This study aims to evaluate traffic safety facilities in school zones in Busan Metropolitan City through Importance-Performance Analysis. This study investigated the traffic safety facilities in nine school zones, which have relatively more traffic accidents in Busan Metropolitan City from 2020 to 2022, through a field study and an Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). It identified their performance(i.e., compliance rate) and importance to derive measures for the improvement of traffic safety facilities in school zones. The field study showed that the compliance rate of starting points among traffic safety signs was low, and no speed limits were complied with the installation regulations among traffic road markings, but road safety facilities were generally well managed and operated. As a result of AHP, the order of importance was road safety facilities, traffic safety signs, and traffic road markings. More specifically, speed bumps, safety signs, and crosswalks were found to be more important than others in road safety facilities, traffic safety signs, and traffic road markings, respectively. Importance- Performance(compliance) Analysis revealed that the traffic safety facilities necessary to be most urgently improved are starting points. This result can be resorted to underlying measures to determine priorities for installing and operating traffic safety facilities in school zones.

본 연구는 강원 평창군에 위치한 발왕산 산림유전자원보호구역의 관속식물상 및 식생구조를 파악하기 위하여 2023 년 3월부터 9월까지 총 5차례에 걸쳐 현지조사를 수행한 후, 67개소의 식생 자료를 대상으로 이원지표종분석법 (TWINSPAN) 을 통하여 산림식생 유형을 구분하고 평균상대중요치, 종다양성, CCA를 통해 그 생태적 특성을 분석하 였다. 발왕산 산림유전자원보호구역의 관속식물상은 81과 186속 283종 7아종 28변종 2품종으로 총 320분류군이 확인 되었다. 특산식물은 숲개별꽃, 진범 등 총 13분류군, 희귀식물은 가시오갈피 (EN) , 바늘까치밥나무 (VU) 등 총 5분류군 이 확인되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 총 118분류군이 조사되었으며, 귀화식물은 하수오, 미국가막사리 등 총 11분류군으로 귀화율은 3.4%로 나타났다. 식생유형은 복장나무-난티나무군락, 분비나무-사스래나무군락, 전나무-단풍 취군락, 소나무군락, 신갈나무전형군락 등 총 5개의 유형으로 구분되었다. 종다양도는 2.222로 VT2가 다른 식생단위에 비하여 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 풍부도, 균재도에서도 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. CCA 분석 결과, 식생의 분포에 영향을 미치는 환경요인으로 해발고도, 종다양도, 암석노출도와 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 보호구역 내 공간분포 특성을 파악하기 위하여 현존상관식생도를 작성한 결과, 신갈나무군락, 복장나무-난티나무군락, 신갈나무-피나무군락, 물푸레나무-층층나무군락, 아고산침활혼효림, 소나무-신갈나무군락, 소나무군락, 전나무군락 등 총 8개의 군락으로 구분되었다.

본 연구는 백두대간 줄기에 위치하며 산림청 지정 산림유전자원보호구역으로 지정된 희양산의 관속식물상에 대해 조사하였다. 현지 조사는 2021년 4월부터 2024년 5월까지 총 10회에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며, 조사 결과 총 447분류군 94과 268속 395종 9아종 37변종 6품종의 생육이 확인되었 다. 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 총 10종이 확인되었으며, 멸종위기종(CR)에 왕벚나무 1종(식재), 위기종(EN)에 두메닥나무 1종, 취약종(VU)에 꼬리진 달래 등 3종, 약관심종(LC)에 금강제비꽃등 5종이 포함되었다. 특히 두메닥나무는 국내 신분포지로 판단된다. 특산식물은 은꿩의다리, 청괴불나무 등 14분류군이 확인되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 총 73분류군으로 IV등급에 6분류군, III등급에 21분류군, II등급에 21분류군, I등급에 25분류군 이 포함되었다. 이 결과는 향후 산림유전자원보호구역인 본 조사지역의 지속적인 보전을 위한 보호대책 마련 등의 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

