본 논문은 민정 이양 후 1964년 3월부터 계엄령 직전인 5월까지 한국 국내의 한일회담 반대 운동과 관련하여 한국 국회에서 어떠한 논의가 진 행되었는지 고찰한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 국회회의록, 신문기사 등의 1차 자료를 활용하여 분석한다. 본 논문은 핵심질문인 ‘1964년 한일회담 반대 운동과 관련하여 한국 국회 논의는 어떻게 진행되었는가?’에 대해 다음 두 가지의 특징으로 답한다. 첫째, 3-4월 국회에서는 여당과 야당 모두 한일회담 반대 운동을 우려하여 반대시위의 원인과 해결책을 찾으 며 한일회담과 관련된 논의를 하였다. 둘째, 5월 국회의 논의는 한일회 담 반대 운동에 대한 박정희 정권의 대처와 시위 주체의 위법성을 중심 으로 진행되었다. 특히 여당은 5월 20일의 한일회담 반대 운동을 공산주 의와 연결하여 보았고 일부 정치인들이 개입되었다고 판단하였다. 반면, 야당은 한일회담 반대시위를 여전히 평화적 시위라 여겨 박정희 정권의 대응이 과격하다고 주장하였다. 결국, 1964년 3월의 한일회담 반대 운동 확산 후 계엄령 전까지 한국 국회는 한국 국내의 불안정 상황을 해결하 기 위해 여당과 야당이 여러 논의를 시도하였지만 역부족이었다.

『백작부인 캐서린‏‎』과 『캐서린 니 훌리한』‏‎에서 예이츠는 아일랜드의 정 치 사회적 변화와 대중들에 대해 자신의 신념을 피력한다. 『백작부인 캐서린』‎에서 그 는 당시 아일랜드에 유입된 영국식 자본주의와 사회 경제적 지위가 상승한 중산 계층 의 물질주의 사상이 농부들을 부패시킨 원인이라고 본다. 문화를 회복하기 위해서 그 는 농부들이 귀족에 대한 전통적인 숭배를 회복하고 중산층의 세력을 억제해야 한다 고 주장한다. 『캐서린 니 훌리한』‏‎에서는 예이츠는 민족주의를 위해 개인의 삶을 전적 으로 바치는 충성심과 희생정신을 기리는 반면 민족을 위한 개인의 희생이라는 대의 명분이 지닌 위험성을 간과하지 않는다.

This study aimed to investigate whether isometric lower limb exercise can activate contralateral trunk muscles and whether the magnitude of muscle activation is related to lower limb movement in sitting. This study included 25 healthy young subjects (20 males and 5 females). The magnitude of trunk muscle activation was measured using surface electromyography (EMG) during hip flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction, and a significant difference was observed in the activation levels of trunk muscles among the tests (p<.01). The EMG activity of the multifidus (MF) and erector spinae (ES) muscles on the contralateral side were significantly greater during hip extension. However, the activation levels of the contralateral internal oblique (IO) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles were greatest during hip flexion. The MF : ES EMG ratio was significantly greater during hip isometric during hip isometric flexion and abduction compared to hip extension and adduction. There was no significantly difference in the IO : RA ratio during the isometric contractions toward different directions. These findings indicate that isometric lower limb exercise can elicit trunk muscle contraction on the contralateral side and may therefore be helped for developing contralateral trunk muscle strength in individuals undergoing rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of contralateral hip adduction (CHA) on thickness of lumbar stabilizers during hip abduction in side-lying. Twenty healthy subjects without back pain were recruited for this study. The thickness of transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO) and quadratus lumborum (QL) were measured by ultrasonography. Pelvic lateral tilting motion was measured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Measurements were performed at rest position (RP), preferred hip abduction (PHA) and abduction with contralateral hip adduction (CHA) in side-lying at the end of expiration. During the measurements, subjects were asked to maintain steady trunk alignment without hand support. Thickness of TrA and IO was significantly greater in CHA than in PHA and RP conditions. There was no significant difference in thickness of TrA and IO between PHA and RP conditions. Medio-lateral (M-L) thickness of QL was not significant between PHA and CHA conditions. Anterio-posterior (A-P) thickness of QL in PHA and CHA significantly decreased compared to RP condition. Angle of pelvic lateral tilting was significantly decreased in CHA compared to PHA condition. In conclusion, CHA can be recommended for increasing trunk stability without compensatory pelvic motion during hip abduction exercise in side-lying.

