Recently, the properties of nanostructured materials as advanced engineering materials have received great attention. These properties include fracture toughness and a high degree of hardness. To hinder grain growth during sintering, it is necessary to fabricate nanostructured materials. In this respect, a high-frequency induction-heated sintering method has been presented as an effective technique for making nanostructured materials at a lower temperature in a very short heating period. Nanopowders of W and Al2O3 are synthesized from WO3 and Al powders during high-energy ball milling. Highly dense nanostructured W-Al2O3 composites are made within three minutes by high-frequency induction-heated sintering method and materials are evaluated in terms of hardness, fracture toughness, and microstructure. The hardness and fracture toughness of the composite are 1364 kg/mm2 and 7.1 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Fracture toughness of nanostructured W-Al2O3 is higher than that of monolithic Al2O3. The hardness of this composite is higher than that of monolithic W.

본 연구에서는 올레핀/파라핀 분리용 NaY 제올라이트 분리막을 제조하기 위해서 알루미나 지지체 표면에 종결정을 진공여과법으로 코팅한 후 NaY 수열용 액을 이용하여 90°C-110°C에서 16-24시간 동안 이차성장 시켰다. 이때 올레핀 과 π-결합을 형성하는 Ag+ 이온을 NaY 결정 구조내에 포함된 Na+ 이온과 이 온교환시킴으로써 올레핀/파라핀 선택도와 안정성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 이온 교환된 NaY 제올라이트 분리막의 올레핀/파라핀 분리성능은 C3H6/C3H8= 90/10의 혼합기체를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 700 GPU의 투과도와 1.13의 선택도를 나타내었다. 낮은 선택도는 제조된 분리막에 비제올라이트 기공이 존재하기 때문으로 판단되었으며 향후 비제올라이트기공을 억제하기 위한 연구를 진행할 계획이다.

Properties of coatings produced by warm spray were investigated in order to utilize this technique as a repair method for Al tire molds. Al-(0-10 %)Al2O3 composite powder was sprayed on Al substrate by warm spraying, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite coating layer were investigated. For comparative study, the properties of the coating produced by plasma spray, which is a relatively high-temperature spraying process, were also investigated. The composite coating layers produced by the two spray techniques exhibited significantly different morphology, perhaps due to their different process temperatures and velocities of particles. Whereas the Al2O3 particles in the warm sprayed coating layer maintained their initial shape before the spray, flattened and irregular shape Al2O3 particles were distributed in the plasma sprayed coating layer. The coating layer produced by warm spray showed significantly higher adhesive strength compared to that produced by plasma spray. Hardness was also higher in the warm sprayed coating layer compared to the plasma sprayed one. Moreover, with increasing the fraction of Al2O3, hardness gradually increased in both spray coating processes. In conclusion, an Al-Al2O3 composite coating layer with good mechanical properties was successfully produced by warm spray.

이산화탄소 분리를 위해 이온성 액체/금속 산화물 복합막이 제조되었으며, 이온성 액체로서 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM+BF4 -)와 금속산화물로서 Al2O3가 사용되었다. 13 nm의 Al2O3가 이온성 액체 BMIM+BF4 - 에 도입되었을 때, 복합체 분리막의 성능은 CO2/N2 선택도 30.5과 CO2 투과도 45.7 GPU로 관찰되었다. neat BMIM+BF4 - 분 리막의 성능(CO2/N2 선택도 5와 CO2 투과도 17 GPU)에 비해서 성능이 증가한 이유는 Al2O3의 옥사이드 층과 이온성 액체 내 자유로운 이온농도의 상승으로 인해 CO2 용해도가 상승한 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 Al2O3 나노입자는 질소 기체에 대해 서 장애물로서 작용함으로써 질소기체의 투과도가 감소하여 결과적으로 이산화탄소 분리 성능은 급격히 증가하였다.

사용후핵연료 파이로프로세싱에서는 방사성 희토류 염화물(RECl3)을 함유한 LiCl-KCl 공융염폐기물이 발생되며, 핫셀시설에서 운영을 목적으로 단순한 형태의 공융염폐기물 처리공정을 개발하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는, LiCl-KCl 공융염폐기물 내 희토류 핵종 분리/고화공정의 단순화를 목적으로 Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3계의 무기합성매질을 이용하여 LiCl-KCl 공융 염 내 희토류 핵종(Nd)을 분리한 후 분리생성물을 바로 고화하는 시험을 실시하였다. 공융염 내 희토류 염화물(NdCl3) 대비 0.67의 무게비에 해당하는 무기합성매질의 양으로도 Nd 핵종을 98wt% 이상 분리할 수 있었고, 이 때 얻은 희토류 핵종 포집생성물은 약 50wt% 수준의 희토류 산화물 함량을 보유하고 있었으며, 이 포집생성물을 화학적 내구성이 우수한 단일상의 균질한 유리고화체로 제조할 수 있었다. 이 결과들은 LiCl-KCl 공융염폐기물 내 희토류 핵종의 분리/고화공정을 단순화하기 위한 방안수립에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

