본 연구는 한국과 중국 간호대학생의 문화적 역량을 평가 및 비교하고 문화적 역량과 관련된 일반적 특성을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 자 기주도형 설문조사에는 간호학과 3, 4학년생 총 180명(한국 간호대학생 82명, 중국 간호대학생 98명)이 참여하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 24.0 프 로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, 독립표본 t-검정, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였 다. 전반적인 문화적 역량 정도는 두 나라 간호대학생 사이에 유의한 차 이가 없었다. 문화적 인식과 문화적 감수성은 중국 간호대학생들보다 한 국 간호대학생들이 유의하게 높았다. 문화적 지식과 경험은 한국 간호대 학생보다 중국 간호대학생이 유의하게 높았다. 한국 간호대학생의 문화 적 감수성은 외국어 회화 능력 및 다문화 교육 경험과 관련이 있었다. 문화적 능력은 여학생 및 외국어 회화 능력과 관련이 있었다. 중국 간호 대학생의 문화적 지식은 여학생 및 4학년과 관련이 있었다. 간호대학생 의 문화적 역량을 향상시키기 위해서는 다문화와 관련된 이론과 임상실 습을 포함한 교육과정이 필요하며, 다문화 관련 지역사회 자원의 활용이 중요하다.

이 연구는 한일 양국 간 대학생이 서로의 문화에 대해서 어떤 계기로 관심을 갖게 되었는지, 어떠한 문화에 관심이 있는지에 대한 실태를 파 악하고자 하였다. 그 결과는 다음 세 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 한국대학생 의 일본·일본문화에 대한 관심도는 상당히 높은 것으로 나타났다. 일본문 화에 처음 관심을 갖게 된 계기와 시기로는 초등학교, 중학교 때 접한 학생들이 많았으며, 주로 애니메이션을 통해서 접하였다. 고등학교 이후 에 관심을 갖게 된 학생은 학교에서의 일본어 수업이나 유튜브를 통한 일본 음식, 일본 여행을 통해서 관심을 갖게 되었다. 둘째, 국가 차원에 서의 한일관계는 현재는 부정적으로 생각하고 있으나, 미래에는 좋아질 것으로 판단하고 있다. 한일관계가 나쁜 원인으로 역사문제와 정치문제 에 기인하며, 이를 정치인들이 악용하여 해결보다는 갈등을 조장하고 있 으며, 한일관계가 좋아지기 위해서는 서로 간의 교류를 늘려서 원활한 대화가 필요하다고 생각하고 있다. 셋째, 민간 차원에서의 국가이미지와 한일관계는 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 한일 간의 관계가 악화되더라도 국가 간의 관계와 민간차원과의 관계는 별개로 보고 있다.

모국어와 한국어를 번역하는 능력은 한국어 전공 외국인 학습자들에게 요구되는 핵심 역량이지만 지금까 지 다소 소홀하게 다루어진 경향이 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 외국인 학습자 대상 번역 수업의 내실을 기한다 는 목적에 따라 한국현대시 번역 활동의 한국어 교육적 의미를 확인하고 베트남 대학생의 번역 능력 향상을 위한 교육적 시사점을 도출한다. 번역이란 원문의 의미와 가치에 대한 폭넓은 ‘이해’를 바탕으로 번역문을 ‘집필’하는 작업으로 진행된다. 하지만 이 연구는 논의를 명확하게 하기 위하여 원문 텍스트의 이해가 번역 결과물에 주는 영향력을 확인하고 학습자가 정확하게 번역하게 도울 원문 이해 교육 내용을 도출하는 데에 초점을 맞추었다. 이 연구에서 제시한 시사점은 베트남인 학습자 80명이 <사평역에서>(곽 재구, 1983) 번역한 결과를 분석 고찰한 결과인바, 향후 대학에서 외국인 학습자 대상의 한국어 번역 강의 를 개설할 때 실질적으로 도움이 될 수업 내용을 안내할 것으로 기대한다.

This paper investigates Korean EFL students’ learning (de)motivation factors according to the level of students’ English learning motivation. A total of 41 undergraduate students reflected on their past ten years of English learning experiences and submitted autobiographic essays with ‘motigraph,’ marking their annual changes of English learning motivation from 0 to 10. The data were analyzed with Grounded Theory. The findings revealed that the factors that increased or decreased English learning motivation were different according to students’ level of motivation. Students with low-level motivation were influenced by their teacher or parents, while those with high-level motivation were influenced by their past L2 learning experiences perceived positively by themselves. In both groups, the factors of emotional experiences caused by negative L2 learning experiences were the main reasons for demotivation. This paper emphasizes the importance of subjective appraisal in maintaining students’ L2 learning motivation and recovering from the state of demotivation.

