United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) specifies regulations on obtaining licenses and describes the technical position on the average waste concentration, also known as Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation Branch Technical Position (CA BTP); CA BTP helps classify blendable waste and discrete items and address concentration averaging. The technical position details are reviewed and compared in a real environment in Korea. A few cases of concentration averaging based on the application of CA BTP to domestic radioactive waste are presented, and the feasibility of the application is assessed. The radioactive waste considered herein does not satisfy the Disposal Concentration Limit (DCL) of the second-phase disposal facility while applying the preliminary classification. However, if CA BTP is applied when the radioactive waste is mixed with other radioactive waste items in a large and heavy container, it can be disposed of at the second-phase disposal facility in Gyeongju Repository. To apply the CA BTP of the U.S. NRC, it is necessary to investigate the safety assessment conditions of the US and Korea.

This study was aimed to isolate bacterial inoculants producing chitinase and evaluate their application effects on corn silage. Four corn silages were collected from four beef cattle farms to serve as the sources of bacterial inoculants. All isolates were tested against Fusarium graminearum head blight fungus MHGNU F132 to confirm their antifungal effects. The enzyme activities (carboxylesterase and chitinase) were also measured to isolate the bacterial inoculant. Based on the activities of anti-head blight fungus, carboxylesterase, and chitinase, L. buchneri L11-1 and L. paracasei L9-3 were subjected to silage production. Corn forage (cv. Gwangpyeongok) was ensiled into a 10 L mini silo (5 kg) in quadruplication for 90 days. A 2 × 2 factorial design consists of F. graminearum contamination at 1.0104 cfu/g (UCT (no contamination) vs. CT (contamination)) and inoculant application at 2.1 × 105 cfu/g (CON (no inoculant) vs. INO (inoculant)) used in this study. After 90 days of ensiling, the contents of CP, NDF, and ADF increased (p<0.05) by F. graminearum contamination, while IVDMD, acetate, and aerobic stability decreased (p<0.05). Meanwhile, aerobic stability decreased (p<0.05) by inoculant application. There were interaction effects (p<0.05) on IVNDFD, NH3-N, LAB, and yeast, which were highest in UCT-INO, UCT-CON, CT-INO, and CT-CON & INO, respectively. In conclusion, this study found that mold contamination could negatively impact silage quality, but isolated inoculants had limited effects on IVNDFD and yeast.

The metal bush assembling process is a process of inserting and compressing a metal bush that serves to reduce the occurrence of noise and stable compression in the rotating section. In the metal bush assembly process, the head diameter defect and placement defect of the metal bush occur due to metal bush omission, non-pressing, and poor press-fitting. Among these causes of defects, it is intended to prevent defects due to omission of the metal bush by using signals from sensors attached to the facility. In particular, a metal bush omission is predicted through various data mining techniques using left load cell value, right load cell value, current, and voltage as independent variables. In the case of metal bush omission defect, it is difficult to get defect data, resulting in data imbalance. Data imbalance refers to a case where there is a large difference in the number of data belonging to each class, which can be a problem when performing classification prediction. In order to solve the problem caused by data imbalance, oversampling and composite sampling techniques were applied in this study. In addition, simulated annealing was applied for optimization of parameters related to sampling and hyper-parameters of data mining techniques used for bush omission prediction. In this study, the metal bush omission was predicted using the actual data of M manufacturing company, and the classification performance was examined. All applied techniques showed excellent results, and in particular, the proposed methods, the method of mixing Random Forest and SA, and the method of mixing MLP and SA, showed better results.

A 14-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu presented with acute hemorrhagic vomiting. The initial medical records indicated a probable diagnosis of acute gastritis due to inappropriate food intake. Although gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy was the preferred diagnostic approach, the client declined anesthesia because of the dog’s underlying heart condition. Therefore, we opted for anesthesia-free capsule endoscopy. The procedure identified severe gastritis with no detectable abnormalities in the other GI regions. Following diagnosis, dietary modifications and omeprazole treatment were initiated, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms. Follow- up capsule endoscopy 3 weeks later verified a significant improvement in gastritis. This case highlights the potential of capsule endoscopy as a valuable diagnostic tool in patients presenting with acute vomiting.