PURPOSES : This study estimates the effects of traffic safety policies (e.g., the Minsik Act) on the seriousness of traffic accidents in children protection zones. METHODS : A difference-in-differences framework in which the change in the gap of seriousness of traffic accidents occurring in children protection zones and those occurring outside the zone before and after the implementation of the Minsik Act was applied. Furthermore, a placebo test, in which the samples are restricted to a specific period, is irrelevant to the time of students going to school. RESULTS : On average, when the factors causing traffic accidents are not controlled, the degree of damage in traffic accidents in children protection zones appears to be more serious The introduction of the Minsik Act has been shown to reduce the damage from traffic accidents in children protection zones. In particular, illegal U-turns and signal violations increased the severity of traffic accidents in children protection zones, and trucks caused the greatest damage. CONCLUSIONS : The traffic safety policy for children protection zones (Minsik Act) is effective in improving traffic safety by simply “strengthening legal regulations.” This strengthens the importance of traffic safety education to prevent drivers from engaging in driving behaviors such as illegal U-turns and traffic signal violations. It is necessary to ensure the traffic safety of children by establishing a truck operation policy that bypasses children protection zones.

PURPOSES : The effect of yellow carpet visibility enhancement was verified and its impact on traffic safety for effective introduction of traffic safety facilities was studied. METHODS : There is currently no scientific evidence demonstrating that yellow carpets improve pedestrian awareness. In this study, the effect of increasing visibility caused by the installation of yellow carpet was verified, and the effect of improving the level of traffic safety was examined through an objective analysis. A drone was used to collect and analyze video data to compare the driving speeds of vehicles passing near yellow carpets at six different sites and diagnose the effects of speed reduction. RESULTS : The results showed that the visibility improvement values before and after the installation of the yellow carpet differed from place to place, but a visibility improvement effect existed in certain cases. In terms of the adequacy of the installation site, the yellow carpet had no deceleration effect on vehicles driving on signalized local streets and collector highways. It was found that there was a speed reduction effect on unsignalized local streets. CONCLUSIONS : To enhance traffic safety promotion, yellow carpets should be placed on unsignalized local streets. It is important to place the yellow carpet in the right place in a proper manner.

해양공간계획(Marine spatial planning)은 해양의 합리적인 이용과 지속 가능한 해양 공간 활용을 위한 중요한 요소이다. 특히 어업활동 보호구역은 지속 가능한 어업을 위한 핵심 용도구역으로, 해양공간계획 경계 내에서 약 45.6%를 차지한다. 그러나, 현재 어업활동보호구역의 지정 과 평가는 미래 수요와 잠재적 가치를 충분히 반영하지 못하고 있으며, 중장기 계획 수립을 위한 보다 합리적인 평가 방법과 예측 도구가 필요한 상황이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 본 연구는 어업활동보호구역 내 주요 어종인 고등어, 갈치, 멸치, 참조기를 대상으로 어종 분포 예측을 시도하고, 현재 용도구역과의 비교를 통해 예측 도구의 가능성을 평가하였다. 한편, IPCC 6차 기후변화 시나리오(SSP1-2.6 및 SSP5-8.5)를 적용한 종분포 모델(MaxEnt)을 사용하여 미래 기후변화에 따른 어종의 이동 및 분포 변화를 분석한 결과, 고등어, 갈치, 참조기의 분포 면적은 현재보다 약 28~86% 증가했으나, 멸치의 분포 면적은 약 6~11% 감소했다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 주요 4종의 종풍부도 지도를 작성하였으며, 해양공간계획 경 계 내에서 ‘높음’으로 평가된 종풍부도 해역과 어업활동보호구역이 중복되는 비율은 약 15%, SSP1-2.6 시나리오에서 21%, SSP5-8.5 시나리오에서 34%로 증가하였다. 연구 결과는 향후 용도구역 평가나 유보구역 변경 시 과학적 근거로 활용될 수 있으며, 어종의 현재 종분포와 기후변화에 따 른 분포 예측을 통해 현재 용도구역 평가의 한계를 보완하고, 지속 가능한 유용 해양 자원의 이용을 위한 계획 수립에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