본 연구의 주된 목적은 벡터-기반 보조 정보를 사용하는 대시메트릭 매핑의 방법론을 정련화하고, 그것의 GIS-기반 실행 프로그램을 개발하여, 2000년 서울시 인구밀도 분포도 제작에 적용하는 것이다. 대시메트릭 매핑은 해당 변수와 공간적 연관성을 가지는 보조 정보를 사용하여, 해당 변수의 분포 패턴을 보다 정확하게 재현하는 지도화 방식을 의미한다. 즉, 대시메트릭 매핑은 임의적인공간단위의 데이터를 보조 자료를 이용하여 변환함으로써 기저에 있는 통계적 밀도면(statistical density surface)를 복원하여 제시하는 주제도 제작 기법이다. 중요한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보조 정보가 가진 범주의 수와 범주 별 가중치 산출 방식을 모두 포괄하는 다중-클래스 대시메트릭 매핑의 일반식이 도출되었다. 둘째, 기존의 연구들에서 사용된 가중치 부여 방식을 정리하여‘인구 비중법’,‘ 표준 밀도법’,‘ 회귀분석법’으로 체계화하였다. 셋째, GIS 환경 하에서 대시메트릭 기법이 실행되는 프로그램이 제작되었다. 넷째, 서울의 2000년 522개 동 별 인구 수를 기본 데이터로 하고 벡터-기반의 토지이용현황도를 보조 정보로 하여 세 종류의 대시메트릭 매핑을 실시한 결과 코로플레스 매핑 보다는 기저의 통계적 밀도면을 보다 잘 반영하는 인구밀도 분포도가 제작되었다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of concurrent and reciprocal isometric contraction and angle of ankle joint on fatigue of concentrically contracting contralateral dorsiflexor and plantar flexor. Seventeen able-bodied subjects participated in the study. Concurrent and reciprocal isometric contraction were performed under three different ankle joint angles (dorsiflexion, neutral position, plantar flexion). During concurrent or reciprocal isometric contraction. fatigue of concentrically contracting contralateral tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus was investigated and compared. There was no interaction between different ankle joint angles and direction of isometric contraction (p<.05). No significant differences were found among three different ankle joint angles (p<.05). Contralateral muscle fatigability was lower in reciprocal isometric contraction than that in concurrent isometric contraction (p<.05). Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that reciprocal isometric contraction is more beneficial than concurrent isometric contraction inducing less fatigability during contralateral concentric contraction.

16세기 인물인 존 녹스는 스코틀랜드 종교개혁을 제도화시킨 종교개혁자다. 녹스는 다수의 설교, 편지, 중요한 저작들을 남겼는데 그 중에서도 많은 반대를 일으킨 문제작이 1558년에 출판한 『여인들의 괴상한 통치에 반대하는 첫 번째 나팔 소리』이다. 이 글은 잉글랜드 여왕 메리 튜더의 통치를 무력화시킬 목적으로 작성되었지만 여성 혐오와 여성 통치 반대를 일반화시킨 글 전개로 녹스에게 여성혐오주의자라는 악명을 남겼다. 이에 본 논문은 녹스가 『첫 번째 나팔 소리』를 쓰게 된 시대적 배경을 기술하고 그 구체적인 내용을 소개함으로써 이 책의 핵심이 ‘여성 혐오’가 아니라 우상숭배적인 여성 ‘통치자’ 반대라는 것을 밝히려고 한다. 또한 『첫 번째 나팔 소리』 밖의 녹스가 여성 통치자들과 주변 여성들에게 쓴 편지를 살펴보면서 여성 통치자를 인정하고 여성을 존중했던 역사적 녹스를 소개하고자 한다.

방사선치료 기법의 발전으로 치료가 더욱 정밀해졌음에도 불구하고 치료 부위 외에도 방사선에 의해 피폭되는 것은 피할 수 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 유방암의 방사선치료 시 치료 반대편 유방의 bolus 두께에 따른 흡수선량을 평가하고 선량 저감 효과에 대해 분석하고자 하였다. 실험 및 방법으로 Rando phantom을 대상으로 VMAT 치료방법을 이용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 치료 반대편 유방에 A, B, C, D, E의 5개 지점을 선정하여 bolus를 사용하지 않았을 때와 5, 10, 15, 20 ㎜ 의 bolus를 사용하였을 때의 선량을 유리선량계를 사용해 평가하였다. 그 결과, 치료지점과 가장 가까운 지점에서 높은 흡수선량이 측정되었으며 치료지점과 가장 먼 B 지점에서는 가장 낮게 측정되었다. 평균 흡수선량은 bolus를 사용하지 않았을 때 8.61 cGy 그리고 두께에 따라 8.10, 7.94, 8.06, 8.10 cGy로 나타났다. 연구 결과 선량 저감 효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 본 연구를 바탕으로 적절한 bolus 두께를 설정하여 정상조직의 선량 저감화를 위해 노력해야 할 것이다.

