본 논문에서는 충격파 형태의 폭발 하중을 받는 부재의 소성 범위를 고려한 SDOF 해석의 수정계수를 개발하였다. SDOF 해석의 수 정계수는 MDOF 해석 결과 값을 비교하여 도출하였다. SDOF 해석에 영향을 미치는 매개변수로 부재의 경계조건, 폭발 하중 지속시 간과 고유주기 비를 선정하였다. 수정계수는 탄성 하중-질량 변환 계수를 기준으로 산정하였다. 수정계수 곡선은 상한, 하한 매개변수 경계 사이에 있도록 타원 방정식을 이용하여 도출하였다. 서로 다른 단면과 경계조건을 가지는 예제에 수정계수를 적용한 결과 SDOF 해석의 오차율이 15%에서 3%로 감소하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 수정계수를 적용하여 SDOF 해석의 정확도를 높임에 따라 폭발 해석 에 널리 활용될 수 있다.

다양한 원인으로 콘크리트 구조물에 하중이 작용되며, 이에 대한 적절한 대응이 이루어지지 않으면 구조물에 열화가 발생하고, 붕괴와 같은 대규모 재난을 초래할 수 있다. 구조물에 발생하는 하중을 감 지하는 연구는 지속적으로 이루어지고 있지만, 안전성 모니터링을 위한 혁신적인 시스템에는 여전히 부족함이 존재한다. 탄소나노튜브/폴리우레탄 복합체는 다양한 공학 분야에서 구조물 건전성 모니터링 을 위한 센서로 활용되어 센싱 효과가 뛰어난 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 공학 분야에서 구조물 건전성 모니터링 센서로 활용되고 있는 탄소나노튜브/폴리우레탄 복합체를 제작하여 모니터링 시스템을 개발하였다. 다양한 하중에 대한 센싱 성능을 파악하기 위해 인장, 압축, 충격 시험 을 진행하였고, 동시에 센서의 전기적 변화를 분석하였다. 추가적으로 본 센서가 구조물 표면에 적용 됨에 따라 온도, 습도와 같은 환경적 영향성을 분석하여 활용 가능성을 평가하였다. 또한, 최대 48행, 48열의 다중 계측이 가능한 IoT 기반 다중 모니터링 시스템을 개발하고, 이를 구조물에 적용된 센서 와 연계하여 스마트 모니터링 시스템으로서의 성능을 평가하였다. 이를 통해 탄소나노튜브/폴리우레탄 복합체 기반 센서는 구조물 하중 감지 시스템으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

PURPOSES : This study is to analyze the reduction effect on road pavement damage from the installation of weigh-in-motion systems used for overloaded vehicle enforcement, from the perspective of traffic assignment. METHODS : Fixed-demand multi-class traffic assignment was conducted by VISUM, a macroscopic traffic simulation software. We considered three vehicle classes and calculated the traffic load for each road link using the ESAL(Equivalent Single Wheel Load) factor, as proposed by ASHTTO(American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). We set up scenarios with weigh-in-motion installations in certain sections and observed how the traffic load changed before and after the installation of weigh-in-motion for each scenario. RESULTS : Three main trends were observed. Firstly, at points where weigh-in-motion systems were installed, traffic load significantly decreased even with the influx of cars and trucks following the restriction of overloaded trucks, highlighting the significant influence of overweight vehicles on the traffic load. Secondly, even when overweight vehicles detoured, there was no significant change in the overall network's traffic load. Lastly, the detour of overweight vehicles led to an increase in the total driving distance and time for all vehicles. CONCLUSIONS : Installing weigh-in-motion systems in sections with a lower structure number, which indicates thinner road pavement, can prevent damage in those specific areas without affecting the entire road network.

This study aims to assess the seismic performance of retrofitted reinforced concrete columns using a Replaceable Steel Brace (RSB) system, subjected to combined axial, lateral, and torsional loadings. Through experimental testing, one non-retrofitted concrete column specimen and two retrofitted specimens with variable sliding slot lengths were subjected to eccentric lateral loads to simulate realistic seismic loading. The retrofitted specimens with RSBs exhibited enhanced resistance against shear cracking, effective torsional resistance, and demonstrated the feasibility of easy replacement. The RSB system substantially improved seismic performance, achieving approximately 1.7 times higher load capacity and 3.5 times greater energy dissipation compared to non-retrofitted column, thus validating its efficacy under combined loading conditions.

The importance of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in the industry is increasing due to various loads, such as earthquakes and wind, having a significant impact on the performance of structures and equipment. Estimating responses is crucial for the effective health management of these assets. However, using numerous sensors in facilities and equipment for response estimation causes economic challenges. Additionally, it could require a response from locations where sensors cannot be attached. Digital twin technology has garnered significant attention in the industry to address these challenges. This paper constructs a digital twin system utilizing the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to estimate responses in a pipe system under simultaneous seismic load and arbitrary loads. The performance of the data-driven digital twin system was verified through a comparative analysis of experimental data, demonstrating that the constructed digital twin system successfully estimated the responses.

