In existing ceramic mold manufacturing processes, inorganic binder systems (Si-Na, two-component system) are applied to ensure the effective firing strength of the ceramic mold and core. These inorganic binder systems makes it possible to manufacture a ceramic mold and core with high dimensional stability and effective strength. However, as in general sand casting processes, when molten metal is injected at room temperature, there is a limit to the production of thin or complex castings due to reduced fluidity caused by the rapid cooling of the molten metal. In addition, because sodium silicate generated through the vitrification reaction of the inorganic binder is converted into a liquid phase at a temperature of 1,000 °C. or higher, it is somewhat difficult to manufacture parts through high-temperature casting. Therefore, in this study, a high-strength ceramic mold and core test piece with effective strength at high temperature was produced by applying a Si-Na-Ti three-component inorganic binder. The starting particles were coated with binary and ternary inorganic binders and mixed with an organic binder to prepare a molded body, and then heat-treated at 1,000/1,350/1,500 °C to prepare a fired body. In the sample where the two-component inorganic binder was applied, the glass was liquefied at a temperature of 1,000 °C or higher, and the strength decreased. However, the firing strength of the ceramic mold sample containing the three-component inorganic binder was improved, and it was confirmed that it was possible to manufacture a ceramic mold and core via high temperature casting.
PURPOSES : In this paper, the measurement criteria was determined by assessing the factors influencing the measurement of bending resonance frequency which is not specified in KS F 2437. METHODS : The durability evaluation analysis of concrete beam specimens was performed immediately after freezing and thawing processes. It is primarily aiming at improving the repeatability and reproducibility of measurement results by providing measurement criteria for various measurement factors that can occur during the collection of resonance frequency data. An independent concrete durability test (KS F 2456) was executed with the proposed measurement protocol for evaluation.
RESULTS : A measurement protocol was proposed to determine the transverse resonance frequency of concrete beam specimens.
CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the proposed measurement protocol may be used for the concrete durability test; where the resonance frequency could be stably collected.
본 연구의 대상은 도로 폭이 좁은 시가지에서 굴착공사 시 적용되는 장지간 주형의 연결부이다. 일반적으로 적용되고 있는 연결부에서 상부 플랜지의 단차와 피로균열 등의 문제로 연결부의 신뢰도가 저하된다. 연결부의 결함을 보완하고 안전성을 향상시킨 개선형 연결부를 개발하였다. 유한요소 기반의 상용프로그램(ABAQUS)를 이용하여 개선형 연결부의 거동을 평가하였다. 먼저, 개선형 연결부에 적용되는 고장력 볼트 연결 및 강재와 콘크리트의 합성거동을 구현하기 위한 수치해석 방법을 제안하였다. 비교논문의 실험결과와 수치해석 결과의 비교를 통하여 개선형 연결부를 해석하는데 있어 수치해석 방법의 적합성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 제 안하는 수치해석 방법을 적용하여 개선형 연결부와 일반형 연결부가 적용된 장지간 주형을 해석하였다. 장지간 주형의 탄소성 거동과 연결부의 응력분포를 수치 해석적으로 비교분석하였다. 개선형 연결부의 도입으로 25%의 압축응력이 감소되며 구조적 성능 개선 효과 및 안전성을 확인하였다.
Macro-porous carbon foams are fabricated using cured spherical phenolic resin particles as a matrix and furfuryl alcohol as a binder through a simple casting molding. Different sizes of the phenolic resin particles from 100– 450 μm are used to control the pore size and structure. Ethylene glycol is additionally added as a pore-forming agent and oxalic acid is used as an initiator for polymerization of furfuryl alcohol. The polymerization is performed in two steps; at 80oC and 200oC in an ambient atmosphere. The carbonization of the cured body is performed under Nitrogen gas flow (0.8 L/min) at 800oC for 1 h. Shrinkage rate and residual carbon content are measured by size and weight change after carbonization. The pore structures are observed by both electron and optical microscope and compared with the porosity results achieved by the Archimedes method. The porosity is similar regardless of the size of the phenolic resin particles. On the other hand, the pore size increases in proportion to the phenol resin size, which indicates that the pore structure can be controlled by changing the raw material particle size.
