본 연구는 관광 관련 서비스 분야에 필요한 특수 목적 중국어(CSP) 교육과정 개 발을 위한 첫 단계로 AI 데이터 기반으로 구축된 구어체 병렬 코퍼스에서 CSP 어휘 리스트를 선정하여 용어색인과 어휘다발(n-gram)등을 분석하였다. 어휘리스트 어휘 규모는 토큰 수 총 304, 228개와 타입 수 17, 286개로 나타났으며, 어휘 누적 증가율 을 분석하면 2-Gram과 3-Gram의 어휘다발이 가장 많았고, 실무 현장에서 가장 많 이 활용되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 구축된 특수 목적 관광 중국어 어휘 리스트는 실제 교육 자료로 제공하여 관광 중국어 학습자와 교수자에게 실용적으로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

본 연구에서는 BCC에서 2000년 이후의 ‘最+前面’ 예문을 376개 선별하여 현실 언 어생활에서의 사용 추이와 그 특징을 살펴본 결과, 다음과 같은 사실들을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, ‘最+前面’ 구문의 연도별 사용 추이를 분석해본 결과, 2000년 초반에 급격히 증가하다 감소하고 2016년부터 다시 증가세를 보이는 N자형의 추이를 보였 다. 둘째, ‘最+前面’ 구문의 다수가 ‘V+在+最前面’ 형식을 취하였고 문법상 공기하는 동사는 ‘冲>走>排>跑>站>放>挤>在, 坐> 处, 派, 是>摆, 挡, 行进>游, 抢, 带, 位于’ 의 순서로 고빈도를 보였다. 셋째, ‘最+前面’ 구문의 전후로 어휘 의미상 결합하는 명 사는 [+사람], [+사물], [+동물], [+상태], [+처소], [+시간], [+순서], [+범위], [+개념]의 유형인 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, ‘最+前面’ 구문은 문장 성분상 개사 빈어나 주어 등으 로 충당된다. 다섯째, ‘最+前面’은 ‘的’를 첨가하여 명사화 특징도 보였다.

본고는 언중들이 사용하고 있는 구어와 문어를 전사한 말뭉치에 나타 난 ‘-겠-’의 분포 양상을 기술하고 구어 말뭉치와 문어 말뭉치에서 분포 양상의 차이점을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 본고는 21세기 세종 계획의 결과물들 중 590만 어절 구어 말뭉치에서 선어말어미 ‘-겠-’이 나타나 는 200개의 텍스트, 4313개의 문장과 2364만 어절 문어 말뭉치에서 선어말어미 ‘-겠-’이 나타나는 200개의 텍스트, 13083개의 문장을 연 구 대상으로 삼았다. 연구 방법으로는 선어말어미 ‘-겠-’이 사용되는 문장을 통해 어떤 용언 뒤에 분포하는지를 면밀하게 살펴서 첫째, 구어 말뭉치와 문어 말뭉치에서 ‘-겠-’과 결합하는 빈도수가 가장 많은 용언 10개를 뽑았으며 둘째, 문장에서 ‘-겠-’이 어떤 선어말어미 뒤에 가장 많이 분포하는지를 하나씩 조사하며 셋째, 선어말어미 ‘-겠-’ 뒤에 어 떤 어말어미가 많이 결합하는지를 찾아내고자 한다. 본고는 구어 말뭉 치와 문어 말뭉치에 나타난 ‘-겠-’의 분포 양상을 정리하고 두 말뭉치에 서 나타난 차이점을 밝혔으며, 이 연구가 한국어 교육 현장에 기초 자료 로 활용될 수 있다는 점에 의의가 있다.