이 글의 목적은 부마항쟁을 사례로 하여 항쟁의 축을 도시하층민에 둔 기존 연구시각에 대한 반론으로 한국 민주화운동과정에서 대학생의 역할을 고찰하는 데 있다. 연구 방법으로는 유신체제의 모순에 대한 반 (反)으로서의 부마항쟁 발생과 10·26사건으로 귀결을 원심력(권력)과 구심력(민심)의 충돌적 현상으로 해석했다. 한편 이 글은 부마항쟁, 특 히 부산항쟁과 마산항쟁이 지역적으로 행위자들이 다르기 때문에 대학 생의 역할을 분석하는데 있어 항쟁 당시의 행태와 항쟁 이후 행태에 대해서도 비교분석할 필요성을 가진다. 이 연구결과 부마항쟁은 부산과 마산이 닮은 꼴의 시위형태를 보여주었다. 특히 부산대와 경남대 학생 들은 도심시위에 뚜렷한 조직체는 없었지만 자발적으로 시위의 방향과 장소 등을 잘 선택하며 해방공간을 만드는 등, 유신체제 붕괴에 도화선 의 역할을 하였다. 다만 경남대의 교내시위는 유신체제의 모순을 부각 시키지 못하고 경찰의 방어선인 교문에 갇히게 되면서 실패했다는 점 에서 부산대의 교내시위와 다른 양상을 보였다. 여하튼 부마항쟁은 유 신체제를 붕괴시키는 데 단초적 역할을 해냈으며, 그 과정에서 도시하 층민의 참여를 이끌어낸 대학생의 역할이 지대했다고 볼 수 있다.

본 연구는 1987년 6월 항쟁의 발생원인과 역사적 의미 그리고 6월 항 쟁에서 대학생의 역할을 분석하였다. 6월 항쟁은 한국정치에서 장기간 지속된 군부 권위주의 체제를 민주주의 체제로 이행하게 만든 역사적 사 건이며, 제도적 민주주의를 정착시켰다. 이러한 6월 항쟁은 국민운동본부 의 주도로 시작된 비폭력 항쟁이었으며, 시민들이 자발적으로 시민혁명 에 동참하였다. 그리고 시민의식과 덕성을 갖춘 근대적 시민이 출현했고, 학생과 시민들뿐만 아니라 ‘넥타이 부대’라는 새로운 집단이 등장하였다. 무엇보다도 아래로부터 형성된 자발적 시민대회가 전국으로 확대되었고, 권위주의체제 내에서 절차적 민주주의의 실현을 가져왔다. 특히 6월 항 쟁뿐만 아니라 민주화 운동에 있어 대학생은 핵심적인 주체였다. 또한 지방의 대학생들은 1980년대 민주화 운동의 가장 주요한 세력이었고 비 폭력을 주장하고 실천하려고 지성인이었다. 따라서 대학생들은 1987년 6 월 항쟁 이야기를 기록하고, 계승·발전시켜야 한다.

이 연구의 목적은 5･18 당시의 상황을 복기하면서 광주민주화운동의 요인, 기독교와 민주화운동의 관계, 5･18 광주민주화운동 전후 대학생의 역할 등에 대하여 새로운 관점에서 고찰하는 데 있다. 5･18 광주민주화 운동에 관한 기존연구들은 사회학적 측면, 정치학적 관점, 역사학적 관 점, 혹은 구술채록이나 증언 등 스토리텔링에 의존하는 경향이 강하다. 본 연구는 당시 생산된 사료를 통해 광주민주화운동 과정에서 대학생의 역할에 관해 주목하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 운동의 요인적 측면에서 1979년 10월 26일 이후 군부 내 ‘12·12 군사쿠데타’가 전국대 학생들의 시위를 촉발시킨 것으로 보인다. 둘째, ‘5·17 비상조치’를 통한 비상계엄령 확대, 정치활동 금지, 민주인사의 체포 및 투옥, 대학 휴교령 이 5·18의 발단을 제공한 것으로 생각된다. 셋째, 5·18 광주민주화운동 과 대학생들의 역할은 시민수습대책위원회, 시민항쟁의 직접 지원 활동 과 적극적인 참여, 광주민주항쟁의 진상 전달 및 국제적 확산 노력 등이 었다. 넷째, 대학생들은 민주화운동 과정에서 결의문 낭독, 반정부집회와 시위, 삐라살포와 전 세계인을 향해 광주의 진상을 확산하기 위해 노력 했다. 향후 연구에서는 대학교수들의 5·18 광주민주화운동 과정에서 사 회적 참여를 살펴볼 필요가 있다.

