Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to investigate the removal characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in two sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs). SBBR1 had a short first non-aeration period and SBBR2 had a long first non-aeration period. The removal characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in each SBBR were precisely observed according to the variation of influent TOC concentration, and the operation control parameters (pH, DO concentration, ORP) in each reactor were measured. In biological nitrogen removal, there was little difference between SBBR1 and SBBR2 and the nitrogen removal efficiencies were very low. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics in high influent TOC concentration were different from those in low TOC. Nitrogen removals by simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND) were occurred in both SBBR1 and SBBR2. The P removal in SBBR1 was superior to that in SBBR2. The second P release was observed in SBBR1 which had long second non-aeration period.

A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate nitrogen removal by the soil column. The addition of 20% waste oyster shell to the soil accelerated nitrification in soil column. The NO3--N concentration in the effluent decreased with the decrease of HRT(Hydraulic Retention Time). When methanol and glucose added as carbon sources, the average removal rates of T-N(Total Nitrogen) were 82% and 77.9%, respectively. The NO3--N removal by methanol supplementation in soil column can likely be attributed to denitrification. In continuous removal of nitrogen using the soil column, the COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) and NH4+-N removed simultaneously in organic matter decomposing column. The greater part of NH4+-N was nitrified by the percolated through nitrification column, and the little NH4+-N was found in the effluent. The T-N of 87.4% removed at HRT of 36 hrs in denitrfication column. Because of nitrified effluents from nitrification column are low in carbonaceous matter, an external source of carbon is required.

This study was carried out to investigate the variation of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus in (AO)2 SBBR process according to the variation of operating cycle at the high TOC concentration. The operation time in anoxic (anaerobic) time to oxic time was 1:1. Three lab-scale SBBRs were fed with synthetic wastewater based on glucose as carbon source. The variation of total TOC removal was similar each other irrespective of operation time, however, the TOC concentrations in SBBRs showed a little difference according to the operating condition. In SBBR, complete nitrification was not occurred at all reactors, however, R3 showed a higher nitrification than R2. And in SBBR, the variation of operating time more affected at phosphorus removal than nitrogen removal. R2 which had the shortest time at the 1st aeration time showed the lowest phosphorus release and uptake efficacy.

This study make a comparison between the phosphorus removal performance of FNR(Ferrous Nutrient Removal) process and A/O process by the laboratory experiments. For simultaneous removal of phosphorus, iron electrolysis was combined with oxic tank. Iron precipitation reactor on the electrochemical behaviors of phosphorus in the iron bed. The phosphorus removal in FNR process was more than A/O process. Iron salts produced by iron electrolysis might help to remove COD and nitrogen. And the demanded longer SRT is the more removes the removes COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Also, FNR process of sludge quantity more reduce than A/O process to input cohesive agents.

The effluent discharge standards of industrial wastewater has become more stringent since 2003. Many industrial wastewater treatment plants has been upgraded to advanced treatment facilities. There are high concentrations of nitrate(>200 mg/L) and ammonium(>50 mg/L) nitrogen in the acrylic fiber wastewater of H textile Co. Wastewater from acrylic fiber industry containing acrylonitrile, which may affect the subsequent biological treatment process. Manufacturing of acrylic fiber also produces shock loadings. Excessive acrylonitrile and polymer debris produced in the polymerization process was screened, coagulated with CaO and settled down. A preaeration system was added to treat this high pH effluent to remove volatile organic compound and ammonia nitrogen by the air stripping effect. It was found that nitrification rate was not sufficient in the Anoxic/ Oxic(AO) process. One denitrification tank was converted to nitrification reactor to extend HRT of nitrification. Nitrification rate of ammonia nitrogen was promoted from 32% to 67% by this modification and effluent nitrogen concentration was well satisfied with the effluent standards since then.

The strength, water permeability, and photo-degradation efficiency of NOx of porous concrete with a new concept were studied in this paper. The porous concrete was comprised of coarse aggregate of maximum size 40 mm, cement, silica fume, water and air-entraining(AE) water reducing agent. The strength of porous concrete was strongly related to its matrix proportion and compaction energy. An experimental test was carried out to study the parameters of cement proportions and silica fume content for pavement applications of porous concrete which were paving a footpath, a bikeway, a parking lot, and a driveway. The regressed equations of relationships between compressive strength and flexural strength, and coefficient permeability and void ratios were indicated as y=7.69x+71.74 and y=0.42e0.28x. A method of making an air purification-functioning road, which was spraying a mixture of a photocatalyst, cement, and water onto the surface of the road, was suggested.

Soil biofiltration is an environmentally-sound technology for elimination of VOCs, odorous and NOx compounds from a low concentration, high volume waste gas streams because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This study was performed to evaluate effect of removal of gaseous NOx using a soil and a yellow soil. Over 60% and 48% of NOx from a soil and a yellow soil was removed at the inlet NO concentrations of 423~ 451ppb, respectively. The bio-filter using a soil media was capable of purifying NOx with a different natural processes. Although some of the processes are quite complex, they can broadly be summarized as adsorption into soil pore water, and biochemical transformations by soil bacteria. When the filteration bio-reactor was applied to a soil and a yellow soil, effective NOx removal was obtained for several times and months. These results show that a soil biofilter can be of use as an alternative advanced NOx treatment system.