To clarify the concepts of dialects, vernacular and regional languages used with similar meanings, this study attempted to reveal the usage patterns and concepts of these expressions based on written corpus. The written corpus of printed newspaper articles from the online Naver News Library that archived newspaper articles from 1920 to 1999 and the news article corpus crawled by the online Naver News portal from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2021 were extracted and analyzed. In particular, this paper analyzed the relationship between collates and keywords based on the corpus linguistic research methodology of the news article corpus for the past eighteen years and how they were being used in official records and press documents by corresponding with the 'dialects, vernacular, and regional languages' in socio-linguistic terms of modern Korean. The results are summarized as follows. First, the concept of linguistic norms that a dialects have terms corresponding to the words or standard languages was established after the 1930s. Second, in the library of newspaper articles published in the 20th century, dialects or vernaculars were perceived as negative objects to be removed in preparation for standard language. Third, it can be seen that the positive value judgment on 'vernacular' has increased in the corpus of news articles over the past decade. Fourth, dialects and vernacular, regional language, and standard language were used to be compatible with each other, and it can been seen that dialects were mainly used in academic contexts and vernacular were mainly used in everyday contexts. Fifth, it can be confirmed that the positive perception of standard language has been maintained in the 20th-century newspaper article corpus and the 21st-century news article corpus for the last eighteen years after the recognition of standard language.

The purpose of this study is to examine a corpus regarding the use of discriminatory language and its perceptions. First, we examined informal job titles that indicate social views regarding the respective workers, and then we analyzed expressions indicating negative perceptions as well as negative expressions about occupations and tasks to determine negative views or attitudes toward the workers. Summarizing the results of the analysis, ganhowon(nurse) and cheongsobu(cleaner) as inappropriate titles, nogada(physical labor) and gongdori/gongsuni(factory boy/girl) as expressions of negative perception, and nogada and wunjeonsu(driver) in negative expressions related to occupations and work occur with high frequency. Ganhowon is used with titles for women like eonni(older sister), agassi(lady), and Miss ○, cheongsobu and pachulbu(day maids) with the titles ajumma(tannie) and ajeossi(older man), wunjeonsu and gongsuni with the epithets nom(jerk) and nyeon(bitch), and nogada with the titles ilggun(workers) and inbu(laborers), and such terms as jjapsae(the fuss) with a epithet saeggi(jerk/bleeder) are used mainly as inappropriate titles. Bad behavior, deprecatory social treatment, and negligent discrimination are conveyed in these expressions of negative perception. The expressions related to occupation and work were mainly used for professionals doing less respected or socially lower work or who do not work well, and there were many expressions indicative of low status or lower rank in the job hierarchy. Lastly, references to appearance and sexuality were those most frequently used in expressions conveying other occupational discrimination, and were found to be used mainly for ganhowon and gongsuni who are young women.

본 연구는 중국어 동사 유의어 具有와 擁有를 중국어 말뭉치자료 BCC와 CCL의 통계를 활용하여 결합관계를 분석하였다. 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 具有의 주어는 사람과 사물 모두 사용이 가능한 반면, 擁有의 주어는 사람 위주이며, 국가, 정부, 시 등과 자주 결합한다. 具有의 목적어는 주로 성격, 성질, 속성 관련 명사이고, 擁有의 목적어는 구체적 명사 및 사람, 추상명사와도 결합된다. 具有의 목적어에는 사람이 올 수 없는 반면 擁有의 목적어에는 사람이 올 수 있다. 둘째, 정도부사와 부정부사와의 결합 을 살펴본 결과는 ‘不’은 具有 및 擁有와 결합되며, ‘沒有’와 ‘沒’의 경우 具有보다 擁有와의 결합비율이 높았다. 정도부사 ‘最’와 具有의 결합 비율이 가장 높았고, 擁有는 정도부사와의 결합이 이루어지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 두 유의어의 동태조사와의 결합을 살펴본 결과는 모두 ‘了’와의 결합비율이 높았다. ‘擁有+過’는 결합되지만 ‘具有+過’는 결합되지 않았다.

