For new construction, recently, it has expended from physical performance standard to completed apartment' blemish warranty and countermeasure strategy contents. And considering element technology is increasing remodeling’ easiness for deciding operation right or wrong the aged apartment’ re-construction or remodeling. In addition, international standardization of building performance makes rapid progress the point of ISO. In Japan, study of housing commission will be done on a national level for the long commission metropolitan gathering house construction and reproduction technical development, and, already, involving study of approval system of building element made progress. It set the goal performance log index of remodeling’ easiness, it set up component element between a part and public standard type in remodeling. In plan and design phase, it is a precondition that make the performance on the basis of user demand in the whole of Use, maintenance, repair, waste and reuse. Therefore, in the building technology case that development of element technology and practical use are fast in progress, a user is required to evaluate/choice according to performance. And a developer is required to the technical development that aim performance is cleared. The study selected a detailed item about performance item of re-modeling element technique through the requirement which the nations (such as America, England, Japan, etc) and the agencies of foreign countries present and item selection standard, from the point of view where the interest not only the individual but also govemmental politic viewpoint is coming to be higher re-modelling than new construction.

Earthquake is one of the hazard so hard to provide because it is difficult predicted occurred time, scale and characters. Neighbors which have damaged by earthquake look out for statement of damage, It is bigger than nation which has not prepared seismic code at ordinary time seismic damage which belong to loss of life. The earthquake in Kobe, Japan showed that the damages were concentrated on the buildings which were not considered to be protected from the earthquakes. Seismic code applied structures was small damaged but non applied structures was much damaged such as collapse and loss of life. In this study, apartment structures in Korea analyze about earthquake hazard and evaluate seismic performance. Through the this study we have notice of earthquake hazard for apartment structures which live a lot of population of Korea and suppose necessary for seismic retrofit.

The existing apartment supplied in large quantities in the 1970-80s has a problem of superannuation today. It is at a wornout management means. I can consider Build& and remodeling. However, in the case of remodeling, they are being social and an economical and environmental advantage. It can be said that it is better than Build&. Research of a book is research on a Remodeling ease evaluation system. Remodeling was realized by the technique and construction method which re-design based on the existing apartment，take in the component engineering, and improve the function and performance of a building. if it sees in a certain viewpoint, the development and spread of remodeling technology need to be managed like logical approach of the existing building where the remodeling fishing port planning division also gets, and is applied. The ease of remodeling is estimated by two sides. Remodeling Feasibility is evaluated by two aspects. The first is Macro Level Approach of Remodeling Feasibility Evaluation on a Apartment Complex, and The second is Micro Level Approach of Remodeling Feasibility on each housing part is evaluated about removal and dismandement.

This study aims to present the fundamental strategies for improving the Indoor Air Quality ( IAQ ) in newly unoccupied apartment units. The results of this study can be summarized as follows, The field survey of 160 newly unoccupied units with airtight doors and windows showed that the concentrations of HCHO and TVOC were higher than the standards. The emission rates of HCHO and TVOC were proportional to the height. The small chamber test of pollutant concentration for building materials showed that pollutants were emitted dominantly from the wood furnishings and adhesives.

The renovation project of an apartment building can be classified into four processes: ordering the project stage, planning stage, examination and judgment stage, design stage and construction stage. However, in the domestic renovation business, the project performance process has yet to be madε systematic by stage. Of the stages involved in renovation, the design stage is the one that involves very complex roles and business processes of those involved in the project, including the project manager, architect，resident and engineer. In particular, in the design stage, the insufficiency in the ability to utilize the input information by project participants and improper decision making cause various problems in the subsequent construction and ultimately make it difficult to accomplish a renovation project that fully satisfies the residents. Therefore, the design of renovation is a very important stage to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the project performance process as well as the recognition of the design management technology. For this purpose, we aim to analyze the information utilization process with focus on the input information at each stage of the design process. The information utilization process of this study is analyzed through the processes of input information, technical tools and output to establish a decision-making method for each design stage. The aim was to implement the project performance process for the general design management.

It is high that occupancy rate of apartment house in Korea, spite of short history of the using multiple dwelling house. So that, trouble and dispute occurs often on right or responsibility, liability and obligation about ownership, Utilization, maintenance. Especially in renovation project, the project progress held up in perception gap or conflict of interest with residents. These dispute in daily life and delay of project occurs ambiguous borderline or distinction of Common Used(Sharing) Parts) and Exclusive Possessed (Private) Parts. The law now in force is considered in this paper about theses item. Summarizing the conclusion is as below. 1) In the law now in force the literal meaning of a word, Exclusive Possessed (Private) Parts is expressed with concept of Ownership, But Common Used (Sharing) Parts is described with Utilization concept. But in calculation of floor area, complementary set of Private Parts is Sharing Parts. This is contradiction in logic and linguistic. 2) Although above, calculation base of Private Parts is inner line of exterior wall. This is unjustly defined. 3) Especially about balcony (in correct architectural vocabulary is veranda) subordinate law contradictits superordinate law. And in structural mechanics also, minute prescription is necessary about Private Parts and Sharing Parts.