Currently, the current status of mobile apps in traditional markets is still passive in digitalization, and services provided using mobile apps are limited. This study aims to propose a cloud platform-based mobile platform that can overcome digital transformation, strengthen the competitiveness of traditional markets, and revitalize the local economy by more consumers visiting traditional markets. This study identified the current situation and problems of the market due to its characteristics, and analyzed the impact and opportunities of cloud and mobile technology on the characteristic market. It also implemented a cloud-based smart traditional market mobile platform prototype. The platform combines the advantages of traditional markets with digital benefits to deliver value to all users, social, industrial, I hope it will be of great help on the social side.

Recently, carbon composites have been applied to various fields. However, carbon composites have not been applied to the fishing vessel field due to its structure standards centered on glass composites. In this study, a structural strength evaluation study was conducted for the application of carbon composites in the fishing vessel field. Hull minimum thickness verification test and hull joint verification test were conducted. Compared to glass composites, the verification was based on equivalent or better performance. The results show that carbon composites can reduce the weight by 20% compared to glass composites. For hull joints, it was necessary to increase the thickness of the joint seam by the thickness of the hull to apply carbon composite. Through this study, a standard for the application of carbon composites to fishing vessel can be established.

『개자원화전』은 일반 독자층을 대상으로 미술서적으로 중 국고대 화가와 화공(畫工)의 화법(畫法), 화론(畫論), 도보(圖譜) 를 편집하고 있다. 역대 화가들의 진문적인 내용을 비전공인(非 傳功人)이나 일반 독자들도 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 풀어쓴 교 양 도서의 하나이다. 이는 전통 중국 그림의 언어 부호의 탄생과 성숙을 기록하고 있다. 이는 중국회화의 발전 과정으로 광범위한 확산을 가져왔 다. 또한 전통화화의 부호 시스템의 발전을 촉진하였고, 아울러 문학과 미학의 범주에서 포괄적인 구현이었다. 본 연구는 『개자원화전·매보』에서 출발하여 화법과 부호학 의 측면에서 그들의 부호 표현을 분석하였다. 또한 그 배후의 예술적 특징을 함축하여 서술하였으며 현대의 전통 회하 창작 과 전통 문화 정신에 대해 기술하였다.

With the increasing number of aging buildings across Korea, emerging maintenance technologies have surged. One such technology is the non-contact detection of concrete cracks via thermal images. This study aims to develop a technique that can accurately predict the depth of a crack by analyzing the temperature difference between the crack part and the normal part in the thermal image of the concrete. The research obtained temperature data through thermal imaging experiments and constructed a big data set including outdoor variables such as air temperature, illumination, and humidity that can influence temperature differences. Based on the collected data, the team designed an algorithm for learning and predicting the crack depth using machine learning. Initially, standardized crack specimens were used in experiments, and the big data was updated by specimens similar to actual cracks. Finally, a crack depth prediction technology was implemented using five regression analysis algorithms for approximately 24,000 data points. To confirm the practicality of the development technique, crack simulators with various shapes were added to the study.

This study proposes a methodology for assessing seismic liquefaction hazard by implementing high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) ground models with high-density/high-precision site investigation data acquired in an area of interest, which would be linked to geotechnical numerical analysis tools. It is possible to estimate the vulnerability of earthquake-induced geotechnical phenomena (ground motion amplification, liquefaction, landslide, etc.) and their triggering complex disasters across an area for urban development with several stages of high-density datasets. In this study, the spatial-ground models for city development were built with a 3D high-precision grid of 5 m x 5 m x 1 m by applying geostatistic methods. Finally, after comparing each prediction error, the geotechnical model from the Gaussian sequential simulation is selected to assess earthquake-induced geotechnical hazards. In particular, with seven independent input earthquake motions, liquefaction analysis with finite element analyses and hazard mappings with LPI and LSN are performed reliably based on the spatial geotechnical models in the study area. Furthermore, various phenomena and parameters, including settlement in the city planning area, are assessed in terms of geotechnical vulnerability also based on the high-resolution spatial-ground modeling. This case study on the high-precision 3D ground model-based zonations in the area of interest verifies the usefulness in assessing spatially earthquake-induced hazards and geotechnical vulnerability and their decision-making support.

