국제사회에서 국가 간의 정치, 경제, 문화 등 다양한 교류는 확대되고 있다. 방탄소년단의 세계적 인기로 K-culture는 지구촌 사회에서 하나의 문화 장르로 인식되고 있다. 이에 방탄소년단에 의한 K-culture의 확산 효과가 중국에서 어떻게 전개되고 있는지를 검토하였다. 첫째, 방탄소년 단은 중국에서 한국의 대중문화가 매력적인 것으로 인식시켜 중국의 젊 은 세대에게 한국에 대한 인지도와 호감도를 높이고, 한국 문화에 대한 접근성을 확대하였다. 둘째, 방탄소년단은 중국에서 한국의 브랜드와 문 화 제품의 인지도를 높여 한국 문화산업의 위상을 강화하도록 하였다. 셋째, 방탄소년단은 열정적인 중국 팬들을 기반으로 한국과 중국의 다양 한 문화 교류를 통해 두 국가의 우호 관계를 증진하였다. 중국에서 방탄 소년단으로 인한 K-culture의 확산 현상에 대한 논의는 중국에 대한 한 국의 문화정책 수립에 많은 시사점을 준다. 첫째, K-culture에 대한 인 력양성을 통해 한국 문화콘텐츠에 대한 선진화 및 차별화를 확보해 중국 내 한국 문화콘텐츠의 경쟁력을 강화한다. 둘째, K-culture는 중국에서 K-콘텐츠에 대한 접근을 쉽게 하여 다양한 분야에서 한국과 중국의 접 근을 유연하게 한다. 그렇지만 최근 한·중 관계가 경색된 상황에서 방탄 소년단 등을 비롯한 한국의 아티스트들은 장기적인 관점에서 양국 간의 교류와 협력에 커다란 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

We report the effect of Standard Clean-1 (SC-1) cleaning to remove residual Ti layers after silicidation to prevent Al diffusion into Si wafer for Ti Schottky barrier diodes (Ti-SBD). Regardless of SC-1 cleaning, the presence of oxygen atoms is confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile analysis between Al and Ti-silicide layers. Al atoms at the interface of Ti-silicide and Si wafer are detected, when the SC-1 cleaning is not conducted after rapid thermal annealing. On the other hand, Al atoms are not found at the interface of Ti-SBD after executing SC-1 cleaning. Al diffusion into the interface between Ti-silicide and Si wafer may be caused by thermal stress at the Ti-silicide layer. The difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of Ti and Ti-silicide gives rise to thermal stress at the interface during the Al layer deposition and sintering processes. Although a longer sintering time is conducted for Ti-SBD, the Al atoms do not diffuse into the surface of the Si wafer. Therefore, the removal of the Ti layer by the SC-1 cleaning can prevent Al diffusion for Ti-SBD.

This study investigates the enhancement of the oxygen diffusion rate in the cathode channel of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) by pure oscillating flow, which is the same as the mechanism of human breathe. Three-dimensional numerical simulation, which has the full model of the fuel cell including electrochemical reaction, ion and electronic conduction, mass transfer and thermal variation and so on, is performed to show the phenomena in the channel at the case of a steady state. This model could analysis the oscillating flow as a moving mesh calculation coupled with electrochemical reaction on the catalyst layer, however, it needs a lot of calculation time for each case. The two dimensional numerical simulation has carried on for the study of oscillating flow effect in the cathode channel of PEMFC in order to reduce the calculation time. This study shows the diffusion rate of the oxygen increased and the emission rate of the water vapor increased in the channel by oscillating flow without any forced flow.

The size of the market for SCM information systems have globally and steadily increased. And there are businesses that obtained innovative business performance by introducing SCM information systems. However, many businesses have still undergone trial and error in the process to introduce and operate SCM. As external factors including suppliers, customers, etc. and internal factors of businesses have been analyzed to be failure factors of executing SCM information systems, the businesses that try to introduce SCM information systems need to understand possible failure factors and establish the solutions. Therefore, this study tries to verify the diffusion of SCM information systems and effects on bullwhip effects. The study is expected to suggest empirical data that people will refer to the establishment of next counterstrategies according to the lapse of the period that systems are introduced based on theoretical bases related to the diffusion of SCM information systems.

