The extraction of metallic pure vanadium powder from raw oxide has been tried by Mg-reduction. In first stage, powders as initial raw material was reduced by hydrogen gas into phase. powder was reduced in next stage by magnesium gas at 1,073K for 24 hours. After reduction reaction, the MgO component mixed with reduced vanadium powder were dissolved and removed fully in 10% HCl solution for 5 hours at room temperature. The oxygen content and particle size of finally produced vanadium powders were 0.84 wt% and 1 , respectively

In the present study, we systematically investigated the effect of Mn addition on nitrogenation behavior and magnetic properties of Sm-Fe powders produced by reduction-diffusion process. Alloy powders with only single phase were successfully produced by the reduction-diffusion process. The coercivity of powder rapidly increased during nitrogenation and reached the maximum of 637 Oe after 16 hours. After further nitrogenation, it decreased. In contrast, the coercivity of powder gradually increased during nitrogenation for 24 hours. The coercivity of powder was higher than that of powder at the same condition of nitrogenation. It was considered that the Mn addition facilitates the nitrogenation of powder and enhances the coercivity.

동석기는 특이한 이력을 소유한 인물로 하와이 사탕수수밭 노동자로 노동이민을 가서 성실한 면을 인정받아 공부를 한 후 북감리교회 목사, Christian Church(그리스도의 교회, 유악기) 목사, Church of Christ(그리스도의 교회, 무악기) 전도자(환원운동가), 독립운동가(민족주의자)로 활동하였던 지도자였다.본 연구는 한국교회에 아직도 생소하게 느끼고 있거나 혹 이단은 아닌지 생각하는 그리스도인들이 있을 정도인 그리스도의 교회운동 즉 환원운동을 소개하고자 하는 목적을 가지고 시작된 연구이다. 환원운동은 성서로 돌아가자(성서권위회복운동), 초대교회로 돌아가자(원형의 교회 회복운동), 그리스도의 교회로 일치를 이루자(교회일치운동)는 운동을 말한다. 그러나 본 연구가 한 교파를 소개한다는 오해가 있을 수도 있으나 오늘처럼 혼탁한 교파주의와 비성서적 교회들에게는 광야의 외침이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.동석기의 헌신으로 미국 워싱톤교회 장로회의 결정에 의해 한국에 선교사들이 입국하여 체계적인 선교를 하였다. 또한 미국 오토크릭교회로 하여금 그리스도대학교 부지구입비, 건물 건축비, 학교운영비를 부담하도록 하는데 공을 세웠다. 그리고 동석기의 환원운동에 매료된 강명석, 강순명, 장성만 같은 인물들이 합류하여 환원운동과 그리스도의 교회를 확산시켰다.

Li2O-LiCl 용융염을 이용한 전해환원기술은 사용후핵연료로부터 우라늄 금속을 회수하기 위해 연구되고 있다. 이 전해환원기술에서는 Li2O가 촉매로 이용되기 때문에 그 농도를 유지하는 것은 매우 중요한 운전인자이다. ZrO2는 피복관의 주성분이 Zr이기 때문에 사용후핵연료에 불가피하게 함유되며, 본 연구에서는 Li2O를 촉매로 이용하는 전해환원공정에서 ZrO2의 거동을 살펴보았다. Li2O와 ZrO2의 화학반응과 전해환원공정 중에서의 생성물을 분석한 결과, Li2ZrO3와 Li4ZrO4가 주요하게 관찰되었고, 이는 Li2O의 손실을 가져오는 원인이 된다. 즉, ZrO2는 Li2O를 소모하는 역할을 하며, 반응생성물은 전기화학적으로 안정하기 때문에 Li2O의 손실이 불가피하게 된다.

In order to fabricate the porous Mo with controlled pore characteristics, unique processing by using powder as the source and camphene as the sublimable material is introduced. Camphene-based 15 vol% slurries, prepared by milling at with a small amount of dispersant, were frozen at . Pores were generated subsequently by sublimation of the camphene during drying in air for 48 h. The green body was hydrogen-reduced at , and sintered at for 1 h. After heat treatment in hydrogen atmosphere, powders were completely converted to metallic W without any reaction phases. The sintered samples showed large pores with the size of about which were aligned parallel to the camphene growth direction. Also, the internal wall of large pores and near bottom part of specimen had relatively small pores due to the difference in the camphene growth rate during freezing process. The size of small pores was decreased with increase in sintering temperature, while that of large pores was unchanged. The results are strongly suggested that the porous metal with required pore characteristics can be successfully fabricated by freeze-drying process using metal oxide powders.

The ultra-fine and less agglomerated titanium carbonitride particles were successfully synthesized by magnesiothermic reduction with low feeding rate of solution. The sub-stoichiometric titanium carbide () particles were produced by reduction of chlorine component by liquid magnesium at of gaseous and the heat treatments in vacuum were performed for 5 hours to remove the residual magnesium and magnesium chloride mixed with produced . The final particle with near 100 nm in mean size and high specific surface area of was obtained by nitrification under nitrogen gas at for 2 hrs.

