This study tried to reveal pattern of change in climatic normals during 1981-2010 and 1991-2020 from 28 weather stations in South Korea as well as its relationships with land cover change. Most of the weather stations showed temperature increase during 1991-2020 compared to 1981-2010, and positive correlations were found between temperature and urbanization in land cover, with the highest correlation coefficient in min. temperature. Temperature data also showed negative correlations with suburbanization in land cover, with lower correlation coefficients than urbanization in land cover. Overall decreases in relative humidity were revealed from the weather stations. However, clear relationships between relative humidity and land cover were not found in this study. The other climate data such as precipitation, sunshine and mean wind speed showed various ratios of change depending on the weather stations, without certain relationships with land cover.

Non-point source pollutants have characteristics the render them difficult to manage owing to the uncertainty of flow paths. As agricultural non-point sources account for more than 57% of non-point source pollutants, the necessity for management is increasing. This study examines the possibility of utilizing land cover maps to suggest a more appropriate method of setting management priority for agricultural non-point sources in the Daecheong Lake area and draws implications by comparing the results derived using the cadastral map, as mentioned in the TMDL Basic Policy. To define the prioritized areas for management, the pollution load was calculated for each subbasin using the formula from the TMDL technical guidelines. As a result, the difference in the average pollution load between the land cover map and cadastral map ranged from 11.6% to 21% among the subbasins. In almost all subbasins, there were differences in the ranking of management priorities depending on the land information that was used. In addition, it was found that it was reasonable to use the level 3 land cover map to calculate the load generated by the land system for examining the implementation goals and methods of each data and comparing them with satellite images.

This study aims to increase the ability to adapt to the ecosystem and promote a sustainable use of the natural environment, by classifying the types of damaged lands according to various factors, such as the characteristics of the target area and form, cause, and impact of damage. Moreover, the study suggests the development of evaluation categories and criteria by each type. The results obtained are as follows: first, for the assessment of damaged lands, the changed areas were identified utilizing land cover maps. Video analysis was performed to increase the accuracy, and 88 sites were obtained. Second, the types of damage were classified into ecological infrastructure and ecological environment, and the sub-factors of the cause of damage were classified into 12 factors. Third, each evaluation system for the types of damage was composed of four steps, considering each type of damage and the level of evaluators being higher than paraprofessionals. To supplement this study, it will be necessary to utilize the database of damaged lands other than the Seoul Metropolitan Area and conduct an on-site survey for verification in the future.

This study analyzes relationship between land cover change and local climate data of 46 weather stations in South Korea from the 1980s to 2000s. The used area shows proportional relationships to mean daily min. temperature and mean temperature, and a reverse relationship is found between the used area and relative humidity. However, the forest indicates reverse relationships to mean daily min. temperature and mean temperature. The agricultural land causes to increase in relative humidity and decrease in mean wind speed, while the water increases mean daily min. temperature, daily min. temperature and mean temperature as well as mean wind speed. The urbanization type (used area + barren) shows high correlations with temperature and humidity. The suburbanization type (agricultural land + forest + grass + wetland) has high correlations with temperature and wind speed. High correlations are also found between the waterfront type (wetland + water), and temperature and wind speed. It can be concluded that change in land cover around weather station obviously influences on climate data of the weather station and it is also expected that reliability and homogeneity of climate data from a weather station can be enhanced by this study.

Land cover around weather station can affect various climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation, wind and moisture. This study tries to reveal patterns and causes in land cover changes around weather stations in South Korea and to classify types of the land cover changes. The agricultural land, forest and used area have occupied most areas around un-relocated 47 weather stations with enough weather observation durations for the past 20-30 years. Area of the agricultural land shows steady decrease with remarkable areal decrease in the wetland, while steady areal increase is found in the used area. Due to urban expansions and new town developments around the weather stations, areas of the urbanization type (used area+barren) and suburbanization type (agricultural land+forest+grass+wetland) show steady increase and decrease, respectively. On the other hand, accurate changes in land cover are not reflected in the water-front type (wetland+water) due to errors and limitations in land cover classification using satellite images. It is expected that the results in this study can contribute to reliability and homogeneity enhancement of weather data.

The greenhouse gas emission according to the energy consumption is the cause of global warming. With various climates, it is occurs the direct problems to ecosystem. The various studies are being to reduce the carbon dioxide, which accounts for more than 80% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, estimate the carbon usage using potential biomass extracted from forest type map according to land-use by satellite image, and estimate the amount of carbon dioxide, according to the energy consumption of urban area. The CO2 adsorption is extracted by the amount of forest based on the direct absorption of tree, the other used investigated value. The CO2 emission in Jecheon was 3,985,900 TCO2 by energy consumption. At the land cover classification, the forest is analyzed as 624,085ha and the farmland is 148,700ha. The carbon dioxide absorption was estimated at 1,834,850 Tons from analyzed forest. In case of farmland, it was also estimated at 706,658 Tons.