해양을 이용하려는 수요자 증가에 따라, 해양공간을 합리적으로 배분하기 위해 해양공간계획(Marine Spatial Planning)제도가 도 입되었다. 이 중 어업활동보호구역은 수산자원보호 등 어업활동 보호를 위해 지정되었다. 그러나, 어업활동보호구역을 주로 항해하는 어 선은 우리나라에서 발생하는 해양사고의 약 70 %를 차지할 정도로 위험에 노출되어 관리가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 어업활동보호구 역 내 어선 통항 안전 확보를 위해 어업활동보호구역과 항만·항행구역에서 발생하는 해양사고를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 해양용도구 역의 교통량을 조사하고 선종별, 사고 유형별, 톤수별, 사고원인별, 인명피해별로 해양사고를 조사하였다. 분석 결과 각 유형별 단위 면적 당 해양사고는 대부분 항만·항행구역에서 더 많이 발생하였으나 전체적으로 발생한 해양사고는 어업활동보호구역이 높았다. 특히 인명사 고가 많이 발생하여 통항 안전관리가 필요한 것으로 식별되었다.

The objectives of this study were to analyze the fish community structures and distribution characteristics of fisheries resources in the Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, fishery resources protection areas. For the study, we conducted fish samplings four times in the two streams from April to October 2019. In Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, we sampled 31 species and 29 species and the dominant species were Zacco platypus (28.6%) and Squalidus multimaculatus (41.7%), respectively. According to the life type of fish species, primary freshwater species were collected 18 species (58.1%) and 21 species (72.4%), and migration fishes were sampled 4 species (12.9%) and 6 species (20.7%) in Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, respectively. Fisheries resources species showed high relative abundance in June, and the fish biomass was highest in October. As a results of comparing the previous studies with this study, both rivers showed high biodiversity and were found to maintain stable populations of fishes. According to analysis of tolerance guilds, the proportion of tolerant species, based on the number of individuals, was composed of 14.4% and 1.1% in Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, respectively. This very low ratio of tolerant species confirmed that both streams have very good physiochemical environment conditions. From the above results, it was judged that the fishery resource protection areas of Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream have high ecological function and preservation value. For sustainable use and management of fishery resource protection areas of Osip Stream and Wangpi Stream, it is suggested that biological disturbance management, fish discharge projects considering environmental capacity, efforts to improve the habitat environment, and establishing a fishery resource protection areas management system were necessary as considerations.

PURPOSES : Speed management is essential for enhancing children’s safety in school zones. The objectives of this study are to analyze how digital-based school zone signs and newly proposed signage for increasing visibility influence speed reductions and how the new system facilitates drivers obeying the speed limits. METHODS : A before/after analysis technique with comparison groups (widely used to evaluate safety effects) was employed. To effectively capture the safety effects of the new system, two significant measures were selected as the measures of effectiveness: the rates of change in space mean speeds and speed limit compliance. RESULTS : With three target sites and three comparison sites, the mean space speeds after installing the new systems were found to be slightly reduced for all target sites (the reduction rates of the space mean speed were found to be 5% for site A, 1% for site B, and 6% for site C). The lack of a constant tendency in speed reduction effects at all sites might be owing to the fact that the speed data collection was conducted before the driver's system adaptation was sufficiently performed. Regarding the speed limit compliance rate, significant increases were observed at two sites (10% for site A and 51% for site C), but site B did not show an increasing effect. The reason for the absence of this effect is that the installation of crosswalks and speed bumps at the target site affected the driver's compliance with the speed limit. CONCLUSIONS : An insufficient amount of evaluation results was obtained for the new guidance system. However, the new guidance system method provides an alternative approach to improving children's safety, i.e., by inducing drivers to actively slow down in school zones.