In this case, the Supreme Court of Korea gives very important opinion for the evidence law in general, ① Lowering of the probative power of the statesment in the protocol of investigative agent in the light of the weakness of the written record ② Unrecognizing the proof value of the statements where the cross-examination lacks. First, With indicating the inaccuracy of the record in the light of statements in fact, lowering of the probative power of the statesments in the protocol of investigative agent in general is inappropriate. In order to complement such a weakness, the law provide the strict provisions for the protocol drawing up. Furthermore, this kind of view falls into difficulty in answer to the question, “Can be the lowering problems all solved, if we, for the complement of such weakness, record the total statements or record them in tapes or video tapes?” This problem is not for statement in the protocol, but for the probative power of the out of court statement. Probative power is the thing which should be judged in each case individually with considering total situation with relation to the situation in which the statements were made, contents of the statements and comparison with other evidences. By the way, the problem of confrontation has important meaning from the new tendency which views the problem in other way than hearsay approach. But the method of the Court leads to the confusion with the meaning or the standard because of the termonology which the Court has used, that is , substantial proof value and inadmissible. Recently, the problem of confrontation is understood as a procedural right of the defendant in the criminal procedure and there is an American approach and a European Union approach. In my opinion, Considering our constitutional provision and criminal procedure, the European Union solution is proper. The admissiblity of the statements made in the situation in which the defendant cannot confront the speaker should be judged be the standard of the fairness of the process, that is, the question, “Would it harm the fairness of the process in the whole to admit the statements?” By the judgement, it would give an important ground to see the resposibility of the investigative agent for the nonconfrontation situation. But the responsibility of the investigative agent should not be an absolute ground for the inadmissibility of the statements, but would be the ground for prudent judgement of the probative power considering whether the substantial parts of the statements could be confirmed by other materials, when the statements are the only one important evidence to support the charge. Furthermore, Because the time of the confrontation is not limited to the trial, it would be useful to evaluate the provision in our criminal procedure for the interrogation with confrontation by the public attorney and investigative officer and to use it as a meaningful tool for guaranteeing the chance of confrontation of the defendant.

This study is to show the inadequacy of OT-based analyses of opacity, thus defending rule-based analyses. Analyses in the OT`s framework such as Two-Level Constraints, Sympathy Theory, OO- Correspondence Relation, and Local Conjunction of constraint are found to be inappropriate or costly in solving the problem of opacity in Kyungsang dialect of Korean. Post-Obstruent Tensing applies opaquely in close relation to Consonant Cluster Simplification, where violation marks for the opaque candidate and its transparent counterpart are in a proper subset relation. In such a case, any OT-based analysis suffers theoretical strictures.

This study wi1l examine the Eliot‘s reaction to the American Puritanism. One of the remarkable characteristics of American Puritan society was that it kept its balance between two contradictory doctrines. While the American Puritans had the Calvinistic notion of original sin, they emphasized their self-confidence and pride as the chosen people and believed that they had been already saved as New Israelites of the City of God. As a result, they paradoxical1y came to dilute the doctrine of original sin. It is the American Puritan jeremiad that reveals this paradox and has worked through American rhetoric as the ideology accelerating Americanization up to the present. Though it was a kind of reprimand and lamentation, the jeremiad was at the same time the rhetoric that directed an imperiled people of God to fulfill their destiny and guided them individually toward salvation and collectively toward the American City of God. This study examines Eliot’s reaction against such an optimistic progressive rhetoric. In a sense, E1iot as a Christian poet should be fundamentaIIy optimistic. Therefore it might be said that he is opposed not to optimism or progress itself, but to shallow such optimism and blind belief in progress without understanding of human life as Eliot thinks is Emerson’s Transcendentalism. And it is the transition from American Puritanism to Transcendentalism that Eliot pays attentlOn to. In the course of his reaction to American Puritanism inc1uding Unitarianism and Transcendentalism as a sequence of American Puritanism, Eliot in turn criticizes humanism for the be1ief in the goodness of human nature and the ignorance of original sin, which drives the modem world to what he regards as wrong, i. e., Romanticism, Democracy, and Protestantism. Therefore what concems Eliot the most about the modem world is the disappearance of the sense of sin, which, he argues, is another product of the American Puritan optimism.

The growth and heavy metal experiments revealed oppositive interactions between toxic metals(Zn and Cd) and Mn when the coastal diatom T. pseudonana were used. Cd and Zn inhibited the algal growth rate only at low Mn ion concentrations and this effect could be accounted for an inhibition of cellular Mn take by the toxic metals. Mn and Zn inhibited cellular Cd take and this indicated a reciprocal effects among the metals with respect to metal take. Saturation kinetics modeling of the take data was consistent with two metals competing with each other for binding to the Mn take system and with both Cd and Mn being transported into the cell by that system. Mathematical modeling of Mn and Cd take data revealed evidence for a Cd efflux system.