The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rope skipping and band exercise on GH, IGF-1 and metabolic syndrome risk factors in female obese middle school students. Twenty female obese middle school students(%BF > 30%) were randomly assigned to a exercise group(EX, n=10) or control group(CON, n=10). The exercise group has performed rope skipping and band exercise for 12 weeks, 3time per week. Exercise intensity was increased gradually, from 40% to 70% of Heart Rate Reserve(HRR) and Rating of Perceived Exertion(RPE) 11-15. GH, IGF-1 and metabolic syndrome rist factors were GH, IGF-1 and metabolic syndrome risk factors were measured pre- and post-exercise program including rope skipping and band exercise. Levels of GH and IGF-1 were significantly increased (p<.01 and p<0.001, respectively) in exercise group after 12 weeks of exercise training. WC and TG were significantly decreased(p<.01) in exercise group after 12 weeks of training. HDL-C was significantly increased(p<.05) in exercise group after 12 weeks of training. In conclusion, rope skipping and band exercise were effective exercise program in improving GH, IGF-1 and metabolic syndrome risk factors in female obese middle school students.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the eating of breakfast by female middle school students in Seoul, the perception of the school breakfast program (SBP), and determine the factors affecting the intention to participate in SBP. Out of 340 questionnaires distributed to the female middle school students, 334 were returned (98.2% response rate) and 323 were analyzed. The subjects were categorized into two groups by the intention to participate in SBP. Subjects were classified as participating and non participating groups. As a result of analyzing the breakfast intake frequency, 'hardly eat' showed the highest with 18.5% in the participating group and 10.3% in non participating group, while 'eat every day' showed 38.2% in the participating group, and the highest with 65.5% in non participating group (p<0.001). For the reason for skipping breakfast, 'no time' showed the highest with 30.0% in the participating group, 'over sleep' and 'no appetite' showed the highest with 24.8% in non participating group. For the reason for not participating in SBP, 'breakfast should be eaten at home' showed the highest with 47.2% in non participating group and 'may get up early in the morning' showed the highest with 46.2% in participating group (p<0.01). To determine the factors affecting the intention to participate in SBP, logistic regression analyses were conducted for female middle school students. According to the logistic regression analysis, father's education level was independently associated with the intention to participate in SBP in female middle school students [Odds Ratios (OR) 2.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.03~5.52]. Frequency of eating breakfast on weekdays (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01~1.81), Level of need for school breakfast (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35~0.76) and whether to approve school breakfast (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.18~0.41) were independently associated with the intention to participate in SBP in female middle school students. In conclusion, proper educational efforts for importance of school breakfast could be useful plan to develop school breakfast program.

The growth of the middle school girls show big difference among the individuals and the development of each area of the body is not uniformed but diverse which could be understood as the period that the problems on the fit of the clothes occur extensively. Therefore, in this study, the somatotype of the middle school girls are intended to be categorized for the highly applicable clothes design. For this, the 3 middle schools in Jeonju were selected for anthropometric measurement of 324 middle schools. The items of measurement are related to the somatotype of middle school girls, clothes design which is consisted of total of 50 items. For the basic data of clothes was judged that the classification of somatotype related to the tops and bottoms would be rational; hence, it is classified into the upper part and lower part of the body to extract the body shape consistent factor. As a result of analyzing the factors, the upper body consistent was extracted as the 4 items: upper body circumference, upper body length, breast growth and arm length. It was displayed as 75.26% explicability. The lower body consistent factors are extracted as lower body height, lower body circumference, hip length, and rear shape with 78.62% explicability. To classify the somatotype of upper body and lower body, each factor score is made into the independent viable for group analysis. As a result, the upper body was classified into the 'upper body with small breast and long' and 'upper body with big breast'. The lower body was categorized as 'lower body with long hip length' and 'standard lower body'.

Recently, the desire for low body weight, which is an abnormal weight construct along with obesity, has become an evident and serious problem in teenagers. In Korea, the desire for low weight is not perceived as an important problem, but it is rapidly expanding relative to the physical changes and developmental issues teenagers experience. The social atmosphere presented through mass media is the key influencer for the increasing low weight occurrence in teenagers. Because thoughts about beauty have changed among people, and since there is apparent blind interest in slim body shape and appearance, already low-weight individuals are attempting to lose weight along with obese persons. Thus, we consider it necessary to guide teenagers toward having correct perceptions with regard to weight and their own body shape, and that a healthy and appropriate weight is beautiful. Therefore, for this study, we investigated body perception, abnormal weight, attitude toward weight control, and factors related to eating behavior among teenage girls, who are considered the at risk group for overt body weight control behavior. Based on this, we have attempted to set in motion a systematic and active nutrition education program that will allow us to increase body satisfaction by educating on nutritional issues related to development, and ultimately, implant healthy body shape perceptions.

