Laundry services are becoming more specialized and diversified. Therefore, this study investigated consumers’ perceptions of professional laundry shops by analyzing social media data. For this purpose, text data from blogs, cafés, and Q&A sections (‘Ji-Sik-In’) on the portal site, naver.com, was collected. Sixty-four keywords were extracted from 2,213 social texts and transformed into a one-mode matrix using KrKwic, a program for the analysis of Korean text. Semantic network analysis was conducted to understand the network structure and the results were visualized using NodeXL. Keywords included fashion items and materials that require specialized professional laundry services, words related to the establishment of laundry shops, and laundry shop brands. Essential keywords of professional laundry shops included ‘luxury,’ ‘footwear,’ ‘removal,’ ‘bag,’ ‘leather,’ ‘sneakers,’ ‘padding,’ ‘premium,’ ‘dyeing,’ and ‘franchise.’ These results could be used to deduce that consumers perceive a professional laundry shop as a franchise shop offering specialized professional laundry services. A cluster analysis was conducted to identify the types of consumer perceptions of professional laundry shops. The network was divided into three groups: ‘specialized professional laundry service,’ ‘laundry and repair of winter coats and jackets,’ and ‘the establishment of a professional laundry shop.’ According to the results, consumers perceive professional laundry shops as franchises that offer specialized professional laundry services rather than general laundry services. Therefore, professional laundry shops need a strategy to develop special laundry services that differentiate them from other companies and communicate with consumers about these services.

본 연구는 소비자의 선호 촉감을 고려한 세면용 타월 개발에 도움을 주고자 수행되었다. 타월의 바탕조직은 동일하지만(면섬유), 파일을 구성하는 섬유의 종류가 서로 다른 3종(면 100%, 면 50% / 대나무 50%, 대나무 100%)을 시료로 선정하였다. 타월을 표준 세탁조건으로 반복세탁을 실시하였으며, 10회 세탁한 타월에 대하여 섬유유연제를 처리하여, 세탁에 따른 유연성과 흡수성(흡수속도와 흡수율) 등의 성능 변화를 고찰하고 대학생 남녀 소비자를 대상으로 주관적 감각과 촉감 선호도를 평가시켰다. 세탁횟수와 파일섬유의 종류에 따라 타월의 유연성은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 타월의 흡수성은 세탁에 따른 파일섬유의 종류에 따라 유의한 차이를 보여, 흡수속도는 대나무섬유 100%로 된 타월에서 높았으나, 흡수율은 면섬유로 된 타월이 높았다. 세탁 전 타월의 파일섬유 종류에 따른 주관적 감각 평가는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 세탁이 반복될수록 파일섬유의 종류에 따른 주관적 감각은 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 섬유유연제 처리시 더 부드럽고 매끄러우며 촉촉해진다고 평가하였다. 세탁 전 타월에 대한 촉감 선호도는 선호하는 편이었으나, 파일섬유 종류에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 세탁횟수가 증가함에 따라 타월에 대한 촉감 선호도는 다소 저하되었으며, 대나무섬유로 된 타월의 촉감을 가장 선호하였다. 타월의 촉감 선호도에는 평활감, 유연감 등의 주관적 감각과 섬유유연제 처리가 영향을 주었다

The purpose of this study was to examine laundry behavior according to the number of households and the type of washing machine that each household used. The data was obtained from questionnaires filled out by 417 households, which included college students living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The results of this study are as follows: first, according to the results of survey about the number of household members and type of washing machine that household had, one or two-person households accounted for 24.0%. Regarding the type of washing machine that each household used, there were more drum washers. In households comprised of three or more persons, a higher percentage had a machine with a pulsator. Second, with regard to the method of classifying the wash in doing the laundry, all families classified the wash according to color and textile material. Third, with regard to the amount of detergent in doing the laundry, 63.5% of households used the recommended amount of detergent while 28.3% of households used more detergent than the recommended amount. Fourth, with regard to the set temperature of water in doing the laundry, 36.2% of households used cold water; this was the highest percentage. Fifth, with regard to input sequence in doing the laundry, most households put the wash in the machine in advance, and then filled the washer with water; 56.1% of households added a rinsing process for all washing processes.

Nowdays, costumer’s washing behavior were often times for remove to light-duty dirt. The purpose of this study is to provide the most effective washing conditions of detergent concentration and temperature conditions for help save energy and water resources required to the washing process. Washing conditions were as follows: 2 kinds of detergents and 4 types of artificially soiled fabrics were used. Detergent concentration was 0%, －10%, and －20% below the recommended conc. of manufacturer’s standard. Temperature of bath was 20℃ and 40℃. The results of this study were as follows: First, washing performances of all kind of artificially soiled fabric improved as the temperature of bath at 40℃. Second, the test was conducted under the condition of decreasing respectively －10% and －20% below of the recommended concentration of manufacturer’s standard detergent. The average of washing efficiency was not considerably affected by the reduction of 10% below of manufacturer’s standard. Third, in case of the water temperature were 20℃, polyester/cotton blended fiber were higher degree of washing efficiency than cotton fiber.