This study analyzed the characteristics of stormwater runoff by rainfall type in orchard areas and transportation areas for 2 years(2010~2011year). Effluents were monitored to calculate the Event Mean Concentrations(EMCs) and runoff loads of each pollutant. The pollutant EMCs by volume of stormwater runoff showed the ranges of BOD 0.9~13.6 ㎎/L, COD 13.7~45.2 ㎎/L, SS 4.1~236.4 ㎎/L, T-N 2.123~21.111 ㎎/L, T-P 0.495~2.214 ㎎/L in the orchard areas, and was calculated as BOD 2.3~22.5㎎ /L, COD 4.4~91.1 ㎎/L, SS 4.3~138.3 ㎎/L, T-N 0.700~13.500 ㎎/L, T-P 0.082~1.345 ㎎/L in the transportation areas. The correlation coefficient of determination in the orchard area was investigated in the order of Total Rainfall(0.81) > Total Runoff(0.76) > Rainfall Intensity(0.56) > Rainfall Duration(0.46) > Antecedent Dry Days(0.27). Also, in the case of the transportation area was investigated in the order of Total Rainfall (0.55) > Total Runoff(0.54) > Rainfall Intensity(0.53) > Rainfall Duration(0.24) > Antecedent Dry Days(0.14). As the result, comparing valuables relating to runoff of non-pollutant source between orchard areas and transportation areas, orchard area(R2 ≥ 0.5 : X3, X4, X5) was investigated to have more influence of diverse independent valuables compared to the transportation area(R2 ≥ 0.5 : X3, X4) and the difference of discharge influence factor by the land characteristics appeared apparently.

본 연구는 다중시기 원격탐사 자료를 이용하여 서산시의 토지피복 변화를 탐지하고, IPCC SRES 시나리오와 고해수면 복원자료를 바탕으로 해수면 상승에 따른 토지피복별 침수 취약성을 평가하였다. 연구결과, 서산시는 1982년부터 2009년 기간에 논의 면적이 가장 많이 증가하였고, 이밖에 인공구조물, 수역, 나대지, 초지 순이다. 반면, 갯벌 및 산림지, 해양, 밭, 습지는 감소하였다. 서산시의 해수면 상승에 따른 침수면적을 산출한 결과, 인공구조물과 수역 등은 침수 피해 면적이 증가하는 반면, 산림지, 습지, 밭 등은 침수 피해 면적이 감소하였다. 해수면 상승에 따른 침수 위험성을 평가하면, 가장 피해가 먼저 발생하는 곳은 담수호와 농경지 및 연안에 인접한 산업단지 지역이다. 따라서 향후 서산시는 해수면 상승에 대한 다양한 시나리오를 바탕으로 지역 단위 및 토지피복 유형별로 중장기적인 대책을 세우는 것이 필요하다.

토지피복은 물리적인 지표면의 상태를 나타내며, 재난, 수자원, 환경생태, 행정 등의 관리에 이용되는 중요한 지표이다. 이는 지표수의 증발, 강우에 의한 유출이나 해안 침식 등 인간의 생활에 큰 영향을 주는 인자이며, 또한, 인간의 활동에 의해 많은 변화를 받기도 한다. 따라서 정확한 토지피복의 상태와 변화를 파악을 위한 연구가 오래 전부터 진행되었다. 최근에는 토지피복의 변화를 감지하기 위해 넓은 지역을 일관되게 관측하며 오래된 자료의 획득이 가능한 인공위성 영상을 이용한 토지피복 분석 방법이 실행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지표에 대한 인간의 활동에 의한 토지피복의 변화를 파악하기 위해 Landsat 인공위성을 이용하여 대규모 간척사업인 새만금 지역의 공사 진행에 따른 토지피복 변화를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 공사의 전후에 따라 수역의 영역이 감소하며 반면 습지의 영역이 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 또한 시간의 흐름에 따른 도시화의 영향으로 시가의 증가와 농지 및 산림의 감소를 확인하였다.

This study aims at suggesting the attributes and limitations of each methods through the evaluation of the verified analysis results, so that it will be possible to select an efficient method that may be applied to assess the green coverage ratio. Green coverage areas of each sites subject to this study were assessed utilizing the following four methods. First, assessment of green coverage area through direct planimetry of satellite images. Second, assessment of green coverage area using land cover map. Third, assessment of green coverage area utilizing the band value in satellite images. Forth, assessment of green coverage area using and land cover map and reference materials. For this study, four urban zones of the City of Seosan in Chungcheongnam-do. As a result, this study show that the best calculation method is the one that combines the merits of first and second methods. This method is expected to be suitable for application in research sites of middle size and above. It is also deemed that it will be possible to apply this method in researches of wide area, such as setting up master plans for parks and green zones established by each local self-government organizations.