Porous graphites were synthesized by removing the template in HF after cabothermal conversion for 3 h at 900 ℃, accompanied by intercalations of pyrolyzed fuel oil (PFO) in the interlayer of Co or Ni loaded magadiite. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the porous graphites exhibited 00l reflections corresponding to a basal spacing of 0.7 nm. The particle morphology of the porous graphites was composed of carbon plates intergrown to form spherical nodules resembling rosettes like a magadiite template. TEM shows that the cross section of the porous graphites is composed of layers with very regular spaces. In particular, crystallization of the porous graphite was dependent on the content of Co or Ni loaded in the interlayer. The porous graphite had a surface area of 328-477 m2/g. This indicates that metals such as Co and Ni act as catalysts that accelerate graphite formation.
Gd2O3:Eu3+ red phosphors were prepared by template method from crystalline cellulose impregnated by metal salt. The crystallite size and photoluminescence(PL) property of Gd2O3:Eu3+ red phosphors were controlled by varying the calcination temperature and Eu3+ mol ratio. The nano dispersion of Gd2O3:Eu3+ was also conducted with a bead mill wet process. Dependent on the time of bead milling, Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanosol of around 100 nm (median particle size : D50) was produced. As the bead milling process proceeded, the luminescent efficiency decreased due to the low crystallinity of the Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles. In spite of the low PL property of Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanosol, it was observed that the photoluminescent property was recovered after re-calcination. In addition, in the dispersed nanosol treated at 85 oC, a self assembly phenomenon between particles appeared, and the particles changed from spherical to rod-shaped. These results indicate that particle growth occurs due to mutual assembly of Gd(OH)3 particles, which is the hydration of Gd2O3 particles, in aqueous solvent at 85 oC.
The purpose of this research isto make improve productivity through process improvement without expensive capital investment in a small scale mold manufacturer. The target company which is selling sand mold casting products employs many foreigners, and 50% of factory workers worked by the periphery of a specific manufacturing sector were difficult to communicate smoothly on site. Also, the company has the customized production method which production and delivery time are constant each month. However, the company's situation is getting harder since the order volume of existing suppliers has decreased and profit has reduced. So, we decided that the company needs new customers and overseas markets in the long run but to improve the process without facility investment in the short term is important task. We improved the process, created the standard of work for foreign workers, and improved the working environment by eliminating the on-site risk factors that the staff could not perceive. The results were as follows. The productivity has improved by 1.5 times. Training by work standards has shortened the OJT time of new workers and efficient working methods have become standard. Improvement of the work environment has improved the job satisfaction of workers and enabled long-term service of workers in the mold industry where labor shortage is serious.
본 연구에서는 고순도의 모데나이트(Mordenite) 입자를 합성하기 위하여 천연 제올라이트를 시드로 사용하여 시 드의 농도 및 수열합성 시간에 따른 천연 제올라이트 시드가 합성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 시드가 입자의 형성 에 큰 영향을 끼치는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 시드를 3 g/100 g batch 주입하여 140°C에서 72시간 동안 수열합성을 진행하였 을 때 1-2 μm 사이즈의 고순도 모데나이트 입자를 합성할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 모데나이트 입자의 성장 기구를 규명할 수 있었으며, 모데나이트 입자 형성에 있어 시드는 첫째, 구형 모데나이트 전구체 형성 자리 공급의 역할과, 둘째 모데나이트 원 료 물질 소스 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 합성된 모데나이트 입자의 가스 흡착량 분석 결과 CO2 기체의 흡착량이 97.19 mg/g로 다른 가스들에 비해 비교적 높은 흡착성능을 보였으며, CO2/H2의 선택도가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라 서 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 용도에 맞는 고순도 상의 모데나이트 입자를 합성할 수 있음을 확인하였고 보다 낮은 가격으로 우수한 분리성능을 갖는 분리막 소재개발에 활용할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.