The purpose of this research is to provide accurate information of household washers and detergents for consumers, so that help the producers who make washing machine and detergent to get basic material and also help consumers to choose washing machine. Experiment was proceed with two type of washers to compare energy consumption, washing performance, rinsing effectiveness further, damage caused by entanglement of laundry and fabric was assessed. Detergent P and T were used to compare the performance related to differences of ingredients of detergent. Soiled fabrics of EMPA 108 set were used to evaluate performance of washing by different types of contamination. A summary of experimental results are : First, for the consumption of water, drum-type washer consumed 53% less than pulsator-type washer. On the other hand, the washing time was almost similar for both these machines, but pulsator-type washer showed shorter progress, implying that power saving was more efficient in this case. Second, the drum-type washer showed better performance for contamination with all types of detergent, but the pulsator-type washer showed better rinsing performance. Third, the drum-type washer performed less data of tangle level and fabric damage. Fourth, detergent "P" exhibited better washing performance than did detergent "T", regardless of the type of soil. And with no limit of detergent variety, water-soluble protein soil showed high removal rate, liposoluble soil especially pigment was hardly removed.

우리나라는 2013년 헤이그 국제아동입양협약에 서명하여 이제 비준의 절차를 남겨두고 있다. 1993년에 헤이그 국제사법회의에서 채택된 헤이그 국제아동입양협약은 국제입양에 있어서 아동이 가족적 환경에서 건전하게 성장할 인권을 보호하고 아동을 납치, 매매, 밀거래, 아동세탁 등으로부터 보호하기 위한 목적으로 제정되어진 국제적 규범이다. 헤이그 국제아동입양협약은 입양이 아동의 최선의 이익에 합치하게 이루어질 의무, 국제입양의 보충성, 아동의 납치, 매매, 밀거래 등에 대한 안전장치, 국가간의 협력의무, 입양결정의 자동적 승인 등을 주된 내용으로 하고 있다. 우리나라도 협약에 가입한 이상 협약상의 의무를 이행하기 위한 조치가 필요할 것인데, 현재 우리나라의 입양특례법은 외국인의 국내에서의 입양과 외국인의 국외로부터의 입양만을 규정하고 있어 협약과 우리법제가 일치하도록 이행법률의 제정이 시급하다. 이러한 이행법률을 제정함에 있어 우리 민법의 입양의 규정, 외국에서의 입양의 효력, 준거법과 관할의 문제 등 많은 요소들이 고려되어야 할 것이나, 그 중에서도 국제입양의 과정에서의 아동의 매매, 밀거래, 아동세탁의 아동학대적 관행의 방지는 우리의 입법과정에서도 주요한 고려 사항이 되어야 할 것이다. 현재 우리의 입양특례법 등은 아동의 국제입양과정에서 금품이 제공되거나 양친 등에 대한 잘못된 정보에 의거한 하자있는 동의에 의하여 국제입양이 진행되는 경우 등에 관하여 적절한 제재방법을 제시하고 있지 않다. 협약 역시 이러한 아동의 인권을 침해하는 행위에 대한 제재에 대하여 자세하게 기술하지 않은 채, 단지 국가가 지정한 중앙기관이 국제입양을 통제하고 감독하여야 할 의무와 이를 방지하기 위하여 지켜져야 할 입양의 절차 등에 대해서만 기술하고 있을 뿐이다. 국가는 우리 국민인 아동 또는 국제입양을 통하여 우리 국민이 될 수 있는 아동을 국제입양에 있어 발생할 수 있는 불법적인 행위로부터 지켜야 할 책무가 있다. 따라서 협약의 이행법률의 제정에 있어 이에 대한 효과적인 제재수단이 고려되어야 할 것이며, 입양과정에 있어 알선기관의 금품제공, 허위 정보 제공, 기망 등의 위법행위에 대하여 과징금은 물론 형벌까지 부과할 수 있도록 한 미국 국제입양법의 입법태도는 우리의 이행법률 제정과정에서 하나의 시사점이 될 수 있을 것이다.

Recently, it was under an obligation to install the VOCs recycling unit in the cleaners and the gas station to prevent from discharging VOCs emitted from the cleaners and the gas station. The objectives of this study was to investigate the VOCs recycling unit used thermoelectric module to recycle the organic solvent from the cleaners and after washing. The traditional way was the use of the VOCs recycling unit with the compressor. But the recycling unit has many weak points , noise, size, danger of fire, additional pollution and so on. In order to improve these weak points, it was developed the new VOCs recycling unit using the thermoelectric module through this study. The cooling block with 32 thermoelectric module was applied to cool the hot VOCs where comes to occur from the dryer in high temperature condition. Also a water-cooled equipment was used to remove the heat from the hot surface of thermoelectric module. The experimental results from new VOCs recycling unit shows that the maximum recovery rate of the unit was 83.2 % and the recycled VOCs' purity was 98 % or more. And the noise problem was solved by applying the thermoelectic module to the VOCs recycling unit.

A design methodology for parametric design optimization of washing machine door is presented. We develop a motion simulator and a robotic door to simulate the various motion of washing machine doors. The motion of the washing machine door is related to hinge parameters. Springs and dampers are usually used in the hinge of washing machine door for controlling motion of the door. A physical simulator of the door motion is used for finding candidate parameters of the hinge and a robotic door whose motion is controlled algorithmically is used for consumer tests. Through the consumer evaluation on the robotic motion, the optimized parameters are determined. We find the optimal parameters as a function of angle and angular velocity of the door.