the displacement transmissibility according to the change of the design parameters were investigated. In the case of the nonlinear spring system, the displacement transmissibilities were divided into three types and the motion characteristics were considered. In particular, there was a peculiarity that the displacement transmissibilty curve was separated at specific parameter values.

In order to develop the compatible damping device in various vibration source, a hybrid wall-type damper combining slit and friction damper in parallel was developed. Cyclic loading tests and two-story RC reinforced frame tests were performed for structural performance verification. As a result of the 5-cyclic loading test according to KBC-2016 and low displacement cyclic fatigue test, The hybrid wall type damper increased its strength and the ductility was the same as that of the slit damper. In addition, As a result of the two-layer frame test, the reinforced frame had about twice the strength of the unreinforced frame, and the story drift ratio was satisfied to Life Safety Level.

본 연구의 목적은 마찰력의 크기에 따른 동조질량감쇠기(Tuned mass damper, 이하 TMD)의 성능변화를 조사하고, 이에 기초 하여 TMD의 최적 설계 파라미터를 결정하는 것이다. 일반적인 TMD 설계는 레일의 마찰력을 최소화하는 것을 전제로, 진동수비와 감 쇠비의 최적값이 제시되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 선형점성, 마찰력, 그리고 점성과 마찰을 동시에 가지는 TMD에 대하여 조화하중과 랜덤하중을 사용한 수치해석을 통해 최적진동수비와 최적감쇠비의 변화를 조사하였다. 마찰력의 경우에도 점성감쇠와 같이 특정 크기까지는 제어효율이 증가하나, 특정 값 이상에서는 TMD 성능이 급격히 저하되는 특성을 가진다. 점성감쇠와 마찰력이 동시에 존재하는 경우, 마찰력이 증가함에 따라 최적감쇠비가 감소하였으며, 마찰력의 크기를 반드시 고려하여 최적감쇠비를 결정해야한다. 풍하중을 받는 76층 벤치마크 구조물에 설치된 TMD에 대한 설계를 통해 제안된 최적 파라미터가 제어성능을 향상시키는 데 있어 유효함을 확인하였다.

This study develops a new hybrid passive energy dissipation device for seismic rehabilitation of an existing structure. The device is composed of a friction damper combined with a steel plate with vertical slits as a hysteretic damper. Analytical model is developed for the device, and the capacity of the hybrid device to satisfy a given target performance is determined based on the ASCE/SEI 7-10 process. The effect of the device is verified by nonlinear dynamic analyses using seven earthquake records. The analysis results show that the dissipated inelastic energy is concentrated on the hybrid damper and the maximum interstory drift of the SMRF with damping system satisfies the requirement of the current code.

본 연구의 목적은 마찰 감쇠기를 사용한 기존 구조물의 제진보강 설계절차를 제시하는 것이다. 보강된 구조물의 목표 지붕층 변위는 기존 구조물이 급격한 강도의 저감없이 보유내력을 발휘할 수 있는 최대변위를 초과하지 않도록 결정하였다. 보강 구조물의 변위는 비탄성 변위비 제안식을 이용하여 예측하였다. 제안된 방법의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 80개의 지반운동 데이터를 사용하여 비선형 동적해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과 제안된 방법은 보강 구조물의 지붕층 변위를 정확히 예측할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

In this study, as a part of the seismic retrofitting for school buildings, proposed of a new type of rotary friction damper, reviewed the performance and developed a experiment formula for the practical application. The rotary friction damper was composed of 4 shear plane using 2 friction pad. Considering a variety of yield moment, it was designed that clamping forces can be applied. The number of bolts were 9, 13 and thε clamping forces were 8 levels that the maximum load is the standard clamping forces. ±20mm displacement of the cyclic loading test were performed. As a result, the records of friction damper were stable. But sliding was ensured if the stress is 10-15% of the relation formula of sliding load in KBC 2009 by the bolts joining. However, when it is designed of that were inserted additional members for implementation of friction, the design of the level of 10% of the formula in KBC 2009 will be possible. And the design equation that is converted into the moment-rotation is proposed for the detailed design.