A standard RC apartment structure was analysed using commercial structural analysis program MIDAS. The effects of TLD were considered by equivalent tuned mass damper model and harmonic load of wmch frequency was identical to that of the RC structure and artificial earthquake loads generated accroding to the design spectrum in KBC2005 were used as excitation loads. TLD showed maximally 70% reduction of peak/RMS relative displacement, interstory drift, acceleration, and story shear induced by harmonic load while it reduced about 20~28% of those structural responses excluding absolute acceleration induced by artificial earthquake loads.

The vascular plants of the studied area in this site was listed as 231 taxa; 68 families , 166 genera, 202 species, 26 varieties, 2 forms and 1 cultivar. Naturalized plants was listed as 22 taxa; 9 families , 17 genera , 20 species , 2 varieties and naturalization rate was 9.5% of all 231 taxa vasccular plants. The planted plant in this site were recorded 23 taxa (Ginkgo biloba，Cerdrus deodara, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Pseudosasa japonica, Salix preudolasiogyne, Magnolia denudata, Eucommia ulmoides，Hibiscus syriacu，etc.) and cultivated plants were recorded 26 taxa (Sorghum bicolor, Colocasia antiquorum var‘ esculenta, Spinada oleracea, Ridnus communis, Malva verticillata, Solanum tuberosum, Cucumis sativus, Chrysanthemum coronarium ver. spatiosun. The plants community of this site were classified to 6 communities, they were Pinus densif]ora community. Castanea crenata community. Robinia pseudoacada community. Phyllostachys bambusoides community. Pinus rigida community. Quercus acutissima community.

This study was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aldehydes emission as a function of airtight time in new apartment. Sampling was undertaken at 34 new apartments located in 4 different cities of Korea from February to November 2005. The measurement data were collected every one hour from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. toward increasing airtight time in a day. The concentrations of VOCs and aldehydes were analysed by GC/MS and HPLC method, respectively. These methods showed good sensitivity, linearity, and repeatability. In this study, the most abundant compounds at new apartments appeared to be toluene, m,p-xylene, formaldehyde and acetone. Moreover, the concentration variations at a closed rooms progressively increased by airtight time of 5 hours. Airtight time of new apartment was a most important and affective factor which influenced concentration change.

For indoor air quality at a newly built apartment before move-in, we monitored formaldehyde and VOCs and assessed human exposure and probabilistic health risk. We selected 801 newly built apartments all over the country. The results of the research on the condition show the mean concentrations of formaldehyde 294 ㎍/㎥, 210(median) 1497㎍/㎥(maximum), benzene 6㎍/㎥, (4 and 92㎍/㎥), toluene 1003㎍/㎥(773 and 5013 ㎍/㎥), ethylbenzene 120㎍/㎥, (62 and 1192㎍/㎥), xylene 287㎍/㎥(138 and 2723㎍/㎥) and styrene 64㎍/㎥, (42 and 531㎍/㎥). Formaldehyde from carcinogen and toluene and xylene from non-carcinogen were assessed the risk for human health. The excess cancer risk of formaldehyde for human beings between carcinogens is per 1.36 of average 1000 persons. This implies that it is over a level per 1.00 of 1000 persons demanding active risk reduction. Hence, we strongly need the active reduction plan and accurate source assumption. Among a variety of factors affecting indoor air quality for householders, closing construction or density of indoor air processing additional interior construction and indoor area, indoor air quality with a variety of districts show significant. The excess cancer risk for human beings of formaldehyde between carcinogens is per 1.36 of average 1000 persons. Non-carcinogen toxicity rate for human-beings with toluene and xylene among non-carcinogens is over HQ 1 from Seoul to local area.

아파트의 온돌 바닥판은 콘크리트 바닥판위에 경량기포 모르타르, 완충재, 마감 모르터가 복층으로 시공되어 콘크리트 바닥판 상부의 시공방법 및 재료에 의한 구조적 거동에 대한 영향이 다르게 나타난다. 따라서 보다 합리적인 아파트의 콘크리트 적층 바닥판의 진동평가를 위해서는 시공방법 및 재료를 고려한 새로운 개선된 진동핵석 모델이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 실제아파트의 적층으로 시공된 콘크리트 바닥판에 대한 보다 합리적인 진동해석 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

This paper is concerned with the natural periods of ambient vibration and eigenvalue analysis. Ambient vibration tests were conducted to four bearing-wall reinforced concrete buildings ranging from twelve to nineteen stories. The performance of modeling in eigenvalue analysis was investigated using consideration of rigidity out of the plane in the slab and the non-structural bearing wall. Measured natural period was also compared with the value by the KBC2005. Natural period of the short direction in eigenvalue analysis is well fitted with the measured one. In the other hand, Natural period of the long direction in eigenvalue analysis is slightly more overestimated than the measured one. Natural period of the long direction in eigenvalue analysis was found to be enhanced by considering the effect of the stiffness out of the plane of the slab and non-structural wall in the structural modeling.