Damage to gas and fire protection piping systems can lead to secondary disasters after an earthquake, so their seismic design is crucial. Accordingly, various types of seismic restraint installations are being devised, and a new suspended piping trapeze restraint installation has also recently been developed in Korea. In this study, a cyclic loading test was performed on the developed trapeze support system, and its performance was evaluated according to ASHRAE 171, the standard for seismic and wind restraint design established by the American Society of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The three support system specimens did not break or fracture, causing only insignificant deformations until the end of the experiment. Based on the experimentally rated strength and displacement performance, this trapeze support system is expected to control the seismic movement of piping during an earthquake.

프리캐스트 코핑의 중공부 주철근 단절로 인한 단점을 보완하고, 거치대 삽입 없이 주철근을 거치대로 활용할 수 있 도록 철근-콘크리트 접촉부의 응력집중을 완화할 수 있는 하중분산세트의 성능을 검토하였다. 유한요소해석 및 축소모형실험을 통해 검토한 결과 하중분산세트는 철근-콘크리트 접촉부의 응력집중을 효과적으로 완화시켜 거치 시 콘크리트 파손을 방지할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The need for research on a sensor system that can monitor the dynamic load of a commercial vehicle in real-time is emerging because the development of autonomous vehicles is actively progressing worldwide. In this study, dynamic load measuing system of commercial vehicles was developed using the MEMs inclinometer attached to the leaf spring suspension. Test vehicle’s driving test was accomplished by changing speed and payload weight in several stages. Using the dynamic load measurement system, it was possible to check the weight shift and the change of stopping distance. When a driving speed increases from 30km/h to 80 km/h, the stopping distance increases from about 25m to 80m.

This paper aims to develop numerical models for seismically-deficient reinforced concrete columns retrofitted using a fiber-reinforced polymer jacketing system under blast loading scenarios. To accomplish the research goal, a coupling model reproducing blast loads was developed and implemented to the column model. The column model was validated with a past experimental study, and the blast responses were compared to the numerical responses produced by past researchers. The validated modeling method was implemented to the non-retrofitted and retrofitted column models to estimate the effectiveness of the retrofit system. Based on the numerical responses, the retrofit system can significantly reduce the peak dynamic responses under a given blast loading scenario.

최근 국내의 지진발생 빈도가 증가함에 따라, 지진피해 저감 시스템 중 가장 효율이 높은 제진방식의 문제점을 해결하며 댐퍼의 복원성과 에너지 소산 능력을 증가시켜 잔류변형 감소와 사용성 증대 효과를 발생시키는 새로운 제진설계 방식이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 학교 등 기존에 시공된 비내진상세 철근콘크리트 구조물의 지진에 의한 뒤틀림 방지, 횡방향 변위제어 및 진동저감을 위하여 구조물의 양 옆에 원형강봉댐퍼를 설치하는 시스템을 제안하고, 2층 철근콘크리트골조 실험체를 반복횡 하중 가력 하여 내진성능을 평가하였다. 무보강 및 보강 실험체들의 실험결과를 비교한 결과 외부보강용 원형강봉댐퍼 시스템이 2층 철근콘크리트 골조의 강성과 에너지소산면적을 증가시켜 내진성능을 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 원형강봉댐퍼가 지진 에너지를 소산하여 지진력을 흡수함을 확인하였다.

This study showed that experimental study of inelastic nonlinear behavior of two-way beam string structures. General large span structures consisting of beam members have large moment and long cross section of area. In order to decrease these excessive moment and deflection, the two-way beam string structures composed of H-Beam, strut, and cable elements were proposed. In the two-way string beam, the cable with the prestress improves force distribution of some weight reduction. Two systems made of structural steel and cables were tested. The nonlinear behaviour of the two-way beam string structures studied by using finite element model and compared to experimental results. The displacement of the LVDT in the center of the beam correspond with the ABAQUS results. 2,200MPa cable can afford to bear breaking load than 1,860MPa cable. The two-way beam string structures is correlated to the finite element model and the experimental results. In consequence, It showed that the system with two-way cables exhibits much better structural performances than H-Beam structures and beam with cable.

The outrigger damper system is a structural system with excellent lateral resistance when a wind load occurs. However, research on outrigger dampers is still in its infancy. In this study, dynamic response control performance of damper is analyzed according to change of stiffness value and damping value of damper. To do this, a real-scale 3D model of 50 stories has been developed and the artificial wind load has been entered for dynamic analysis. Generally, the larger the damping value, the smaller the stiffness value is, the more effective it is to reduce the maximum displacement and acceleration response. However, the larger the attenuation value as the cost of construction increases, it is necessary to select appropriate stiffness and damping value when applying an outrigger damper.