한국의 대표적인 민주화운동은 4.19혁명과 부마항쟁, 5.18광주민주화 운동과 6월 항쟁이라고 할 수 있다. 그 가운데 1960년 4.19혁명은 이승 만 장기집권과 제1공화국을 붕괴시켜 한국민주주의를 정착시키는데 선구 자적 역할을 하였다. 4.19혁명은 이승만 제1공화국을 무너뜨린 후 민주 당 장면 정권을 등장시켜 제2공화국을 출범하게 하였다. 하지만 제2공화 국은 민주당의 무능과 리더십 부재로 1961년 5.16 박정희 군사쿠데타세 력에 의해 권력을 찬탈당하면서 무너졌다. 2.28민주운동은 4.19혁명의 도화선이 되었고, 3.15부정선거는 4.19혁명의 기폭제로 작용하여 전국 고등학생들의 규탄과 반대시위가 확산되면서 대학생들이 1960년 4월 17 일~26일까지 제1공화국 붕괴와 민주화운동과정에서 주도적인 역할을 하 였다. 4.19정신은 부마항쟁과 5.18광주민주화운동, 1987년 6월 항쟁으로 계승되어져 왔다.

This study investigates the claim that task-induced involvement load has an effect on vocabulary learning and examines the effect of task types and word concreteness on intentional vocabulary learning in the Korean EFL context. This study aims at testing whether productive word-focused tasks lead to equally effective vocabulary learning when the total involvement load index is equal but the distribution of index levels of each component (need, search, and evaluation) is different. The three productive word-focused task types are gap-fillig, sentence writing, and gap-filling through word transformation. In addition, in order to investigate the effect of word concreteness on vocabulary learning, two groups of target words were selected based on the level of word concreteness. In sum, the results of this study generally supported involvement load hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijin, 2001) and test types and proficiency levels proved to be important variables that affect vocabulary learning. Moreover, the findings also indicated that word concreteness was not a major factor in vocabulary learning. The pedagogical implications and further suggestions are discussed.

This study was conducted to understand the type of use and satisfaction of delivery food by Chinese and Korean students. In December 2019, Korean and Chinese students living in Gyeonggi Province were analyzed using SPSS. The average number of food deliveries was 1~2 times a month and used 30.7% of the Korean students and 21.8% of the Chinese students. As for how to order food for delivery, 62.2% of Korean college students took up mobile apps, and 49.0% of Chinese students took up mobile phones. In terms of satisfaction after using delivery food, Korean students scored 3.89 points for taste and 3.74 points for using a neat and convenient packaging container, while Chinese students showed the highest score of 3.69 points for past eating experiences and 3.65 points for taste. As for the factors influencing the satisfaction after using the delivered food, the food quality satisfaction (β=0.518) for Korean students and favorable menu factor (β=0.533) for Chinese students were found. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to continuously improve the quality, service, convenience and diversity of delivered food, and health and safety factors in order to improve the delivery patterns and satisfaction of college students.

This study investigates the use of cohesive devices in the corpus of Korean college students’ compositions. In particular, it attempts to provide a comprehensive analysis of the lexico-grammatical contexts in which cohesive referential devices are employed in argumentative essays. For this purpose, a Korean EFL corpus and a native speaker corpus were analyzed based on Gray’s (2010) coding scheme. The coding scheme included variables such as the place and unit of the antecedent, the grammatical role and place of demonstratives, and their preceding or following structures. The results of the analysis showed that Korean EFL learners and native writers were similar in that they tended to use demonstrative pronouns as a subject and demonstrative determiners as objects/complements. Besides this general tendency, non-prototypical uses of the determiners were observed. The learners’ corpus manifested an overuse of an extended antecedent which could reduce the clarity of meaning. The most frequent verb following demonstrative pronouns was the copula (i.e., be) in both corpora. Finally, the learners tended to use a much smaller number of abstract/shell nouns than their native speaker counterparts.