Building materials are composed of very complex chemical compounds. The aims of this paper are to investigate the emission concentrations of indoor pollutants from new apartment house and the emission variation patterns during 75 days. The average value of total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) concentration was 3,768 ㎍/㎥ in five new apartments. Major VOCs included toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene. The average concentrations of each compound were measured as : benzene(58㎍/㎥), toluene (793㎍/㎥), ethylbenzene(438㎍/㎥), styrene(79㎍/㎥), m,p-xylene(1,210㎍/㎥), o-xylene(364㎍/㎥). The results indicated that the major VOCs from the new apartment were affected by building products such as on aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. TVOCs emission are characterized as high emission level at initial time (12,856㎍/㎥) and decreased through time. After a lapse of 75 days in sample house, TVOCs concentration decreased in about 20 times as compared with the initial concentration. The TVOCs emission profiles strongly depended on the generation mode and the concentration of the VOCs in building material.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of aldehydes from new apartments in three cities(Suncheon, Yeosu, and Gwangyang) of Chonnam region. The target apartments were within 3 months after the completion of construction. Aldehydes were sampled using 2,4-DNPH cartridge and analyzed by HPLC. Temperature and relative humidity were monitored continuously every one minute by digital temperature and hygrometer. As the concentration ratio of formaldehyde between back-up and front cartridge was 3.94 6.97%, the 2,4-DNPH cartridge method satisfied a breakthrough problem for the sample collection. The repeatability of retention time and peak area for HPLC were excellent as 0.5 and 1.5%, respectively. The upper floor of S apartment (16 pyong) showed the highest concentration of formaldehyde as 1,093㎍/㎥. The average concentration of formaldehyde was the highest in K apartment(52 pyong) as 1,045㎍/㎥. The average concentration of formaldehyde in S apartment(16 pyong) and C apartment(25 pyong) were 872.6㎍/㎥ and 737.5㎍/㎥, respectively. The I/O ratios of formaldehyde were 56.9 60.0(mean : 59.1), 37.9 43.3(mean : 39.8) and 18.3 29.3(mean : 23.3) in K, C and S apartment, respectively. Therefore, it is believed that the indoor concentration of formaldehyde was very serious in new apartment. From these results, it is important that building material which emit low indoor pollutant should be selected for new apartments. In addition, management program for indoor air, such as using an adequate amount of adhesives, should be considered and indoor optimum condition should be maintained in new apartments.

이 논문은 풍동실험 결과를 토대로 고층아파트 건축물의 풍압분포에 대한 내용을 다루고 있다. 태풍에 의해 창유리 파손을 입은 아파트 단지의 풍압모형을 제작하여 각 건축물의 상호간섭효과를 조사하였다. 풍동실험은 풍압모형을 이용하여 대형경계 층풍동에서 수행하였다. 간섭하는 주변건물의 여부에 따른 실험결과를 비교하고 검토하였다. 주변건물이 없어서 바람을 직접 맞을 때에는 105동, 106동은 주로 정압이 작용하였지만, 주변건물이 둘러싸고 있을 때의 105동, 106동은 큰 부압이 작용하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 고층아파트 외장재 설계시 외장재의 안전성 확보를 위해서는 풍동실험을 수행하여 바람에 의해 야기되는 상호간섭효과를 고려하는 것이 가장 적합한 방법이라 할 수 있다.

Earthquake resistance design has been developed many countries like Japan, USA, Mexico, New Zealand etc., which countries have experienced many earthquakes. Nowadays, earthquake resistance design has come into worldwide use. In Korea, the seismic design regulations have been established since 1988 in order to minimize the economic losses. Recently performance based design method has been adopted as a new Earthquake resistance design method. These regulations, however, are targeted for newly constructed buildings, In Korea, there are no regulations for existing buildings that built before 1988. So, we need to prepare the regulations that evaluate the seismic performance, furthermore proper retrofitting design guideline needs to be proposed when remodeling old buildings. This study was performed that many existing apartments is being a Remodeling object when considering the present condition of existing apartment and the problerns of cost and environment in the future plan. When Remodeling construction is reviewed by former the Seismic Performance Evaluation Method, generating problems is evaluation by using Push-over. According to this, it provides the appropriate method of calculating the Seismic Performance Index.

Since the beginning of our military history, we are continuously interested in supplying apartment for military officers. So we possessed 72,361 households and used in 2002. however, 18% of those are over 20years and need to be remodeled. Department of Military has taken this fact seriously to solve the problems, they built more new buildings, rent public buildings and remodeled the old one. But, The procedure of present military apartment remodeling has many problems at the stage of evaluating the priorities in various remodeling projects which have been caused from lots of corps. I’ve reviewed the study of military apartment business and applied the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method which is effective to evaluate the priorities in various groups’ decision.

This paper presents the results of experimental investigations on the response control performance of tuned liquid damper(TLD). Steel frame building model is used for the experiments. Shaking table is controled by velocity consol. Experimental variables are mass ratios(u=mass of TLD/mass of structure), shape ratio(depth of water/ length of TLD), number of nets(N) and tuned frequency ratio(fl/fs). Results show that the greater the mass ratio is, the more good the control performance is. So, it can be concluded that TLD is able to be used for the remodeling of existing buildings that are not designed to resist earthquake