To increase the capacitance of an Al electrolytic capacitor, the anodic oxide film, Al2O3, was partly replaced by an Al2O3-ZrO2 (Al-Zr) composite film prepared by the vacuum infiltration method and anodization. The microstructure and composition of the prepared samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The coated and anodized samples showed multi-layer structures, which consisted of an inner Al hydrate layer, a middle Al- Zr composite layer, and an outer Al2O3 layer. The thickness of the coating layer could go up to 220 nm when the etched Al foil was coated 8 times. The electrical properties of the samples, such as specific capacitance, leakage current, and withstanding voltages, were also characterized after anodization at 100 V and 600 V. The capacitances of samples with ZrO2 coating were 36.3% and 27.5% higher than those of samples without ZrO2 coating when anodized at 100 V and 600 V, respectively.

This study was performed to obtain high conversion efficiency of NH3 and minimize generation of nitrogen oxides using metal-supported catalyst with Ag : Cu ratio. Through structural analysis of the prepared catalyst with Ag : Cu ratio ((10-x)Ag–xCu (0≤ x ≤6)), it was confirmed that the specific surface area was decrease with increasing metal content. A prepared catalysts showed Type Ⅱ adsorption isotherms regardless of the ratio Ag : Cu of metal content, and crystalline phase of Ag2O, CuO and CuAl2O was observed by XRD analysis. In the low temperature(150∼200 ℃), a conversion efficiency of AC_10 recorded the highest(98%), whereas AC_5 (Ag : Cu = 5 : 5) also showed good conversion efficiency(93.8%). However, in the high temperature range, the amounts of by-products(NO, NO2) formed with AC_5 was lower than that of AC_10. From these results, It is concluded that AC_5 is more environmentally and economically suitable.

사용후 핵연료내 우라늄 및 초우란원소를 회수하는 파이로프로세싱 공정에서 배출되는 금속염화물계 방사성 폐기물은 높은 휘발특성과 붕규산계 유리와의 낮은 상용성으로 인해 고화처리가 쉽지 않은 폐기 물이다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 고화처리의 한 방법으로 탈염화 반응을 통한 고화체제조 개념을 채택 하였다. 솔젤법을 이용하여 탈염화물질, SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5 (SAP)을 합성하였으며 이를 이용하여 탈염화 반 응거동 반응생성물의 고형화 특성을 조사하였다. LiCl계 폐기물과 달리, LiCl-KCl폐기물의 반응은 두 개 의 온도범위에서 반응이 진행되며, 400℃의 경우에는 LiCl이, 약 700℃에서는 KCl이 주로 반응하는 것으 로 확인되었다. 여러 가지 반응실험을 통하여 LiCl-KCl의 탈염화 반응에 가장 적합한 물질은 SAP 1071 (Si/Al/P=1/0.75/1 in molar)인 것으로 확인되었다. 4가지 종류의 고형화 실험을 통하여 고화체의 bulk shape과 densification은 SAP/Salt의 비에 영향 받는 것을 확인하였다. 제조된 고형화 시료는 Product Consistency Test-A법을 이용하여 기본적인 내구성을 평가하였다. 본 연구는 SiO2, Al2O3, P2O5 로 이루 어진 탈염화 물질을 이용하여 반응특성과 고형화 특성에 대한 기본적인 정보를 제공하였으며, 이와 같은 실험을 통하여, 본 연구에서 제안된 탈염화 고화처리방법이 휘발특성이 높고 기존 유리매질과 상용성이 낮은 금속염화물계 폐기물에 적용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

금속염화물계 방사성 폐기물은 전해공정으로 이루어진 파이로프로세싱공정의 주요한 방사성 폐기물이 다. 이와 같은 폐기물은 탄산염이나 질산염과 달리 고온에서 분해되지 않고 바로 휘발되며, 기존의 규산 계 유리와 상용성이 낮아 처리가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구팀은 금속염화물계 폐기물을 고화처리하는 방법으로 탈염화처리법을 채택하였다. 본 연구에서는 그 후속적인 연구로서, 탈염화물질로 제안된 SAP (SiO2- Al2O3-P2O5)의 조성을 변화시켜 LiCl-KCl과의 반응성을 향상시키고 고화공정을 단순화시키고자 하였다. 기본물질계에 Fe2O3를 첨가할 경우 무게반응비 SAP/Salt를 3에서 2.25로 낮출수 있으며, Fe가 Al을 치환 하는 몰분율이 0.1이상이 될 경우에는 오히려 반응성이 점진적으로 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 M-SAP에 B2O3를 첨가할 경우에는 유리매질을 사용하지 않고 monolithic form을 제조할 수 있었다. 침출 시험결과 U-SAP 1071이 가장 높은 내구성을 보여주었으며, 1 g의 금속폐기물을 처리시 약 3∼4 g의 고 화체가 발생되며, 이는 기존의 고화처리법보다 약 ⅓∼¼배정도 최종처분부피가 감소되는 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 이상의 실험결과로부터, 기존의 유리고화공정으로 처리가 어려운 휘발성 금속염화물계 폐기물 을 단 하나의 물질을 이용하여 처리할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 이러한 처리방법은 고화처리시 발생되는 부피를 최소화활 수 있는 대안적인 고화처리방법이 될 것으로 판단된다.