소형 곤충으로 좁은 틈새에 있는 총채벌레는 종종 살충제 살포에 노출되기 어렵다. 이에 접촉페로몬을 처리하여 은둔행동을 막으려는 행동 교란 방제 전략을 세웠다. 꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis)에서 밝혀진 접촉페로몬은 7-methyltricosane (7TM)으로 본 연구에서는 먹이에 이 물질을 처리하여 행동 교란 유무를 생물검정하였다. 이 접촉페로몬은 유충에게 영향을 주지 않았지만 수컷 성충으로 하여금 처리된 먹 이로부터 회피하려는 행동을 유발하였다. 반면에 암컷 성충에게는 오히려 7TM이 처리된 지역으로 이동하는 행동을 유발하였다. 동일한 접촉페 로몬에 대해서 대만총채벌레(Frankliniella intonsa)에서도 유사한 행동 변화가 관찰되었다. 이러한 7TM에 기인한 총채벌레의 행동 변화를 살충 제 처리와 연결하여 고추를 가해하는 총채벌레류를 대상으로 방제효과를 검정하였다. 스피네토람 살충제 단독 처리에 비해 7TM과 혼합하여 처 리하면 총채벌레류 방제효율이 증가하였다. 흥미로운 점은 7TM 단독 처리로도 대만총채벌레 밀도에 일부 감소 효과를 보여 이 물질이 총채벌레 의 행동교란을 주는 것을 뒤받침하였다. 본 연구는 접촉페로몬 처리로 총채벌레의 살충제 회피 행동을 줄여 방제효과를 높인 새로운 해충방제기 술을 제시한다.

This study utilized the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) to examine usage intentions associated with virtual fitting services. Six independent variables were examined: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and habit. The study collected responses from 445 participants who had utilized virtual fitting services. Regarding factors related to usage intentions associated with these services, performance expectancy and social influence were found to significantly influence the usage intentions associated with photo-based virtual fitting services. Furthermore, performance expectancy, social influence, and habit significantly influenced the usage intention of avatar-based virtual fitting services. This suggests that higher levels of performance expectancy and social influence positively impact the usage intentions associated with both types of virtual fitting services, while habit influences only avatar-based virtual fitting services. Moreover, the findings confirm that effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation from UTAUT2 do not significantly influence usage intentions associated with virtual fitting services. By analyzing factors influencing potential customers’ virtual fitting service usage intentions, this study can suggest effective strategies to increase usage intentions for companies providing virtual fitting services. Additionally, these findings can be utilized in the formulation of virtual fitting service marketing strategies.

본 연구는 필라테스 리더-멤버 간의 교환관계(TMX)가 직무성과에 미치는 영향관계를 밝히고 자 2023년 4월 1일~7월 12일까지 커플자료 82팀(164명 : 리더 82명, 멤버 82명)을 편의표본 추출하여 다 음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 자기효과는 리더 교환관계가 높을수록 리더 직무성과도 높아지는 것 으로 나타났고, 상대방 효과는 멤버 교환관계가 높을수록 리더 직무성과도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘 째, 상대방효과는 리더 교환관계가 높을수록 멤버 직무성과도 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 자기효과는 멤 버 교환관계가 높을수록 멤버 직무성과도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 상호적 관계가 의존적 관계로 이어진다는 점에서 교환관계(TMX)에 대한 시스템적 요구가 반영된 결과라 볼 수 있다.