Land cover and land use change data are important in many studies including climate change and hydrological studies. Although the various theories and models have been developed, it is difficult to identify the driving factors of the land use change because land use change is related to policy options and natural and socio-economic conditions. This study is to attempt to simulate the land cover change using the CLUE model based on a statistical analysis of land-use change. CLUE model has dynamic modeling tools from the competition among land use change in between driving force and land use, so that this model depends on statistical relations between land use change and driving factors. In this study, Yongin, Icheon and Anseong were selected for the study areas, and binary logistic regression and factor analysis were performed verifying with ROC curve. Land cover probability map was also prepared to compare with the land cover data and higher probability areas are well matched with the present land cover demonstrating CLUE model applicability.

최근 기후변화와 이상기후에 대한 관심으로 세계 각국에서는 미래 기후에 대한 보다 정확한 정보를 얻기 위하여 IPCC 권장 시나리오인 SRES (Special Report in Emission Scenario)기반의 GCM(General Circulation Model)과 RCM(Regional Circulation Model)을 이용하고 있으며 특히, 최근에는 고해상도 자료를 생산함으로써 국부지역에 대한 지형학적 특성을 효과적으로 모의할 수 있는 RCM

The purpose of this study is to build Island biogeography in the basic concept of landscape ecology in South Korea by draw relationship between the species side of quantitative habitats and forest area surveyed in the national database based on investigation of the 2nd natural environment. In addition, try to present criterion of habitats character category after understanding habitats character of emergence area side of quality habitats based on the type of formatting. Species and forest area relationship analyzed using correlation analysis and simple regression analysis. Also habitat character limited composition ratio of neighboring land cover and analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis to classify type of habitat. As a result, we found that forest area is correlated with number of species, forests which is bigger than 100ha are more important of increase in species' population. And according to land cover composition ratio, bird's classified types of forest inner species, forest edge species, forest outer species and mammal's classified types of forest inner species, forest general species, forest edge species. We suggest that study of species-forest area relationship and emergence habitat character be used as some management plans of species' conservation, protection and restoration.

The present study observed temperature in order to identify factors affecting temperature by zoning and to measure the intensity of their impact on temperature. The empirical results of analyzing observed data are as follows. In order to make up for multicollinearity, a problem in multiple regression analysis, and to give more specific explanations, this study conducted factor analysis and obtained desirable data with adequacy and statistical significance. In the correlation matrix, factors decreasing temperature were planted areas, water surfaces and grasslands, and those increasing temperature were bare grounds, paved areas, and building area. According to land cover patterns, commercial areas had the highest temperature lowering effect. Through the rotated component matrix, we found that factors are grouped into those decreasing temperature, those increasing temperature, and those with low significance in increasing or decreasing temperature. In order to solve the problem of multicollinearity in multiple regression analysis, we performed factor analysis between the land use patterns and temperature and confirmed the usability of factor analysis as a new analysis method in urban heat island.

본 연구는 여름철 인체 실험을 통해 온냉감, 쾌적감, 기류감 등을 측정하여 토지피복현황에 따라 인간이 느끼는 온열쾌적감에 대해서 검토하였다. 본 연구의 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토지피복현황에 따라 기상요소를 분석한 결과 기온의 경우 식재지가 최저온을, 포장지가 최고온을 형성하였다. 최고온역인 포장지와 최저온역인 식재지의 온도 차이는 3.9～4.1℃로 나타났다. 풍속의 경우 나지, 수면, 건폐지의 풍속이 1m/s 이상을 보였고 식재지, 초지, 포장지는 1m/s 이하의 풍속이 관측되었다.2. 풍속에 따른 기류감 및 기류평가에서 풍속이 증가함에 따라 기류감이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 풍속이 0.3m/s일 경우부터, 기류감을 느끼기 시작하고 풍속이 1.5m/s일 경우 거의 모든 피험자가 보통이상으로 느끼며 1.9m/s일 경우 기류가 강하다고 느끼는 것으로 나타났다． 또한 같은 기류일 경우 식재지의 기류가 포장지의 기류보다 더 큰 만족을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 온열 중성점은 25.6℃에서 나타났고 온냉감의 수치로 -0.5～+0.5를 쾌적범위로 할 경우 쾌적범위는 24.7～26.6℃로 나타났다.4. 기상요소와 쾌적감에 미치는 효과의 상관분석결과, 기상요소가 쾌적감에 미치는 효과는 일사량, 풍속, 기온, 습도의 순으로 나타났다. 5. 토지피복현황에 따른 기온과 쾌적감 비교 결과 식재지는 다른 지역에 비해 쾌적감이 현저히 높았으며, 실외의 경우 기상요소인 기온, 일사, 풍속, 습도의 조합에 따라 쾌적감이 달라지기 때문 단순한 기온 및 습도의 조합으로 쾌적감을 나타낼 수 없는 것으로 나타나 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