If we may practice the nutrition education planned on the basis which carefully grasped the inappropriate behavioral determinants of middle-school students, it might be an effective method achieving the change in perception and behavior improving the distorted perception about the ideal body shape, so we are to suggest the 8 week program of body shape perception improvement for successful nutrition education as follows. The body shape perception improvement program is a step-by-step group consulting program. At the introduction stage, we let them understand the meaning of true beauty and body change of teenage period and forming of sexual identity. At the stage of perception conversion, we let them have the opportunity to observe the status of body perception of the teenager and self-observation. At the stage of correction, we let them criticize the distorted body image in the society with mass media at the same time with the self-reflection. At the stage of maintenance and evaluation, we suggested the behavior guidance while preparing it. Setting this as the basis, we applied the contents such as the evaluations through cultural sharing events making somethings while directly participating. As the target groups to practice education were middle school students, we considered the learning level and behavioral features of the middle school students, and composed the programs including the methods such as role play, watching real things, media production, discussions and experiences. If the program of body shape perception improvement developed at this study could be utilized at the field of schools, the teenagers can change their ways of thought naturally avoiding the view about unified appearance rightly perceiving negative self-image that the teenagers can have and if the group consulting can be practiced regularly at each school, many students may experience the change in perception, so it might solicit the improvement of health of the families and local societies as well as that of the individual student.

This study was carried out to compare the dietary behaviors and the nutrient intake of a middle school and a high school girls in Iksan. The subjects consisted of 132 middle school girls and 122 high school girls in Iksan. The proportion of subjects eating meals irregularly was higher in the high school girls (98.6%) than in the middle school girls(78.7%). The proportion of subjects skipping a meal also was higher in the high school girls(61.5%) than in the middle school girls(53.8%) and most of them (65.8%) skipped breakfast though they thought breakfast was the most important meal of a day (87.4%). The subjects tended to overeat at lunch (38.6%), and at dinner (55.9%). The main reasons of skipping a meal were 1. They had no time (49.3%), and 2. They had poor appetite (24.7%) Mean daily energy intake was 2198.5Kcal in the middle school girls and 2150.5Kcal in the high school girls and mean daily intake of protein, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and niacin was significantly higher (p〈0.05, p〈0.01) in the middle school girls than in the high school girls. Mean daily calcium, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin A and C intake of middle school girls were lower than those of RDA and all nutrients intake of high school girls except for phosphorus was lower than those of RDA. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) was under 1.0 for calcium, iron, vitamin A, B1 and C. Mean blood level of cholesterol, triglyceride, Hb, Hct, GOT, GPT were 170.9mg/dl, 78.9mg/dl, 13.1g/dl, 39.5%, 18.8mg/d and 15.7mg/dl, respectively.

본 연구는 정원활동 프로그램이 여중생의 자아존중감과 환경에 대한 태도 및 인식에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 학교 스트레스의 경우 정원활동 프로그램 실시 후 실험군은 평균 79.6점에서 사후 평균 73.5점으로 6.1점 감소하였고 통계적으로도 유의한 차이(t=-3,516 p=0.007)를 보였으며, 자아존중감의 경우 실험군은 사전 평균 30.7점에서 사후 평균 32.9점으로 2.2점 증가하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이(t=-3.161, p=0.012)가 있었다. 또한 환경에 대한 태도 검사에서 실험군은 사전 평균 63.6점에서 사후평균 69.1점으로 5.5점 증가하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이(t=-3.685, p=0.005)가 있었으며, 환경에 대한 인식 검사에서 실험군은 사전 평균 18.7점에서 사후 평균 23.8점으로 5.1점 증가하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이(t=-4.915, p=0.001)를 보였다. 따라서 여중생의 정원활동 프로그램은 학생들의 학교스트레스 감소, 자아존중감 향상과 환경에 대한 태도 및 인식을 증가시키는 매우 유익한 프로그램임이 확인되었다.