As the average temperature on Earth increases due to global climate change, crops are further needed to overcome this issue. Since sweet potato has high yield potential, can grow in harsh environments, and contains abundant nutrients, it is a potential substitute food in response to environmental crises. Compared to grains such as rice and barley, sweet potato has a lower glycemic load and contains various natural antioxidants, showing a variety of physiological functions. Thus, sweet potato is in the spotlight as a healthy food. Although domestic sweet potato production continued to decrease from 1990 to 2010, its production was maintained or slightly increased until 2020 due to the changes in consumers’ dietary habits that emphasize health. In this regard, steamed or roasted sweet potatoes were consumed as a snack substitute in the previous eating form. Furthermore, sweet potato starch has been used in various industries, including food. Therefore, this study intends to discuss the value of sweet potatoes as food, the production trend and cultivation method of sweet potatoes in South Korea, and the industrial application of sweet potatoes.

PURPOSES : In this study, we aimed to evaluate the transition temperature (Tt) of asphalt binders using molecular dynamics simulations, which can provide a more accurate assessment of the mechanical properties of a material at the molecular level and can be applied to material development and design. METHODS : Unlike conventional macro- or meso-level simulations, we utilized MD simulations to evaluate the Tg of asphalt binders based on material composition and aging degree as input variables. In this analysis, 11 temperatures ranging from 434 K to 233 K at 20 K intervals were utilized, and the bulk volume and density were calculated through MD simulations. RESULTS : The MD simulation successfully predicted the Tg of the asphalt binder, and the molecular-level properties and interactions determined in this study can be applied not only to material development but also to the determination of constitutive equations or contact models used in continuum mechanics or discrete element methods. The calculated Tg was slightly different depending on the aging of the asphalt binder; however, it was found to accurately reflect the transitional characteristics. CONCLUSIONS : This study demonstrated the potential of MD simulations as valuable tools for material development and design in the construction industry. The results indicate that the use of MD simulations can lead to more accurate and efficient material development and design by providing a more detailed understanding of material properties and interactions at the molecular level.

본 연구에서는 육계사에 차열 페인트와 히트펌프의 적용에 따른 내부 온도 변화를 분석 하였다. 이를 위하여 환기율, 환기 방법, 시간별 환기 변화에 따른 실험 조건을 설정하였으며 육 계사 외부 및 내부 기온을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 차열 페인트를 도포한 육계사에서는 최대 1－2°C 실내 기온 상승을 억제하 는 효과가 나타났으며 히트펌프를 가동한 육계사에서는 외기 온도의 영향을 제일 적게 받는 환기율 0%일 때 내부 기온 감소 가 제일 크게 나타났다. 계사 내부의 온도가 외기 온도보다 높 을 경우에는 환기율을 높게 설정하여 환기팬을 이용한 냉방이 더욱 효과적이나 계사 내부 온도가 외기 온도와 유사하거나 낮을 경우에는 히트펌프를 이용하는 것이 가장 효과적일 것으 로 판단된다. 히트펌프 가동 시 외기 온도의 영향이 적은 환기 율을 0%로 설정하였을 때 내부 기온이 가장 큰 폭으로 감소하 였으나 실제 육계사에서는 분진, 이물질, 암모니아 등을 고려 하여 최소환기율 정도로 환기율을 설정한 후 히트펌프를 가동 하는 것이 가장 효율적일 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 실험 기 간이 짧아 데이터가 많지 않으며 실제 육계가 사육되고 있는 환경에서 실험을 진행한 것이 아니라는 한계가 있다. 향후 후 속 연구로 실제 닭이 사육되고 있는 환경에서의 히트펌프 효 과 분석과 히트펌프의 전력사용량, 냉방부하, 환기팬 가동시 간 등 다양한 환경인자를 포함한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으 로 판단된다.