The present study examined the relation between land cover condition and temperature in various types of urban green spaces. The diagram of temperature distribution showed that high-temperature zones are formed around paved areas, and low temperature zone around planted areas and grassy areas. Even in planted areas where low-temperature zones were formed, temperature was different according to hierarchical structure. That is, temperature was relatively low in areas covered with arbor + sub-arbor. With regard to land cover ratio, the increase of planted areas and grassy areas had an effect on the fall of temperature and the effect was higher in order of planted areas and grassy areas. On the contrary, paved areas and bare areas had an effect on the rise of temperature. According to the results of factor analysis, in case of the highest temperature, planted area and grassy area were put together into a factor lowering temperature, paved area and temperature into a factor raising temperature, and bare area alone into a factor of low significance. In case of the lowest temperature, grassy area and bare area were put together into a factor, and the validity of the factor analysis was proved by the analysis of urban heat islands. An increase in the number of trees by height was effective in lowering temperature, and the effect was high in order to arbor and sub-arbor, and the source of coldness in planted area was tall trees.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water pollution degree in the Mid-Nakdong River watershed regarding to landcover types using GIS method. As a result of landcover classification, rate of urban appeared highly on Daegu Metropolitan city. Also, rate of agriculture showed highly in the riparian zones of the Nakdong and Guemho River and rate of forest appeared highly in the borders of the study area. To identify the groups of watershed with similar landcover patterns using the Cluster Analysis. According to the cluster analysis, the fifty sub-watersheds were grouped in three clusters, "Urban watershed", "Agriculture watershed", "Forest watershed". The proportion of urban area in each cluster had a positive correlation with water pollution degree. Otherwise, the proportion of agriculture in the Agriculture watershed had a high positive correlation with water pollution degree. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate environmental capacity of water quality considering ecological and environmental characteristics of watershed ecosystem and expand water quality monitoring systems to small stream.

본 연구에서는 최대우도법과 인공신경망 모형에 의해 카테고리 분류를 수행하고 각각의 분류 성능을 비교 평가하였다. 인공신경망 모형은 오류역전파 알고리즘을 이용한 것으로서 학습을 통한 은닉층의 최적노드수를 결정하여 카테고리 분류를 수행하도록 하였다. 인공신경망 최적 모형은 입력층의 노드수가 7개, 은닉층의 최적노드수가 18개, 그리고 출력층의 노드수가 5개인 것으로 구성하였다. 위성영상은 1996년에 촬영된 Landsat TM-5 영상을 사용하였고, 최대우도법과 인공신경망 모형에 의한 카테고리 분류를 위하여 각각의 카테고리에 대한 분광특성을 대표하는 지역을 절취하였다. 분류 정확도는 인공신경망 모형에 의한 방법이 90%, 최대우도법이 83%로서, 인공신경망 모형의 분류 성능이 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다. 카테고리 분류 항목인 토지 피복 상태에 따른 분류는 두 가지 방법에서 밭과 주거지의 분류오차가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 최대우도법에 의한 밭에서의 태만오차는 62.6%로서 매우 큰 값을 보였다. 이는 밭이나 주거지의 특성이 위성 영상 촬영시기에 따라 나지의 형태로 분류되거나 산림, 또는 논으로도 분류되는 경향이 있기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 차후에 카테고리 분류를 위한 각각의 클래스의 보조적인 정보를 추가한다면, 카테고리 분류 향상이 이루어질 것으로 기대된다.

강우에 따른 토사유실은 호소내 저수용량 감소 및 탁수 등의 수질오염을 유발하기 때문에 유역관리 측면에서 중요한 인자가 된다. 최근 GIS를 활용한 토사유실평가 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 토사유실 원인지역에 대한 검토는 고려하지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GIS 기반 토사유실모델을 활용하여 임하호 유역의 토사유실량을 산정하였으며, SPOT 5 고해상도 위성영상과 토지피복도 자료를 활용하여 토사유실원인지역을 검토하였다. 분석결과 토사유실이 높게 나타나는 지역

본 연구의 목적은 HSPF 모형과 Landsat 영상을 이용하여 토지피복 변화에 따른 유출의 변화를 분석하는 것이다. 토지피복도는 경안수위관측소 상류유역()에 대하여 10년 단위로 3개의 토지피복도(1980, 1990, 2000)를 준비하였다. HSPF의 수문학적 인자들의 보정에는 1999년부터 2000년의 경안수위관측소의 자료를 사용하였고, 검증에는 2001년과 2003년의 자료를 사용하였다. 토지피복도를 입력자료로 한 유출변화의 모의 결과, 20년