We investigate the microstructural and magnetic property changes of DyH2, Cu + DyH2, and Al + DyH2 diffusion-treated NdFeB sintered magnets with the post annealing (PA) temperature. The coercivity of all the diffusiontreated magnets increases with increasing heat treatment temperature except at 910oC, where it decreases slightly. Moreover, at 880oC, the coercivity increases by 3.8 kOe in Cu and 4.7 kOe in Al-mixed DyH2-coated magnets, whereas this increase is relatively low (3.0 kOe) in the magnet coated with only DyH2. Both Cu and Al have an almost similar effect on the coercivity improvement, particularly over the heat treatment temperature range of 790-880oC. The diffusivity and diffusion depth of Dy increases in those magnets that are treated with Cu or Al-mixed DyH2, mainly because of the comparatively easy diffusion path provided by Cu and Al owing to their solubility in the Nd-rich grain boundary phase. The formation of a highly anisotropic (Nd, Dy)2Fe14B phase layer, which acts as the shell in the core-shell-type structure so as to prevent the reverse domain movement, is the cause of enhanced coercivity of diffusion-treated Nd-Fe-B magnets.

지난 1990년 '범죄와의 전쟁'이 선포된 이후 24년 만에 검찰이 다시 집중적인 조직폭력배 단속에 나서기로 한 바 있다. 이 중 마약사범은 마약경제의 주된 소비층으로 마약거래의 결정적인 요소로서 기능한다. 최근 마약중독사범들에게 끊임없는 마약 공급 외에도 청소년들에게까지 파고드는 등 마약류 범죄가 확산되고 있는 실정에 있다. 이러한 마약류 불법거래에 대한 공급차단정책은 마약사범을 줄이는데 중요한 부분이 된다. 마약범죄는 제조, 밀매, 투약 등의 유형으로 대별되는데 본 논문에서는 투약으로 인한 마약중독범죄에 관해 관련법규 등을 중심으로 그 대책을 강구하고자 하였다. 마약중독자의 형사처벌의 정당성과 아울러 치료중심의 대책도 병행할 필요가 있다. 이러한 점에서 비범죄화의 영역을 함께 검토하고자 하였다. 한편 마약류 불법수요의 차단정책은 마약류사범 퇴치 전략의 중요한 부분으로 관련법의 정비에 이어 전담부서의 확정이 시급한 부분이다. 중독사범에 대한 자연치유 능력의 강화를 위해서는 마약류 중독치료를 위한 국가기관의 확충은 물론 민간치료 시설의 건립에 많은 지원이 있어야 할 것이다.

In the present study, we systematically investigated the effect of Mn addition on nitrogenation behavior and magnetic properties of Sm-Fe powders produced by reduction-diffusion process. Alloy powders with only single phase were successfully produced by the reduction-diffusion process. The coercivity of powder rapidly increased during nitrogenation and reached the maximum of 637 Oe after 16 hours. After further nitrogenation, it decreased. In contrast, the coercivity of powder gradually increased during nitrogenation for 24 hours. The coercivity of powder was higher than that of powder at the same condition of nitrogenation. It was considered that the Mn addition facilitates the nitrogenation of powder and enhances the coercivity.

