The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of nerve mobilization, static stretching, and hold-relax on the flexibility of hamstring muscles and their surface electromyographic (EMG) responses to passive stretches in poststroke hemiparesis. This study was a randomized cross-over trial. Fourteen subjects received three treatment sessions in random order with each consisting of ten repetitions. The treatment sessions included nerve mobilization, static stretching, and hold-relax. The treatment sessions were held at least 24 hours apart to minimize any carryover effect. The outcome was measured by the distance between the greater trochanter and lateral malleolus and hamstring EMG activity during passive knee extension stretching. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant changes in hamstring flexibility and EMG activity in main effect of time pre, post and followup (p<.05). However, no significant differences occurred among the three stretching techniques. No technique was consistently found to be superior. The three stretching techniques in this study make it difficult to determine the most effective technique. Therefore, clinicians use nerve mobilization of effective stretching techniques with other stretching techniques.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(2). Working with others in organizations, people often need to express conflicting opinions. An argument is the process of harmonizing and compromising conflicting opinions. Many researchers have recognized the value of argument and conducted research on interpersonal argument, ranging from specialized contexts with special issues to more general conversational contexts. However, there has been relatively little research conducted on this important interpersonal communication aspect in Korea. This study examines the relationship between personal traits related to argument and personal success within organizations. Three personal traits - argumentativeness, argumentative flexibility, and verbal aggressiveness - were used to measure individual characteristics towards argument; and, the time spent for promotion, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment were used to assess organizational success. In addition, the present study attempted to discern if there is any difference in the participants' personal traits toward argument according to the group they belong to. The participants' background information such as the type of organization they work for, the type of work they currently do, gender, age, marital status was collected. The results of a survey administered to 202 office workers are discussed in light of implications.

As product life cycle is to be shorter, firms are in the hope of introducing much longer useful life of facilities than individuals product life cycle. In this respect, this paper provide a model to determine the optimal level of facility flexibility which capable of maximizing the net profit. This model consists of the functional formula of four parameter( I ( F ) , G ( F), C ( F), R ( F)) influenced to the net profit( Z ( F )) when various facility alternatives are considered. Also this paper analyzes changes of optimal level point of facility flexibility according to the incremental change of each parameter. Finally, using a numerical example, this paper illustrates each net profit flow based on change of flexibility level and determines an optimal level point of facility flexibility.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of thoracic flexibility exercise on chest function and mobility and to provide the information of physical therapy for patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Forty female subjects who were diagnosed with scoliosis participated in this study and were divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group consisted of 20 patients who were treated with thoracic flexibility exercise program during the admission (10 days) ad one month after discharge. The control group consisted of 20 patients who were not treated with thoracic flexibility exercise program. Vital capacity was measured using a respirometer. The chest expansion were calculated using differences of chest circumference between maximum inspiration and maximum expiration measured under armpits, at the junction between the sternum and xyphoid process, and at the waist. All subjects were measured two times: before the admission and at one month after discharge. Data were compared by groups using independent t-test, Vital capacity and chest expansion values (the armpit, chest and waist values) were significantly higher for the experimental group compared to those of the control group (p<.05). The findings of this study show that thoracic flexibility exercise program can lead to an increase in vital capacity and chest expansion and has a positive effects in relieving symptoms and restoring thoracic mobility.

For spinal flexibility measurements to be meaningful to clinicians or researchers, they must have a normative information and an understanding of how different variables affect spinal range of motion (ROM). Normal spinal ROM measurements are influenced to differing degrees by many factors. These factors include age, gender, time of day, leisure activities, previous history of low back pain, warming up, and the techniques with which normative data are collected. The additional variables of standing height, ratio of standing height to sitting height, and obesity had not been previously studied extensively and were shown to have a significant effect on flexibility in the sagittal plane. These relationship cannot be explained easily. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between spinal flexibility and individual factors (weight, standing height, and ratio of standing height to sitting height) that influence it. Fifteen healthy subjects between the ages of 20 and 27 years were studied. Two physical therapists measured independently the spinal forward bending ROM in the sagittal plane by Remodified Schober test and Finger-to-floor test. In order to determine the statistical significance of the result the Pearson's correlation was applied at the .05 level of significance. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Significant relationship was not identified between spinal flexibility and weight. 2) Significant relationship was not identified between spinal flexibility and standing height. 3) Significant relationship was not identified between spinal flexibility and ratio of standing height to sitting height.

케이블 구조물은 응력-변형도관계에서 비선형성이 강하고 대변위에 의해 기하학적 비선형이 도입되므로 해석이 복잡하다. 그러므로 케이블 구조물의 평형형태 탐색과 해석에 앞서 기하학적 비선형을 고려해야만 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 케이블, 네트, 전선, 현수케이블 지붕등에 적용될 수 있는 수치해석과정이 소개된다. 이 과정은 두 부분으로 나눌 수 있는데, 하나는 유연성반복과정에의해 등분포하중을 받는 케이블 구조물의 응력과 평형형태를 구하는 것이고, 다른 한 부분은 비선형 유한요소법에 의해 절점외력을 받는 평형형태를 해석하는 것이다.

This paper addresses simplified method for nonlinear soil–structure interactions (SSI) analysis of base-isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) structure under incident seismic waves. The accuracy and applicability of the method are evaluated by comparing with nonlinear time history responses obtained by the boundary reaction method (BRM).

This paper addresses simplified method for nonlinear soil–structure interactions (SSI) analysis of base-isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) structure under incident seismic waves. The accuracy and applicability of the method are evaluated by comparing with nonlinear time history responses obtained by the boundary reaction method (BRM).