본 연구의 목적은 코칭역량을 향상하기 위해, 코칭의 핵심코칭역량과 게슈탈 트 이론을 탐색함으로 게슈탈트 코칭의 긍정적인 측면과 함께 그 프로세스를 제 안하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 문헌 연구를 통하여 ICF에서 제시하는 전문코치의 8가지 핵심코칭역량을 살펴보며 게슈탈트의 핵심개념과 연결성을 탐색하고자 한다. 그리고 두 이론을 통합한 게슈탈트 코칭의 프로세스로 PRESENT 단계를 제안하고 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 게슈탈트 코칭의 PRESENT 단계는, P(현상학적 장), R (실재), E(힘 북돋우기), S(자발적 관계), E(마주하기), N(필요한 접촉), T(변화) 의 총 7단계로 볼 수 있다. 이것은 효과적인 코칭을 위한 코치와 고객의 수평적 관계를 형성하고, 코치의 의사소통 역량을 개발하며, 고객의 변화를 위해 실행 에 옮기는 행동을 추구하고, 지금-여기에서의 현상학적 경험을 통한 고객의 잠 재력을 개발하는데 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 상담이론으로서 게슈탈트와 코칭 이론을 통합적으로 살펴보면서 학제 간 연구를 통하여 코칭역량의 학문적인 발전에 기여하고 코치가 현장에서 게슈탈트 코칭을 적용하는데 의의가 있다.

중앙해양안전심판원은 제2018-022호 (2018. 12. 27 재결)의 카페리 여객선과 어선의 충돌사건에서 사고발생 수역을 협수로로 보지 않고서, 카페리 여객선 측의 선원의 상무의무와 경계의무 위반을 이유로 하여 카페리 여객선의 선장에 대하여 해기사 업무를 2개월 정지하고, 6개월간 징계의 집행을 유예하였으며, 21시간의 직무교육을 명하였다. 상대선박인 어선의 선장에게는 시정만을 권고하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 중해심의 재결의 태도에 대하여 평석을 위주로 하여 재해 석을 하면서 협수로에서의 특별항법 적용범위에 관하여 연구하였다. 그 연구결 과는 다음과 같다. 우선 해당수역은 협수로이다. 이는 해당 수역의 가항수역의 폭이 0.5-0.6마일 이라는 점, 여객선의 길이의 16배에 가항수역의 폭이 미치지 못하는 점, 사고 당시의 해당수역의 해양기상조건의 특이성은 발견되지 않는 점, 법원의 판례와 기존 해심의 재결의 태도 등을 종합해 보았을 경우에 협수로로 판단하는 것이 맞다. 법적 안정성과 예견가능성을 위한 일관된 해석의 필요성이 요청되는 해 석의 결과이다. 다음으로 해당수역에서의 적용항법과 인과관계에 대하여 연구한 결과는 다 음과 같다. 우선 해당수역은 협수로이므로 협수로에서의 특별항법이 최우선으로 적용된 다. 따라서 어선측은 가장 중요한 우측통항의무와 통항불방해의무를 위반하였 다. 이러한 의무위반과정에서 소형선박으로서 상대선박을 발견하여 침로를 변 경하거나 기적이나 사이렌소리를 울리는 등의 충돌회피동작을 전혀 하지 않았다. 카페리여객선 측의 횡단금지의무위반은 정침하기 위하여 좌현변침 중인 상 황이었기 때문에 상대 선박인 어선을 횡단해서 항해하려는 고의는 확인되지 않 는다. 이 점 때문에 확실하게 횡단금지의무를 위반하였다고 판단하기는 힘들다. 다음으로 일반항법인 횡단항법과 선원의 상무는 보충적으로 적용될 수는 있 지만 본 재결사례에서는 적용되지 않는다. 양 선박이 모두 특별항법인 협수로 에서의 항법을 위반하였다는 등의 특수한 정황이 발견되지 않기 때문이다. 마지막으로 인과관계 판단은 선행적 인과관계 판단을 거친 이후에 최종적인 법률상의 인과관계 판단을 하게 된다. 이러한 최종적인 인과관계판단의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1순위 : 협수로 내에서의 어선 측의 경계의무 등을 행하지 않고 항해한 일방 적인 우측통항의무원칙 위반 (100%) → 2순위 : 협수로 내에서의 항해 중인 일 반동력선인 어선 측의 길이 20미터 미만선박으로서 타 선박 통항방해 금지의무 위반 (100%) → 3순위 : 협수로 내에서의 여객선 측의 횡단금지의무 위반 (60%). 결론적으로, 중해심의 재결태도에는 문제가 있다고 보여 진다.