본 연구에서는 전단벽-모멘트골조 시스템으로서 전단벽이 주로 횡력을 부담하는 철근콘크리트 건물을 대상으로 다양한 설치형식과 마찰력의 총량 및 분포를 갖는 마찰형 감쇠기의 제진보강 효과를 수치해석을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 감쇠기의 설치형식으로서 전단벽에 인접한 대각가새형, 벽체가 없는 골조를 보강하는 대각가새형 및 벽체 단부를 보강하는 수직경계요소형을 고려하였다. 하중기준 강화로 설계용보다 크게 증가한 지진하중에 대해 건물의 재료비선형성을 고려한 비선형시간이력해석을 수행하여 에너지소산, 횡하중 및 부재손상도 측면에서 마찰형 감쇠기의 제진성능을 비교 분석하였다. 기준마찰력의 30% 수준의 총마찰력을 갖는 벽체보강 대각가새형 설치형식이 전반적으로 가장 우수한 제진성능을 보이며,이 경우에 마찰력 배분방식은 중요하지 않았다. 또한 일부층에 집중설치함으로써 전층설치에 약간 못미치는 제진성능을 얻을 수 있었다.

마찰형 감쇠를 갖는 구조물은 구조물의 고유주기, 하중의 특성, 그리고 외부하중에 대한 마찰력의 상대적인 크기에 따라 강한 비선형성을 나타내므로, 구조물의 최대응답을 예측하기 매우 어렵다. 기존의 연구에서는 비선형 시스템을 등가의 선형 시스템으로 치환하거나, 구조물의 비선형 시간이력해석을 통한 응답스펙트럼 분석에 의한 간단한 확률해석에 의해 수행되었다. 지진 하중은 불확실성과 불규칙성을 갖고 있기 때문에 확률적으로 정의된다면, 지진하중을 받는 마찰형 감쇠를 갖는 구조물의 응답 역시 확률분포를 나타낼 것이다. 본 논문에서는 Kanai-Tajimi 필터를 이용해 생성된 인공지진하중에 대해 마찰형 감쇠를 갖는 구조물의 비선형 시간이력 해석이 수행되었다. 그리고 정규분포 확률밀도 함수에 선형 회귀분석을 통해 얻어진 구조물의 주기와 마찰력의 크기에 의한 변수를 업데이트 시킨 마찰형 감쇠를 갖는 구조물의 변위 응답 확률밀도함수식이 제시된다.

This paper deals with the numerical model of a bracing-friction damper system and its deployment using the optimal slip load distribution for the seismic retrofitting of a damaged building. The Slotted Bolted Connection (SBC) type friction damper system was tested to investigate its energy dissipation characteristic. Test results coincided with the numerical ones using the conventional model of a bracing-friction damper system. The placement of this device was numerically explored to apply it to the assumed damaged-building and to evaluate its efficiency. It was found by distributing the slip load that minimizes the given performance indicies based on structural response. Numerical results for the damaged building retrofitted with this slip load distribution showed that the seismic design of the bracing-friction damper system under consideration is effective for the structural response reduction.

Structures with Coulomb-friction damping system have strong nonlinearity that the dynamic behavior is highly affected by the relative magnitude between frictional force and excitation load. In this study, normalized response spectra of the structures with non-dimensional friction force are obtained through nonlinear time history analyses of the mass-normalized single degree of freedom systems using ground motion data designed by ATC-40 and Korean Building Code 2005(KBC 2005) on each slte. The variation of the control performance of Coulomb-frictional damping system is investigated in terms of the dynamic load and the structural natural period, of which effects were not considered in the previous studies. Finally, Design spectra of the structure with Coulomb-frictional damper considering the safety of structural design is proposed though linear curve fitting

본 연구에서는 지진하중을 받는 탄성구조물을 대상으로 층전단력 분포에 기초한 마찰감쇠기의 설계방법을 제시하였다. 먼저 마찰감쇠기의 슬립하중(slip-load)을 정규화하는 방법 별로 단자유도 시스템의 수치해석을 수행하고 비교하였다. 이를 통해 슬립하중과 가새 강성의 영향을 파악하였으며, 설치용 가새와 원구조물의 최적강성비를 찾았다. 다음으로는 다양한 고유주기와 층수를 갖는 구조물을 대상으로 수치해석을 통해 마찰감쇠기의 설치 층수와 위치의 결정방법 및 슬립하중의 분배 방법을 도출하였다. 이 과정에서 설치 층수가 포함된 성능지수를 사용하여 슬립하중의 총합으로부터 최적의 설치 층수를 도출하는 경험식을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 실제 지진하중을 사용한 수치해석을 통해 기존의 최적설계 방법과 비교하여 제안된 방법의 우수성을 입증하였다.