Anoxic-oxic process were analyzed numerically for the each unit and final TN effluent by Water Quality Management(WQM) model and the results were compared data from these sewage or wastewater treatment plants. No bugs and logic error were occurred during simulation work. All of the simulation results tried to two times were obtained and both results were almost same thus this model has good reappearance. A few of simulation results were deviated with measured data because lack of influent water qualities are reported however simulation results have wholly good relationship with measured data. Also each unit of simulation result was kept good relationship with that of measured data therefore this WQM model has good reliance. Finally, WQM model predicts final TN effluent within ±4.1 ㎎/ℓ.

This study was carried out to get more operational characteristics of Anoxic(anaerobic)-Oxic-Anoxic-Oxic (AO)2 sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) at the low TOC concentration. The operating time in anoxic (anaerobic) time to oxic time was 1：1. Experiments were conducted to find the effects of the aeration time distribution on the organic matters and nutrients removal. Three lab-scale reactors were fed with synthetic wastewater based on glucose as carbon source. During studies, the operation mode was fixed. The first aeration time to the second aeration time in SBBR-1 was 2：3, and those in SBBR-2 and SBBR-3 were 1：4 and 3：2, respectively. The organic removal efficiency didn't show large difference among three reactors of different aeration time distribution. However, from these study results, the optimum aeration time distribution in the first and the second aeration time for biological nutrient removal was shown as 3：2. The release of phosphorus was inhibited at the second non-aeration period because of the low TOC concentration and the nitrate produced by the nitrification at the first aeration period.

A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate phosphorus and nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater by intermittently aerated activated sludge process packed with aluminum and silver plate. Three continuous experimental processes, i. e. an intermittently aerated activated sludge process(Run A), an intermittently aerated activated sludge process with an aluminum and silver plate packed into the reactor(Run B), and a reactor post stage(Run C) were compared. In the batch experiments, the phosphorus removal time in the reactor packed with aluminum and silver plate simultaneously was faster than that of the reactor packed with only an aluminum plate. More phosphorus was removed with an increase of NaCl concentration. The pitting corrosion of aluminum does not affect the performance of the biological treatment. The total nitrogen removal efficiency in Run B was 57% and 43.6% at the HRT of 12 and 6 hours respectively. The effluent PO4-P concentration as low as 1.0 mg/L could be obtainable through the continuous experiment in Run B at HRT of 6 hours.

This study was conducted to determine optimum design parameters in nitrification and denitrfication of chemical fertilizer wastewater using pilot plant, Jet Loop Reactor. The chemical fertilizer wastewater which contains low amounts of organic carbon and has a high nitrogen concentration requires a post-denitrfication system. Organic nitrogen is hydrolyzed above 86%, and the concentration of organic nitrogen was influent wastewater 126㎎/L and of effluent wastewater 16.4㎎/L, respectively. The nitrification above 90% was acquired to TKN volumetric loading below 0.5 ㎏TKN/㎥‧d, TKN sludge loading below 0.1 ㎏TKN/㎏VSS‧d and SRT over 8days. The nitrification efficiency was 90% or more and the maximum specific nitrification rate was 184.8 ㎎TKN/L‧hr. The denitrification rate was above 95% and the concentration of NO3-N was below 20㎎/L. This case was required to 3 ㎏CH3OH/㎏NO3-N, and the effluent concentration of NO3--N was below 20㎎/L at NO3--N volumetric loading below 0.7 ㎏NO3--N/㎥‧d and NO3--N sludge loading below 0.12 ㎏NO3--N/㎏VSS‧d. At this case, the maximum sludge production was 0.83 ㎏TS/㎏T-Nre and the specific denitrfication rate was 5.5 ㎎NO3-N/ gVSS‧h.

As the concentration of ammonium nitrogen could be reached 2～3 mg/L in the winter in the river. It was clear that the excessive concentration of chlorinated organics could be produced with the increase of chlorine addition to remove ammonium nitrogen. In the innovative ammonium nitrogen removal process, zeolite adsorption is very efficient as substitute for rapid sand filtration without other adverse quality change in the water. This study is conducted to evaluate the feasibility of ammonium nitrogen removal and regeneration by zeolite adsorption in drinking water treatment. Also, the reuse possibility of zeolite is evaluated to change the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen through several times of regeneration. The ammonium nitrogen was not removed in sand filter, but it was almost removed in zeolite filter during 7 days. The sand and zeolite filters have a similar result of turbidity removal. Therefore, zeolite filtration was confirmed the removal of turbidity and ammonium nitrogen as a media. When compared KCl with NaCl as a chemical for zeolite regeneration, it is demonstrated that KCl was more efficient than NaCl in the ability of zeolite regeneration. The adsorption rate of ammonium nitrogen was almost not decreased in the results of several times of regeneration. It is indicated that both zeolite and regeneration solution were possible to reuse without variation of regeneration rate through this study.