Nanopowders of and FeAl were fabricated by high energy ball milling. Dense 4.25 composite was simultaneously synthesized and consolidated by high frequency induction heated combustion method within 2 min from mechanically activated powders. Consolidation was accomplished under the combined effects of a induced current and mechanical pressure of 80 MPa.

High-energy mechanical milling (HEMM) and sintering into Al-Mg alloy melt were employed tofabricate an Al alloy matrix composite reinforced with submicron and micron sized Al2O3 particles. Al-basedmetal matrix composite (MMC) reinforced with submicron and micron sized Al2O3 particles was successfullyfabricated by sintering at 1000oC for 2h into Al-Mg alloy melt, which used high energy mechanical milled Al-SiO2-CuO-ZnO composite powders. Submicron/micron-sized Al2O3 particles and eutectic Si were formed by in situdisplacement reaction between Al, SiO2, CuO, and ZnO during sintering for 2h into Al-Mg alloy melt and werehomogeneously distributed in the Al-Si-(Zn, Cu) matrix. The refined grains and homogeneously distributedsubmicron/micron-sized Al2O3 particles had good interfacial adhesive, which gives good wear resistance withhigher hardness.

Nanostructured Cu-AlO composite powders were synthesized by thermochemical process. The synthesis procedures are 1) preparation of precursor powder by spray drying of solution made from water-soluble copper and aluminum nitrates, 2) air heat treatments to evaporate volatile components in the precursor powder and synthesis of nano-structured CuO + O, and 3) CuO reduction by hydrogen into pure Cu. The suggested procedures stimulated the formation of the gamma-AlO, and different alumina formation behaviors appeared with various heat treating temperatures. The mean particle size of the final Cu/AlO composite powders produced was 20 nm, and the electrical conductivity and hardness in the hot-extruded bulk were competitive with Cu/AlO composite by the conventional internal oxidation process

The composites fabricated by powder in sheath rolling method were cold-rolled by 50% reduction and annealed for 1.8 ks at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 50, for improvement of the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties and texture of the composites after rolling and annealing were investigated. The tensile strength of the composites increased significantly due to work hardening after cold rolling, however it decreased due to restoration after annealing. The strength of the composites was improved by thermo mechanical treatment. On the other hand, the texture evolution with annealing temperatures wa,i different between the unreinforced material and the composites. The unreinforced material showed a deformation (rolling) texture of which main component is ｛112｝<111> at annealing temperatures up to 30. However, the composites have already exhibited a recrystallization texture of which main component is ｛001｝<100> after annealing at 20. This proves that the critical temperature for recrystailization is lower in the composites than in the unreinforced ones.

Ni coated composite was successfully Prepared by the electroless deposition Process. The average size of Ni particles coated on the matrix powder was about 20 nm. It was hard to find any reaction compound as an impurity at interface between and Ni particles after sintering. The characterization of microstructure crystal structure and fracture behavior of the sintered body were investigated using XRD, TEM and Victors hardness tester, and compared with those of the sintered monolithic body. Many dislocations were observed in the Ni phase due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficient between and Ni phase, and no observed microcracks at their and Ni interface. In the /Ni composite, the main fracture mode showed a mixed fracture with intergranular and transgranuluar type having some ,surface roughness. The fracture toughness was slightly increased due to the plastic deformation mechanism of Ni phase in the /Ni composite.

The powder-in sheath rolling was applied to the fabrication of composite. A stainless steel tube with outer diameter of 12 mm and wall thickness of 1 mm was used as a sheath. Mixture of aluminum powder and particles of which volume content was varied from 5 to 20 vol.% was filled in the tube by tap filling and then rolled to 75% reduction at ambient temperature. The re]]ed specimen was sintered at 56 for 0.5 hr. The composite fabricated by the sheath rolling and subsequent sintering showed the relative density higher than 0.96. The tensile strength of the composite increased with the volume content of particles, and it reached a maximum of 90 MPa which is 1.5 times higher than unreinforced material. The elongation decreased with the volume content of particles. It is concluded that the powder-in sheath rolling is an effective method for fabrication of composite.

Hybrid ceramic particle reinforced 6061 and 5083 Al composite powders were prepared by the combination of twin rolling and stone mill crushing process, followed by consolidating processes of cold compaction, degassing and hot extrusion. The composite bar consists of lamellar structure of ceramic particle rich area and matrix area, in which the hybrid was decomposed into each TiC of about and particles of about in diameter. It also found that fine precipitates of about 30 nm were embedded in the matrix, which have grains of about 3 . Higher UTS was measured at the 5083 composite bar compared to the conventionally fabricated composite, due to again refinement effect by the rapid solidification. No particle was shown to form in the interface between the matrix and reinforcement, whereas carbon was diffused into the matrix.