이 시험은 수직 사이로에 충진된 옥수수를 대상으로 M.B를 사용하여 자연중력하에서 소독할 때 M.B가스의 침투확산성 및 살충효과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 사이로 표층의 M.B가스 농도는 투약후 2시간후부터 100mg/l 이상에서 20mg/l 이하로 급격히 감소하였다. 2. 사이로 표층으로부터 3m 깊이 지점의 M.B가스 농도는 투약후 12시간이후 100mg/l 이상에서 30mg/l 이하로 감소되었으며 표층의 고농도 M.B가스가 불과 30분 이내에 3m 깊이 까지 침투되었음을 알 수 있었다. 3. 사이로 표층으로부터 고농도의 M.B가스는 13m 깊이 지점까지 1시간 이내에 침투되었으며 투약후 48시간까지 지속적으로 100mg/l 이상40mg/l 이상의 M.B가스가 검지되는 것으로 보아 자연중력하에서 옥수수를 소독하는 경우 13m 깊이 부근에 M.B 가스의 고농도 대를 형성하는 것으로 추측된다. 4. 사이로 기부(21m 지점)의 M.B가스는 에 불과했던 것으로 보아 M.B의 침투가 아주 적었던 것으로 판단되어진다. 5. M.B 가스의 횡 확산성은 수직 침투성에 비하여 매우 적었으며 사이로 길이 3m의 경우 투약방향으로부터 약 13m지점의 qdnl는 중심부의 약 , 그리고 깊이 13m 지점에서는 지점에서는 의 농도에 불과하였다. 6. 투약후 24시간만에 조사한 사이로의 표층 및 기부(21m 지점)에 삽입 했던 공시충(거짓쌀도둑)은 모두 사멸되었으며 48시간후에 조사한 3m, 7m, 및 13m 지점의 공시충도 모두 사충으로 발견되었다.

Concrete structure for nuclear power plant is mass concrete structure with large wall depth and easily permits cracking in early age due to hydration heat and drying shrinkage. It always needs cooling water so that usually located near to sea shore. The crack on concrete surface permits rapid chloride intrusion and also causes more rapid corrosion in the steel. In the study, the effect of age and crack width on chloride diffusion is evaluated for the concrete for nuclear power plant with 6000 psi strength. For the work, various crack widths with 0.0~1.4 mm are induced and accelerated diffusion test is performed for concrete with 56 days, 180days, and 365 days. With increasing crack width over 1.0mm, diffusion coefficient is enlarged to 2.7~3.1 times and significant reduction of diffusion is evaluated due to age effect. Furthermore, apparent diffusion coefficient and surface chloride content are evaluated for the concrete with various crack width exposed to atmospheric zone with salt spraying at the age of 180 days. The results are also analyzed with those from accelerated diffusion test.

This research was done to clarify the cooling effect of water particles generated from a fountain. This effect is a one way to control the heat island effect of big cities. The result of this research was drawn by setting the jets of water in a certain height, and then studying the diffusion of water particles, which is affected by the size of the particles and the wind speed, and the cooling effect caused by the diffusion. 1) When a diameter of a water drop was 500 ㎛ and the wind speed was 2.0 to 6.0 m/sec, the water drop diffused 75 to 190m, and the water vapor spread over 175 to 440 m. As a result, there was more than 0.5℃ of cooling effect on the temperature in the atmosphere 130 to 330m around the water fountain. 2) When a diameter of a water drop was 750 ㎛ and the wind speed was 2.0 to 6.0 m/sec, the water drop diffused 65 to 150 m, and the water vapor spread over 160 to 405 m. Moreover, there was more than 0.5℃ of cooling effect on the temperature in the atmosphere 110 to 275 m around the water fountain. 3) After studying on the relationship between the diameter of water drop and the wind speed, and the diffusion of water particles and the range of the atmosphere that was cooled, a result could be drawn from the research that the smaller the diameter of the water vapor gets and the faster the wind speed becomes, the wider the water particles diffuse and the cooler the atmosphere around the fountain becomes. 4) This research further extrapolates that when the ordinary water(tap water, water from river and stream) is used in a fountain, the cooling effect of the air near the fountain can be approached similarly. If the seawater is used in a fountain, there is to be more to concern not only on cooling effect on the air, but also on other effects on surrounding environment generated by the salt in seawater.

Enormous apartment complexes in urban areas, temporary inversion state and heat island effect occur due to the strong sunshine and weak wind speeds which hinders the dispersion of air pollutants that are emitted from neighboring areas of apartment complexes. In this study, analysis were conducted by using the Fluent code based on the CFD(Computation Fluid Dynamics), including building layout, material, building height from the ground surface, the heat, analysis of flow field in the apartment complex. It was estimated that the temporal radiation inversion phenomenon during the daytime, which was caused by the weak wind speed and higher temperatures in the upper level, contributed to the stagnation of the air pollutants in the lower layer of the apartment complex.