본 연구는 다문화 아동의 이중언어 사용능력(한국어, 모국어)이 적응유연성과 문화정체감 에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 서울에 거주하는 한국인 아버지와 외국인 어머니로 이루어진 다문화 가정의 자녀 중 초등학생 133명을 대상으로 적응유연성 과 문화정체감에 관한 자기보고식 설문을 실시하였다. 주요연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다문화가정 어머니의 출신국의 언어가 비국제어보다 국제어에서 다문화 아동의 모국어 사 용능력이 더 높게 나타났으며, 한국어 사용능력은 어머니의 출신국의 언어에 따른 영향이 없었다. 둘째, 한국어 사용능력은 적응유연성에 정적인 영향을 보였고, 모국어 사용능력과 어머니의 출신국은 적응유연성에 영향이 없었다. 셋째, 모국어 사용능력은 한국 문화정체감 에 정적인 영향을 보였고, 한국어 사용능력과 어머니의 출신국은 한국 문화정체감에 영향이 없었다. 넷째, 한국어 사용능력은 모국 문화정체감에 정적인 영향을 보였고, 모국어 사 용능력은 모국 문화정체감에 부적인 영향을 보였으며, 어머니의 출신국은 모국 문화정체감 에 영향이 없었다. 결론적으로, 다문화 아동의 한국어 사용능력이 우선적으로 뒷받침 되어 야 이중언어 사용능력을 통한 적응유연성과 문화정체감 형성에 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있음 을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 다문화 아동의 이중 문화정체감을 성공적으로 통합하고 적 응유연성의 향상을 위한 효과적인 이중언어 교육을 마련하는데 초석이 되었으면 한다.

본 연구는 다문화사회를 역행하고 있는 한국사회가 무슬림 및 이슬람 문화에 대한 고정 관념 및 정형화에서 벗어나 다문화적 관점에서 이해하기 위해 국내 무슬림 유학생의 적응 유연성을 탐색하는 데에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 Mrazek and Mrazek(1987)은 12가지 척도를 측정하기 위해 Jew(1991)이 개발한 도구 ‘Resilience Belief System’을 번안한 김정득(2003)의 도 구를 수정, 보완하여 사용하였다. 먼저는 문화적․언어적 차이에 따른 적응유연성이의 차이 가 나타나는지를 알아보기 위해 아랍권, 동남아시아권, 동북아시아권 유학생 전체의 적응유 연성을 알아보았다. 지역적, 정서적 거리감이 멀다고 느끼는 아랍권 유학생과 지역적, 정서 적 거리감이 가깝다고 느껴지는 아시아권 유학생들 간의 적응유연성의 차이가 있는지를 알 아 본 결과 아랍권, 동남아시아권, 동북아시아권 유학생 사이에서 적응유연성의 차이가 유 의미하게 나타나지 않았다. 다음으로 무슬림과 비무슬림(non-Muslim)의 종교적 배경으로 나 타나는 적응유연성의 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았는데 그 결과 무슬림과 비무슬림 유학생 사 이에서 적응유연성의 유의미한 차이가 없다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 무슬림 유학생 내에서 각각 정도의 차이가 나타나는 적응유연성을 알 수 있었다. 중동, 아프리카, 동남아 에서 온 무슬림 유학생들의 지역, 성별, 결혼여부, 직업, 가족 형태에 따라서 적응유연성이 각각 다르게 나타났는데 특히 지역과 직업 요인에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 이는 곧 무슬림의 다양성을 내포하고 있는 것으로 이해할 수 있으며, 동일한 무슬림일지라 도 개인의 환경, 지역사회, 문화와 민족의 역사적 배경 등과 관계가 있다고 여겨진다. 그러 나 본 연구에서의 표본이 그것을 정당화하기에는 한계가 있으며 다양한 배경 요인에 대한 심층적 연구가 필요하다. 무슬림 사회를 이해하는 데에 더 큰 시각이 필요한 시점에서 본 연구는 앞으로 무슬림의 다양성에 대한 탐색적, 예비적 연구로서 의의가 있다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study were the evaluation and effects of mindfulness· acceptance, commitment(MAC) approach on psychological flexibility and golf performance in elite golfer. Methods: The participants of this study was the three golfers registered by KLPGA. All of golfers received the same measures given at pre- and post-7 treatment : Acceptance & Action Questionnaire-16(AAQ-16: Bond et al 2000), golf performance (scores average, putting average, birdies average, GIR %, par save% par break%, recover average). MAC strategies of this study were mindfulness, acceptance, defusion, commitment, and value. Results: during 7 treatments of mindfulness⋅acceptance commitment, acceptance & action (psychological flexibility) and golf performance of three golfers was improved. Conclusion: MAC training is evaluated to contribute to improve the psychological flexibility and golf performance. Therefore, it is necessary to experience the MAC training for the psychological stability and continuous performance improvement of the golf players. In particular, it is recommended to learn psychological flexibility to focus on current awareness, non-judgmental acceptance, decentralized attention of mindfulness, and commitment for value behavior. The details of the results are discussed.

Fish generates thrust with a compliant fin which is known to increase the efficiency. In this paper, the performance of a robotic dolphin, the velocity and the stability, was improved using an optimal compliant caudal fin under certain oscillating frequency. Optimal compliance of the caudal fin exists that maximizes the thrust at a certain oscillating frequency. Four different compliant fins were used to find the optimal compliance of the caudal fin at a certain frequency using the half-pi phase delay condition. The swimming results show that the optimal compliant fin increases the velocity of the robotic fish. The compliance of the caudal fin was also shown to improve the stability of the robotic fish. A reactive motion at the head of the robotic dolphin causes fluctuation of the caudal fin. This phenomenon increases with the oscillating frequency. However, compliant fin reduced this fluctuation and increased the stability.