Background: There are insufficient objective or quantitative evidence for the better intervention to improve proprioception particularly for the application of external load. There are conflicting opinions whether the external load is effective for proprioception improvement or not. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of external load on proprioception of shoulder joint quantitatively using 3D motion capture system. Methods: Nine healthy adults joined for this study. They were asked to perform scapular plane abduction motion with attaching reflective markers on the trunk and upper limb. The 3D positions of finger marker, while they performed the same task with and without external load, were recorded and analyzed. Results: All participants showed decreased variable errors in the vertical direction when the external load was applied (p<.02). Even though other directions (y, z) and absolute errors increased, they did not have statistical significances. Conclusion: Based on this study results, the external load application would be effective for shoulder joint position sense improvement.

본 연구에서는 기존외장재로 사용되고 있는 알루미늄 커튼월시스템을 대신할 수 있는 공법으로, 유리를 지지하는 케이블에 초기장력을 도입하여 건축외장재에 작용되는 풍하중을 효과적으로 지지할 수 있는 케이블월 시스템을 제안하였다. 고층건축물 기준층 에 적용할 수 있는 상하로 연결된 수직 일방향 케이블시스템에 케이블의 초기장력과 설계하중에 대한 변위를 예측할 수 있도록 구조 해석과 실물크기의 실험을 통해 케이블월 시스템의 구조성능을 평가하였다. 구조설계 프로그램인 MIDAS-Gen을 이용하여 케이블의 초기장력 및 구조거동을 해석하였고, 구조실험에 나타난 최대 처짐 값은 케이블구조 국제허용 처짐인 AAMA 조건에도 만족한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 구조해석을 통해 나타난 결과 값이 실제 외장재 크기에 동일한 하중조건으로 작용한 구조실험 결과 값과 거의 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과로, 제안된 케이블월 시스템을 건축외장재에 사용할 경우 구조성능은 충분히 확보될 뿐 만 아니라 개방성이 확보되고 시공이 간편하여 공사비용을 절감시킬 것으로 예상된다.

The demand for skyscrapers is increasing worldwide. Until now, various lateral resistance structures have been used for lateral displacement control of high-rise buildings. An outrigger damper system has been introduced recently to improve lateral dynamic response control performance further. However, a study of outrigger damper system is yet to be sufficiently investigated. In this study, time history analysis was performed to investigate the control performance of an outrigger damper system of high-rise building under eccentric loading. To do this, an actual scale 3-dimensional tall building model with an outrigger damper system was prepared. The control performance of the outrigger damper system was evaluated by varying stiffness and damping values. On the top floor torsional angle response to the earthquake load, was greatly affected by damping value. And the displacement response was affected greatly by the stiffness value and damping value of damper system. In conclusion, it is necessary to select the proper damping and stiffness values of the outrigger damper system.

본 연구에서는 초고층건축물의 풍진동 모니터링을 위한 시스템식별기법의 현장적용성을 평가하였다. 실제 아웃리거-벨트월 을 횡력저항 시스템으로 가지는 실제 63층 RC구조물을 대상으로 상시 및 강풍시 응답을 모니터링하였으며, 진동수영역분해(FDD), 랜덤감소(RDT)기법, 부분공간시스템식별(SSI)법을 사용하여 진동특성을 식별하였다. 건물의 평면이 정방형이고, 두 개의 횡방향 모드의 진동수는 매우 유사하였다. 모든 식별기법에서 태풍과 같이 강한 외력이 존재할 경우 뿐만 아니라 상시미진동 에서도 구조물의 모드 특성을 식별할 수 있었다. 현장에서의 적용성 평가결과, 계산속도는 FDD가 가장 빨랐으며, RDT가 가장 간단한 프로그래밍 절차를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

이 연구에서는 RTK-GPS 장비를 사용하여 상시바람하중 및 가진 진동 실험시 계측된 변위 응답을 이용하여 실물크기 5층 철골 프레임에 대한 시스템식별 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 가속도 응답을 사용하여 얻은 결과와 비교하였다. RTK-GPS는 10Hz의 비교적 낮은 샘플링 속도를 가지고 있어 현장상황을 고려하여 적절한 측정안정도를 확보하는 것이 중요하였다. 변위자료를 사용하여 식별된 모드특성은 가속도 자료를 사용하여 얻은 것과 동일하였으며, 가속도계를 사용하여 측정할 수 없는 변위응답의 평균성분을 관측할 수 있었다.

Numerical analysis was carried out to investigate the variation of stress and strain characteristics for the rail device in stone board cutting system. The maximum equivalent stress and strain from the vertical load acting on the device decrease as the load moves forward. Also, the maximum equivalent stress appears near the end of left, and the equivalent force of right rail device was about 1.8 times higher than that of left rail device. The variation of stress and strain distributions was remarkable at the edge of the device, and it has a strong influence on the bottom and column. These results can be applicable to optimal design of the stone board cutting device for the system safety.