세계적인 환경 규제로 인해 마그네슘 합금과 같은 경량 소재에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있으며, 마그네슘 합금 소재의 다양한 산업계 적용을 위한 용접 및 접합 방식에 대한 연구도 지속적으로 수행되고 있다. 앞선 Part I 연구에서는 마그네슘 합금에 대한 파이버 레이저 Bead on Plate(BOP) 실험을 수행하여 맞대기 용접 조건의 확보를 위한 기초 연구를 수행하였으며, 본 연구에서는 Part I의 기초 BOP 실험에서 도출된 적합한 레이저 출력과 용접 속도를 바탕으로 두께 3mm의 AZ31B 마그네슘 합금에 대해 맞대기 용접을 시행하였고, 인장시험 및 경도시험을 수행한 후 기계 물성 데이터를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 레이저 출력 2.0 kW, 50 mm/s (Heat input)의 조건에서 항복강도 151.5 MPa, 인장강도 224.1 Mpa으로 우수한 인장, 항복강도를 얻을 수 있었다.

Aluminum material, which has excellent corrosion resistance, durability, and light weight, is widely used in the field of shipbuilding, and welding is an essential technology in shipbuilding. currently, welding is efficiently used to assemble structures of various sizes in the shipbuilding process, but aluminum is a very sensitive material at high temperatures and in a molten state, so appropriate process control is essential. research on aluminum welding has been continuously conducted, but most of the research is on the butt welding method. therefore, in this study fillet welding experiments, which are essentially applied to the internal structure of aluminum ships, were performed and the correlation between welding beads and process variables was identified. for the welding experiment GMA fillet welding was performed on Al5083 material used in the shipbuilding industry, and the influence of the process variable was confirmed by analyzing the correlation through the analysis of the etched fillet weld bead cross section for the test result according to the process variable.

Demand for research on the use of hydrogen, an eco-friendly fuel, is rapidly increasing in accordance with global environmental problems and IMO environmental regulations in the shipbuilding and marine industry. In the case of hydrogen, similar to liquefied natural gas, it has a characteristic that its volume decreases hundreds of times during phase transformation from gas to liquid, so it must be stored in a tank in the form of liquefied hydrogen for transport efficiency. The material of the liquid hydrogen tank is selected in consideration of mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement at cryogenic temperatures. In this study, welding research was conducted on STS316L material, which was most commonly used in the space industry. In this study, flux cored arc welding was performed under 4 welding conditions to derive the optimal welding conditions for STS316L material, and then mechanical properties of the welded part were compared and analyzed.

Stainless steel is used in many industrial fields due to its excellent properties such as workability, strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance, and various properties required in the manufacturing field depending on the constituent components. pump impellers used in seawater and underwater require high corrosion resistance and high rigidity to prevent corrosion and damage, so they are a representative part group to which Stainless materials are applied. Through the introduction of the CMT(Cold Metal Transfer) process, a manufacturing method through WAAM(Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) technology, which has advantages of lower production cost and excellent fatigue strength compared to the existing casting method, is being proposed. Recently, prior research on the WAAM process has been conducted on various materials, but most of the research results published so far are focused on the DED(Direct Energy Deposition) process, and a good WAAM shape design study using austenitic stainless steel is lacking. in this study, using the CMT process, the relationship between the change in bead shape and process parameters was confirmed in the BoP(Bead on Plate) welding experiment using wire made of austenitic stainless steel STS-308.

Welding is a representative processing technology applied in many industrial sites due to its quality and convenience. In particular, fiber laser welding can be welded at a faster speed compared to arc welding, and there is an advantage in welding distortion, which is the most significant disadvantage of welding. In this study, the weldable thickness was predicted, and the optimal welding angle was estimated using simulations during the welding of the T-shape structure. The multi-layer heat source model proposed in the previous author's study was used, and the study was conducted using the proposed welding heat source under specific conditions of 4kw and 1.0m/min. As a result, it was predicted that high-quality welding would be possible when the thickness was 3mm or 4mm, and it was also confirmed that welding should be performed at an angle of 82.5° or more when welding a 3mm thick structure. As a follow-up study, we plan to build a welding heat source model under various conditions and conduct a study to derive welding conditions at various thicknesses.