본 연구에서는 고순도의 모데나이트 입자를 합성하기 위하여 천연 제올라이트를 시드로 사용하여 시드 농도 및 수열합성 시간에 따라 시드가 미치는 영향 을 고찰하였다. 시드를 3 g/100g batch 주입하여 140°C에서 72시간 동안 수열 합성 하였을 때 1-2 μm 사이즈의 고순도 모데나이트 입자를 안정적으로 합성할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 천연 제올라이트 시드는 모데나이트 입자의 성장에서 구형 모데나이트 전구체 형성 자리를 공급하고 모데나이트 원료 물질 소스 역 할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 용도에 맞는 고순도 의 모데나이트 입자를 합성할 수 있음을 확인하였고 천연제올라이트를 사용함으로써 낮은 가격으로 우수한 성능을 갖는 소재개발에 활용할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.
Vertically oriented nickel nanowire arrays with a different diameter and length are synthesized in porous anodic aluminium oxide templates by an electrodeposition method. The pore diameters of the templates are adjusted by controlling the anodization conditions and then they are utilized as templates to grow nickel nanowire arrays. The nickel nanowires have the average diameters of approximately 25 and 260 nm and the crystal structure, morphology and microstructure of the nanowires are systematically investigated using XRD, FE-SEM and TEM analysis. The nickel nanowire arrays show a magnetic anisotropy with the easy axis parallel to the nanowires and the coercivity and remanence enhance with decreasing a wire diameter and increasing a wire length.
Partially earth anchored (PEA) can improve the structural safety and economic feasibility of multiple span cable stayed bridge (CSB). The PEA-CSB can restrain axial compressive load acting on a tower and reduce the global buckling length of a stiffened girder. For these reasons, structural members subject to axial forces can be effectively utilized and material quantity required for a steel deck can be reduced to save construction cost. In this study, the PEA system was verified for its application on a multiple span CSB. The CSB is a four-tower multi-span bridge which has a main span length of 500 m. As high tensile stress was generated at the top of the bridge decks at the mid-span between two main columns, a hybrid deck system for enhancing the bridge deck sections was proposed. While the composite sections made of concrete and steel were used near to the main columns, steel sections were used at the mid-span between two main columns.
Single crystalline Cu nanowires with controlled diameters and aspect ratios have been synthesized using electrochemical deposition within confined nanochannels of a porous anodic aluminium oxide(AAO) template. The diameters of nano-sized cylindrical pores in AAO template were adjusted by controlling the anodization conditions. Cu nanowires with diameters of approximately 38, 99, 274 nm were synthesized by the electrodeposition using the AAO templates. The crystal structure, morphology and microstructure of the Cu nanowires were systematically investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and SAED. Investigation results revealed that the Cu nanowires had the controlled diameter, high aspect ratio and single crystalline nature.
합성형 사교는 비합성형 사교에 비해 역학적 측면에서 큰 장점을 지니고 있는 것이 사실이지만 사각이 심한 사교들의 경우 합성형 사교에 매우 큰 상판응력이 유발될 가능성이 있어 종종 이들 사교들에 대한 비합성형 설계가 검토되어지곤 한다. 본 연구에서는 동적해석이 가능한 비합성형 사교의 해석모델을 제안하고 이 해석모델들을 이용하여 사교들에 대한 비합성형의 적용 타당성을 검토하였다. 또한 주형과 상판과의 세 가지 상호작용(합성작용, 부분합성작용, 비합성작용)이 단순 판형사교들의 동적특성과 동적거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 주형간격, 사각, 상판 종횡비를 매개변수로 총 27개의 판형 사교들에 대한 일련의 연구를 수행하였다. 상판과 주형 경계면에서의 미끄러짐은 고유진동주기가 길어지는 현상을 유발하여 사교의 교축직각방향에 작용하는 전체밑면전단력의 크기를 감소시킬 수도 있지만 모드형장과 강성분포에 큰 영향을 미쳐 바람직하지 않은 사교 거동을 유발할 수도 있다. 부분합성작용의 최소 규정에 따라 설치된 전단연결재는 주형응력과 상판응력을 감소시키는 효과가 있다. 즉, 몇몇 사교의 경우를 제외하고는 전반적으로 부분합성형으로부터 구한 주형응력과 상판응력의 크기는 합성형 사교로부터 구한 관련 응력들의 크기와 유사하거나 약간 크게 나타난다.