This article aims to examine what kinds of non-linguistic parameters correlate with the variations of the sentence-ending styles used in television news. Specifically, we focus on shifting between Hapsyo-style and Haeyo-style, two dominant kinds uttered in the register, and the variations in Haeyo, based on the results from the analysis of a news corpus. It turned out that whereas the two styles are both used, Haeyo is used much less than Hapsyo in the news. In the use of Haeyo as opposed to Hapsyo, the three different parameters such as the gender of the speaker, the role of the speaker, and the type of the news item are shown to have significant correlations. That is, the values of women, anchors, and the type of news items for specific hearers, have positive correlation to the use of Haeyo, contrary to the values of men, reporters, and the type of news items for abstract hearers. The parameter which have the strongest correlation to the use of Haeyo turned out to be the types of news items, followed by the role of speaker, and the gender of the speaker are shown to be the weakest one. Regarding the variations among the different forms belonging to Haeyo, we examined the diversity of the endings used, with special attention to the proportion of the endings originated from clause-linkers, and it turned out that the role of speaker and the type of news items are significant parameters, among which the former is relatively more relevant.

Jeon Ji-eun. 2014. A Study on Key Words Analysis according to Social Variables of Gender and Age using Sejong Korean Spoken corpus. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(1). This study shows how a key words and key clusters analysis offers an empirical data of the significant characteristics in social variables of gender and age based on Sejong spoken corpus. “Key words” is a term for statistically significant lexical items which are most frequent in a given corpus compared with other corpus as a reference (Scott 1999). We also extend the keyness concept to word combinations, clusters which are found repeatedly together in each others' company, in sequence. We use the KeyWords facility in WordSmith tools (Scott 2012) which has been used in several studies as means for describing the characteristics of social variables. We extract (1) the male and female key words/key clusters in public and private speech, (2) the 20s and over 30s key words/key clusters in public and private speech. Therefore, we found that these empirical investigations verify the lexical saliency of utterance by gender and age. The gender key words show more prominent features than age key words. Moreover, The key words analysis is more efficient than key clusters analysis in sociolinguistic studies. This study is illustrative of the potentiality of the corpus-based research on social differentiation in the use of language.

This study aims to investigate the errors of prepositional verbs in Korean university students' essays and alert teachers to the necessity of a more systematic instruction of prepositional verbs. Prepositional-verb errors found in the learner corpus of essays written by 416 Korean university students were classified into five categories: (a) preposition omission, (b) wrong prepositions, (c) preposition addition, (d) misordering, and (e) others. Of the 1317 tokens of prepositional verbs retrieved from the corpus, 448 were found to be used erroneously, over half of which were instances of preposition omission. No tokens of misordering errors were found (e.g., *to go school / *go school to). A careful analysis of these errors also revealed the following. First, students were not able to discern the difference between a verb used transitively and the same verb used as a prepositional verb (e.g., believe and believe in). Second, the inability to distinguish transitive verbs from intransitive ones also resulted in a considerable number of errors in preposition omission (e.g., *listen music) and preposition addition (e.g., *enter in university). Third, using wrong prepositions (e.g., *worried at me) was also a rather common occurrence, accounting for 18% of the all the errors related to prepositional verbs.

본고는 교육용 한자 제정을 위한 기본 사항에 관한 연구이다. 기금까지의 기초한자 1800자는 제정 과정에서 객관성이 결여되어 있기 때문에 실질적인 학생들의 어휘력 신장이라는 측면에서는 부족한 면이 많았다. 본고는 이에 고등학교 국어 교과서에 나오는 한자어 휘의 빈도를 조사하여 대안으로 제시하고자 한다. 그 과정에서 기초한자에 설정되어 있지만 국어 교과서에는 나타나지 않는 한자가 있었으며(佳, 却, 甘, 鋼, 皆, 慨, 更), 반면에 기초한자에는 설정되어 있지 않지만 빈도수가 높게 나타나는 한자(匣, 葛)가 있었다. 마지막으로 사전에 등재되어 있지 않은 한자어도 발견할 수 있었다.

English much of an N' (henceforth, MOA) construction (e.g., It’s not much of a problem.) consists of quantifiers like much, more/less, enough, little and of-an-NP to intensify the indefinite singular degree NP. In this paper, we first review basic properties of the construction, focusing on the relation between the gradability of the NP and its predicativeness. In particular, after investigating authentic corpus data of the MOA, we provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis which allows a constraint-based approach in accounting for various syntactic as well as semantic properties of the construction.