The penetration depth, bead height, width, and internal porosity were analyzed to select the perfect penetration conditions for the STS316L tube material with an outer diameter of 38.1mm and a thickness of 3.4 mm. The welding conditions to secure a penetration depth of 3.4mm or more were selected. In addition, a welding range in which underfill does not occur was selected. The range of the selected conditions is the condition of a welding speed of 0.75 to 1.25m/min with an output of 2.0kW. The selected welding conditions were applied to STS316L tube orbital welding, and as a result of cross-sectional inspection after welding, a welded part of less than 4% of complete penetration and porosity was secured. The strength of the weld was measured to be more than 800kgf, and the hardness of the weld was found to decrease compared to the base material. The decrease in the hardness of the weld is judged by the annealing effect of the heat treated base material.

Natural gas is the most realistic fuel among eco-friendly fuels. Natural gas production is limited, and in Korea, it is supplied and utilized in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG). In the case of LNG, the vaporization point is 163 degrees below zero, so ordinary metal cannot be used due to its brittleness. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) defines metals that can be used in the IGC Code, and is used for storage containers, transportation containers, etc. based on the metals. Welding is essential in the manufacture of large structures such as LNG storage tanks. In this study, weldability studies related to cryogenic materials were conducted. In Part I of this study, high-manganese steel and part II were studied for two types of stainless steel (STS304L, STS316L), and in Part III, aluminum (AL5083). During laser welding, the shape of the Bead on Plate (BOP) was analyzed, and a total of nine cases were analyzed using laser power and welding speed as variables. It was confirmed that the penetration and the width of the welding width were linearly proportional to the amount of heat input. Based on this study, it is possible to conduct a follow-up study to find the optimal welding conditions for butt welding and fillet welding.

As the part of efforts to respond to the environmental pollution, the demand for clean energy is increasing. Natural gas is one of the most realistic alternatives, and interest in the storage and transportation containers to utilize the natural gas is growing. The production area of ​​natural gas is limited, and in Korea, it is imported in the form of liquefied natural gas. LNG is a cryogenic state with a vaporization point of -163°C, so the ordinary metal cannot be used due to its brittleness. The international maritime organization (IMO) defines the metals that can handle LNG in the IGC Code, and the research is ongoing. This study was a preliminary study to check the weldability of related metals and confirmed the shape of bead on plate (BOP) during the laser welding for each material. In part I, a study was conducted on the high manganese steel, and in part II, a study was conducted on the materials of STS304L and STS316L among the stainless steel. Based on this study, it can be used as an optimal welding condition for the butt and fillet welding.

As demand for eco-friendly energy increases, demand for natural gas and Liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage technologies continues to increase. LNG is a cryogenic environment with a temperature of -163°C, so ordinary metals cannot be used due to brittleness. Accordingly, IGC Code designates the cryogenic materials such as Invar, STS304L, Al5083-0, and High Manganese Steel. For fabricating those materials, research on welding possibility is the most important. Thus this study focused on the possibility of laser welding of the cryogenic materials. The weldability of High Manganese Steel was researched in this paper, the shape and the dimensions of the beads after bead on plate (BOP) welding were observed. The experiment was conducted on a total of 25 cases with laser power and welding speed of 5 cases each, and the width, height, and penetration of the beads were confirmed. It was confirmed that the paramenter of bead increased linearly with the laser power, and the paramenters of bead increased linearly with decreasing welding speed. Based on this study, high manganese steel can be applied in various industries by applying it to butt welding.

Laser welding is high power density welding process which is higher speed and productivity, lower thermal deformation. Recently, zinc coated sheet metal is used for many industrial due to the high corrosion resistance. This study explained that it used DOE(Design of experiment) and mathematical statistics method to optimize the conditions of high power laser welding process for zinc coated sheet metal. Finally, optimal condition for laser welding is selected for zinc coated sheet metal by alteration of welding joint width and gap.

Energy resistance welding (ERW) is a pipe-producing process that has high productivity and low manufacturing cost. However, the high heat input of ERW degrades the mechanical property of the pipe. This study investigates the effect of heat input and alloying elements on microstructure and mechanical properties of ERW pipes. As the heat input increased, the ferrite amount increased. The ferrite amount in the weld centerline was larger than t at in the weld boundary. Medium carbon steels (S45C and K55) having 0.3~0.4wt.% carbon yielded a significant difference of ferrite amount in the weld centerline and weld boundary. High alloyed steels (DP780 and K55) having 1.5~1.6wt.% Mn showed a ferrite rich zone in the weld centerline. These phenomena are probably due to decarburization and demanganisation in the weld centerline. As the ferrite fraction increased, the hardness decreased a little for the S45C steels. In addition, DP780 steels and K55 steels showed that the hardness drops when those steels have a ferrite rich zone. But we demonstrated the good tensile property of the DP780 steels and K55 steels in which Mn is included.