The purpose of this study is to examine how cohesion features can be used to distinguish between essays written by Korean and NS college students. A total of 800 essays from the ICNALE (International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English) corpus were analyzed using the newly-developed automated analysis of cohesion program, TAACO (the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Cohesion). In order to examine whether there are statistically significant differences between NS and Korean students, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted. The multivariate test result showed that the combined cohesion indices were significantly affected by L1, indicating that Korean and NS students differed in terms of various cohesion indices. A stepwise discriminant function analysis was also carried out to characterize the nature of cohesion differences in essays between NS and Korean students. The best two predictors for distinguishing between Korean students’ essays and NS students’ essays are the overlap of function words and the use of demonstratives. Overall, NS students produced a more cohesive writing than Korean students in that they employed overlapping words, demonstratives, and lexical subordinators as a way to connect ideas across sentences. Implications of this study for English writing pedagogy are discussed.

This research investigated various aspects of language learning strategies used by undergraduate and graduate students studying Korean. The study focused on four language skills, pronunciation, and vocabulary. The survey was conducted on 322 participants, Korean learners both in Korea and in other countries. It examined the usage of learning strategies used by the learners including the following variables: gender, experiences of living in Korea, first languages, and the countries Korean was learned. The quantitative data from the survey were analyzed by univariate ANOVAs to find out which skill is significant among the variables and the findings are as follows: 1) The greatest frequency of learning strategies appeared in the order of listening, pronunciation, writing, speaking, vocabulary, and reading. Listening skill showed the most varied learning strategies. 2) The analysis of learning strategies according to the variables with respect to the language skills revealed that gender influenced listening, the experience of the target country influenced reading, and the first language influenced writing. Pedagogical implications and further research suggestions are discussed.

This paper presents a study on motivating and demotivating factors in learning Korean. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the learning motivation and demotivation of university students in Singapore taking Korean as unrestricted elective, and investigate what differences exist in the motivating and demotivating factors based on their Korean levels. Through the analysis of surveys on university students in Singapore, it was found that their major motivating factors were the travel orientation and the cultural interest. These motivating factors did not show any difference depending on the Korean levels. The major demotivating factors of Korean learners were the evaluation factor and the language factor. By interpreting open-ended responses, the competition factor was found as a demotivating factor. In addition, the competition factor and the language factor showed differences between the first level and the second level and above. This study suggests to motivate Korean learners by applying the major motivating factors to a class and weakening the major demotivating factors.

The purpose of this study is to investigate Korean college students’ syntactic development, especially the order of acquisition in terms of the types of the sentences and clauses written in English essays. Eighty-six Korean female college students in Seoul participated in this study. For research method, the students wrote English essays with the given topic through the test web site. The essays were scored on a scale of one to six., and then were divided into three proficiency groups. After that, the students’ essays were analyzed and counted by types of sentences/clauses and frequency: simple/compound/complex sentences and nominal/adverbial/adjective clauses. The findings revealed significant differences in the frequency of different types of clauses by students’ English levels. The results showed that the amount of sentences/clauses based on the level of English proficiency was quite different. In particular, significant differences were found in the use of the complex sentences and subordinate clauses by levels. In addition, the use of adjective (relative) clauses was prominent only in the advanced level. Teaching implications were discussed and future research suggestions were made at the end of the paper.

The purpose of this study was to survey the perception and preference for Korean food among Chinese students residing in Korea (Chinese foreign students, N=69) and China (Chinese-locals, N=98). A total of 76.8% of Chinese foreign students and 70.4% of Chinese-locals had ever eaten Korean food in China before visiting Korea, and motivation to try Korean food at first was ‘easy access to Korean food restaurants’ (Chinese foreign students 38.6%, Chinese-locals 44.9%). The most important factors in selecting Korean food were ‘taste’ and ‘price’ (Chinese foreign students 72.7% and 18.2%, Chineselocals 59.1% and 22.7%, respectively), and needed improvements for Korean food were ‘spicy and salty taste’ and ‘nutritional aspect’ (Chinese foreign students 54.5% and 25.8%, Chinese-locals 33.3% and 36.4%, p<0.05). The scores for perception of Korean food were significantly lower in Chinese-locals (2.99) than in Chinese foreign students (3.31)(p<0.001). Chinese foreign students preferred Bulgogi (20.5%), Neobiani (20.1%), and Galbijjim (17.9%), whereas Chinese-locals preferred Bulgogi (16.1%), Gimbap (16.1%), and Samgyetang (15.2%) (p<0.001). The most preferred condiment was ‘Garlic’ (18.0%) in Chinese foreign students, and ‘Red pepper powder’ (16.4%) in Chinese-locals. The results of the study can be used as a foundation to prepare a globalization strategy for Korean Food.