We investigate the effects of redox reaction on preparation of high purity α-alumina from selectively ground aluminum dross. Preparation procedure of the α-alumina from the aluminum dross has four steps: i) selective crushing and grinding, ii) leaching process, iii) redox reaction, and iv) precipitation reaction under controlled pH. Aluminum dross supplied from a smelter was ground to separate metallic aluminum. After the separation, the recovered particles were treated with hydrochloric acid(HCl) to leach aluminum as aluminum chloride solution. Then, the aluminum chloride solution was applied to a redox reaction with hydrogen peroxide(H2O2). The pH value of the solution was controlled by addition of ammonia to obtain aluminum hydroxide and to remove other impurities. Then, the obtained aluminum hydroxide was dried at 60˚C and heat-treated at 1300˚C to form α-alumina. Aluminum dross was found to contain a complex mixture of aluminum metal, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, and spinel compounds. Regardless of introduction of the redox reaction, both of the sintered products are composed mainly of α-alumina. There were fewer impurities in the solution subject to the redox reaction than there were in the solution that was not subject to the redox reaction. The impurities were precipitated by pH control with ammonia solution, and then removed. We can obtain aluminum hydroxide with high purity through control of pH after the redox reaction. Thus, pH control brings a synthesis of α-alumina with fewer impurities after the redox reaction. Consequently, high purity α-alumina from aluminum dross can be fabricated through the process by redox reaction.

본 연구에서는 850℃의 CaCl2 용융염계에서 전해환원공정을 통해 TiO2로부터 금속티타늄을 제조하였 다. Ni-TiO2 조합전극을 환원전극으로 그라파이트를 산화전극으로 사용하였으며, 셀전위를 제어하면서 TiO2의 전해환원 특성을 관찰하였다. XRD 분석을 통해 TiO2가 CaTiO3, Ti2O, Ti6O와 같은 다양한 반응 중간생성물을 거쳐 Ti 스폰지로 환원되는 것이 밝혀졌다. 또한 SEM 분석을 통해 TiO2 전해환원 반응동안 펠렛의 바깥표면부터 환원반응이 시작되어 펠렛중심으로 진행이 되는 것이 확인되었다. 전해환원 반응도 중 환원된 티타늄금속은 초기에는 다공성 스폰지 구조를 보이나 고온에서 반응이 진행됨에 따라 점차 소 결에 의해 수축되어 다공성 구조가 사라지는 현상을 보였다.

In this study, Platinum(Pt) nanoparticles were synthesized by using polyol process which is one of the liquid phase reduction methods. Dihydrogen hexachloroplatinate (IV) hexahydrate , as a precursor, was dissolved in ethylene glycol and silver nitrate () was added as metal salt for shape control of Pt particle. Also, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), as capping agent, was added to reduce the size of particle and to separate the particles. The size of Pt nanoparticles was evaluated particle size analyzer (PSA). The size and morphology of Pt nanoparticles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM). Synthesized Pt nanoparticles were studied with varying time and temperature of polyol process. Pt nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized with controlled sizes in the range 5-10 and 20-40 nm with cube and multiple-cube shapes.

본 연구에서는 폐금속 광산 주변 비소와 중금속으로 오염된 논토양을 효과적으로 복원하기 위한 안정화 제로써 석회석과 제강슬래그의 처리효과와 그 적용성을 검토하기 위해 담수답의 환원 환경을 적용한 컬럼 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 담수된 논토양의 환원 환경에서는 철과 망간 성분이 환원되어 급격하게 용출되는 시점에 중금속 성분도 급격하게 용출되는 경향이 나타났으며, 대조구(무처리)의 경우 침출수에서 오염기준을 초과한 시료가 나타났다. 그러나 석회석 5%와 제강슬래그 5%로 각각 처리한 토양은 모두 오염기준 이하로 대조구보다 중금속 농도가 매우 낮게 검출되었다. 석회석과 제강슬래그 모두 담수답의 환원 환경에서 좋은 처리효과를 나타내어 효과적인 안정화제로 판단되었으며, 특히 제강슬래그는 담수답 환 경에서 지속적으로 증가하는 비소 성분에 대해서 좋은 처리효과를 나타내었다.

The present study focused on the synthesis of Bi-Te-Se-based powder by an oxide-reduction process, and analysis of the thermoelectric properties of the synthesized powder. The phase structure, chemical composition, and morphology of the synthesized powder were analyzed by XRD, EPMA and SEM. The synthesized powder was sintered by spark plasma sintering. The thermoelectric properties of the sintered body were evaluated by measuring its Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity. powder was synthesized from a mixture of , , and powders by mechanical milling, calcination, and reduction. The sintered body of the synthesized powder exhibited n-type thermoelectric characteristics. The thermoelectric properties of the sintered bodies depend on the reduction temperature. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of the sintered body were increased with increasing reduction temperature. The sintered body of the powder synthesized at showed about 0.5 of the figure of merit (ZT) at room temperature.