In this study, a seismic design methodology for a friction damper based on the story shear force of an elastic building structure is proposed. First, using two normalization methods for the slip-load of a friction damper, numerical analyses of various single-degree-of-freedom systems are performed. From those analyses, the effect of the slip-load and brace stiffness was investigated and the optimal stiffness ratio of the brace versus original structure was found. Second, from the numerical analysis for five multi-story building structures with different natural frequency and the number of story, reasonable decision method for the total number of installation floor, location of installation and distribution of slip-loads are drawn. In addition, an empirical equation on the optimal number of installation floor is proposed. Finally, the superiority of the proposed method compared to the existing design method is verified from the numerical analysis.

In this study, equivalent linear damping and stiffness of a single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF) structure with a rotational friction damper are estimated using the result of experiments and compared with those obtained from non-linear time history analyses. First, the transfer function of the test model is constructed and then the equivalent stiffness and damping are calculated, using the half-power bandwidth (HPB) method. For comparative study, those properties are estimated based on stochastic theory in the time domain. Both equivalent linear systems identified from experiments and numerical analyses correspond well. Further, it is observed that there exists an optimal clamping force on the rotational friction damper from estimated equivalent damping.

본 논문의 목적은 탄성과 비탄성 구조물의 지진응답제어를 위한 마찰감쇠기의 설계절차를 제시하는 것이다. ATC-40과 ATC-55를 이용하여 비탄성 구조물의 등가선형감쇠비와 등가선형주기를 구하였고, 이에 기초하여 목표 성능을 만족하기 위한 마찰감쇠기의 최대마찰력을 결정하는 식을 제시하였다. 이 식은 항복 전후 강성비와 요구되는 탄성강도에 대한 항복강도비, 그리고 구조물의 주기에 따라 비선형 수치해석과 오차가 발생한다. 수식에 의해 산출한 최대마찰력과 비선형 수치 해석에 의해 산출된 값과의 오차를 줄이기 위하여, 최소 제곱법을 사용하여 오차 보정식을 제시하였다. 수치해석결과는 제안된 보정식을 사용하면 탄성 및 비탄성 지진응답제어를 위한 마찰감쇠기의 설계를 합리적으로 수행할 수 있음을 보여준다

이 논문의 주된 목적은 지진을 받는 구조물의 비탄성 거동을 제어하기 위해 Coulomb 마찰감쇠기의 제어성능을 산출하는 것이다. 능력스펙트럼법을 이용하여 다양한 건물의 내진성능이 평가되나, 만약 평가된 성능수준이 목표수준에 미치지 못할 때는 추가적인 감쇠비를 산출하게 된다. 추가적인 감쇠비를 얻기 위한 마찰감쇠기의 리더 마찰력은 등가 점성 감쇠의 개념을 사용하여 산정된다. 이와 같이 제안된 방법의 효과를 증명하기 위해, 다양한 주기와 항복 후 강성비를 가진 단자유도 구조물들에 대하여 수치해석을 수행하였다.

The purpose of this paper is to present a design method for friction damper (FD) for inelastic response control of short-period structure. A critical design parameter of FD is maximum friction force (MFF) and previous study evaluated MFF using equivalent damping ratio which is based on the maximum displacement. This procedure, however, gives the overestimated MFF for short-period structure. In this study, MFF of FD is evaluated based on RMS displacement response which is obtained by using given maximum response and peak factor. Numerical analysis shows that proposed method provide a reasonable MFF of FD for short-period structure.

In this study a hybrid energy dissipation device is developed by combining a steel slit damper and linear-slot friction dampers to be used for seismic retrofit of structures. The hybrid damper has an advantage in that friction dampers are activated for small earthquakes or strong wind while slit damper remains elastic, and both friction and slit dampers work simultaneously for strong earthquakes. Cyclic loading tests of the linear-slot friction, slit, and the combined hybrid dampers are carried out to evaluate their seismic energy dissipation capability.

We have experienced cracking around column bottom and safety check places on a bridge due to lamp post shaken by traffic and wind. So we need to take a measure to decrease stress on lamp post by suppressing vibration. In this study, We have tested how much we can reduce the stress by using an anti vibration damper.