The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of background knowledge, time pressure, and involvement on reading comprehension. One hundred and twenty college students read three passages and answered comprehension questions in eight different experimental conditions: activated vs inactivated background knowledge, with vs without time pressure, and high vs low involvement. The results showed main effects of background knowledge and involvement on reading comprehension, indicating essential roles of background knowledge in facilitating the processes of reading comprehension in Korea’s EFL educational contexts. In addition, the study found an interaction effect of background knowledge and time pressure on reading comprehension. Pedagogical implications are suggested.

Lee, Jinsung. 2014. A Study of College Students' Malpractice in Korean Orthography: a Follow-up Study with a Special Emphasis on the Influence of Chatting Language. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(3). This study is a follow-up study of Lee's(2001) “A study of malpractice of orthography among Korean college students-with a special emphasis on the influence of chatting language”. Within the similar research framework, Some malpractice of orthography in current college students' essays were compared with those of Lee's. The aim of this study, therefore, is to find out how, in what aspects and extents, the influence of chatting language on formal written language has manifested different characteristics after a span of 13 years. Regardless of the drastically increased use of chatting language these days, most of its characterizing features were found to be significantly declined in current students' essays, compared with Lee's(2001). Expressions or vocabularies mainly suitable for spoken colloquial language, however, were observed to be adopted much more frequently and freely in formal written essays. This study additionally investigated the Korean orthography rules on separating words, which were not dealt in Lee's. Violations relating to separating words were found to be seriously grave, which can be considered as a direct negative influence of general writing practice of chatting language, where the rules are routinely ignored chiefly for the economy of space and time.

Paik, Kyungsook. 2014. “They make me feel guilty”: An analysis of some pragmatic effects of Korean college students’ e-mail messages in English about their grades. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(3). This study investigates some pragmatic effects of Korean college students’ e-mail letters about their grades sent to English speaking professors. The pragmatic effects of 51 naturally occurring e-mail messages were evaluated by 4 native professors of English from the U.S. and New Zealand. The results show that Korean students at their intermediate proficiency level in English were found to be not very successful in writing e-mails inquiring about their grades. Their inappropriate pragmatic behaviors include structural informality of the letters, illegitimate goal of the letters, rude or not specific enough requests, some irrelevant or inefficient supportive moves and casual languages and symbols. Based on the students’ pragmatic failures in their messages, some relevant pragmatic norms of the native English professors were identified first, which were then compared to some Australian students’ linguistic behaviors in the same speech event to elicit the common core of the pragmatic rules of native speakers of English. Some additional interviews with the native evaluators were also carried out to clarify their baseline norms regarding some controversial aspects of the messages and to acquire some ethnographic information about their relationship with the students as well as other off-line interactions and practices in their academic community. This study finally discusses some implications of the results from the perspectives of applied linguistics and intercultural rhetoric.

Park Hai-kyong & Jeon Ji-hyeon. 2014. Move analyses of English job application letters: A case of Korean college students. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(1). The purpose of this study is to examine the rhetorical structure of English job application letters written by Korean college students. College students were asked to write job application letters as an assignment for their Business English class. A move-analysis was conducted for the obtained college students' application letters. Then, the results were compared to the authentic application letters written by (1) Korean workers who obtained the interview and the job through their application letters and (2) native English-speakers who were in search of jobs in Korea. The results indicated that there were no consistent differences among the three group statistically. However, the authentic letters from the Korean and the English workers showed similar patterns in move sequence, frequency, and length, which was different from those written by the college students. The Korean college students seemed to use all the moves in their letters, whereas the other two groups seemed to focus more on promoting candidature(Move 5) for the communicative purpose of a job application letter. The present study suggests that an understanding of both the rhetorical patterns and the communicative purpose (i.e., to obtain an interview opportunity in the case of submitting a job application letter) should be emphasized in the genre writing process.