Measuring service quality and related key dimensions has been an important problem in Marketing. In this research, we would introduce a smart methodological framework to efficiently identify refined, key sentiment dimensions for measuring the service quality using both traditional survey and unstructured online reviews (natural survey). The proposed framework consists of three parts: (1) steps for preprocessing the unstructured reviews to generate attribute-level sentiments for independent variables (2) Bayesian regression to efficiently identify key groups of correlated attributes and (3) post-hoc analysis for identifying dimensions from the selected groups of correlated attributes and predicting dimension-level effects. Note, the first part of the framework (i.e., preprocessing) is not required for analyzing traditional surveys. Our framework provides two sets of complementing results such as attribute-level effects under the identified dimensions and aggregate dimension-level effects. In the first application study to traditional SERVQUAL data, we successfully validated the proposed framework by comparing the results between our framework and three commonly used existing methods of regression, lasso regression, and factor analysis. In the second empirical application study with the online reviews from a major game review website, STEAM platform, we found that our framework provided a significantly reduced number of key dimensions which were surprisingly efficient for predicting and explaining the service quality ratings, compared with the same set of compared methods in the first study plus the topic model. In particular, with reviews of 2,825 games, three key dimensions of Mechanical playability, Fun in fantasy and Money for value were identified, and we also found that the Mechanical playability could be an important driver of game popularity.

Commercial condom advertisements usually emphasize the sexual pleasure of branded products, which leads to controversial public views. Some people agree that commercial condom advertisements can also benefit public health, whereas others disapprove of such commercial condom advertisements because their contents are usually offensive, low-tasted, and pornographic. Despite controversy over commercial condom advertising, we know little about the spillover effect of commercial condom advertisement. On one hand, sexual-related content in the commercial condom advertisement may have an arousal effect. That is, it can evoke sexual arousal, leading to more sex intercourses. More frequent sex behaviors, especially casual sex behaviors, may then lead to a risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). On the other hand, commercial condom advertisements may have an educational effect. That is, it can persuade people to use condoms, helping people get in the habit of using condoms, thus reducing the STD trends. In the short term when condom commercials are aired, the arousal effect and educating effect coexists, which motivates the net short-term effect as an open empirical question. In the long-term when the condom commercial no longer aired, the educating effect remains, which decreases the STD trends.

How to shifting consumer behavior to be more sustainable has been a hot research topic. The COVID-19 Pandemic has ignited this since consumers pay more attention to sustainability issues. Sustainability application (app) has been a promising way to connect individuals and provide information to promote a habit of sustainable consumption. The use of these apps to facilitate sustainable consumption has been a recent research focus. The strategy to encouraging app adoption is a research priority identified in a synthesized literature review of prior studies on mobile app marketing. As such, it is imperative to understand how to design sustainability apps to motivate consumers to facilitate app use intention. Attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) model is one commonly used motivational design model, which has been applied to mobile learning systems to examine gamification design. The four factors of ARCS correspond to different strategies to increase users’ motivation to use the app. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop an ARCS motivational model for sustainability apps. A simulated gamified sustainability app was utilized with the aim of reducing carbon footprint. A market research firm was contracted to collect data by using an online questionnaire. Respondents were shown the pictures and functions of the app including the interface of the app, carbon footprint status, the leaderboard of carbon emissions in the community, shop, personal profile and then answered questions. 346 usable questionnaires were obtained. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.