The purpose of this study has a purpose to evaluate shear ability, ductility and energy dissertation of specimens that is to be applied to jacket using wrapping method. The experiments was conducted as a condition that simultaneously applied axial load and transverse force. The results of experiments represent story-displacement ratio, the stiffness, energy dissertation, plastic rotation which mean seismic resistance ablity on structure. And It represents the form of crack ditribution and failure in extreme stages. Based on the results of this experiment, Design examples are given to show the performance evaluation for the column reinforcing of old school buildings using nonlinear analysis is going to be conducted. Therefore, it is possible to apply the seismic retrofit method to public facilities.

다가구주택 필로티기둥은 전이구조 형식으로 되어 있어 지진하중에 대하여 전단파괴가 발생하기 쉽다. 이에 따라 내 진설계기준은 강화되고 있지만 이전에 지어진 건축물의 경우 내진보강이 필요한 실정이다. 하지만 기존 습식 공법의 경우 시간 적, 경제적 부담이 크기 때문에 내진보강이 잘 이루어지지 않는다. 따라서 모서리앵글과 CN복합섬유패널을 활용하여 DIY 시공 이 가능한 전단보강공법을 제안하고자 하며 본 실험에서 CN복합섬유패널의 전단성능을 평가하고자 한다. 볼트 연단거리 및 앵 글의 재질을 변수로 설정하여 실험한 결과, 볼트 연단거리가 가까울수록 각형띠판 래티스기둥의 전단내력이 증진되는 것을 확 인하였으며 슬리브 볼트는 고장력 볼트에 비하여 현저히 내력이 저하되어 CN복합섬유패널을 평가하기가 어려웠다. 또한, 알루 미늄앵글은 강재앵글에 비하여 내력은 낮지만 연성능력이 좋은 것으로 평가되었고, 강재앵글은 상대적으로 강성이 크기 때문에 CN복합섬유패널에 주는 영향이 미미한 것을 확인하였다. 이를 실용화하기 위해서 구체적으로 앵글의 크기와 볼트 연단거리를 변수로 설정하여 실험을 수행해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, we fabricate a thin- and dense-BCuP-5 coating layer, one of the switching device multilayers, through a plasma spray process. In addition, the microstructure and macroscopic properties of the coating layer, such as hardness and bond strength, are investigated. Both the initial powder feedstock and plasma-sprayed BCuP-5 coating layer show the main Cu phase, Cu-Ag-Cu3P ternary phases, and Ag phase. This means that microstructural degradation does not occur during plasma spraying. The Vickers hardness of the coating layer was measured as 117.0 HV, indicating that the fine distribution of the three phases enables the excellent mechanical properties of the plasma-sprayed BCuP-5 coating layer. The pull-off strength of the plasma-sprayed BCuP-5 coating layer is measured as 16.5 kg/cm2. Based on the above findings, the applicability of plasma spray for the fabrication process of low-cost multi-layered electronic contact materials is discussed and suggested.

최근 국내 구조물들의 노후화가 진행됨에 따라 구조물 보강과 관련된 연구에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. FRP보강은 노후화가 진행되어 성능이 저하된 구조물을 보강하는데 사용되며 주로 유리섬유를 사용한다. 그러나 이 유리섬유는 환경적 재 활용의 문제점이 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 친환경적이고 내열성이 우수한 현무암 섬유를 활용한 휨 보강 플레이트 적용방법과 기존 FRP 외부부착의 문제점을 해소하기 위하여 연성 코팅용 보강페인트를 활용한 휨 보강 페인팅 적용방법을 통하여 각각의 경우에 대한 3점 휨 시험을 통하여 보강성능을 평가, 비교하였다. 그 결과 BFRP 보강의 경우 무보강 시험체에 비하여 약 1.2배 높은 강성 값을 나타내었고 콘크리트-BFRP 계면 부착력에 의한 연성효과도 나타났다. 반면 연성 코팅 보강페인팅 적용을 통한 휨 보강의 경우, 무보강 시험체에 비하여 약간의 개선효과는 나타났으나 실험체 제작의 오차 등을 고려할 때 실질적인 보강효과는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 연성 코팅페인팅을 활용한 보강방법의 경우, 향후 다양한 시공조건에 따른 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 CFRP 복합재료 플레이트로 외부 보강된 철근콘크리트 보 구조물의 장기 거동 특성과 CFRP 복합재료 플레이트의 부착거동을 실험을 통하여 검토하였다. 장기 사용성을 고려하기 위하여 동결융해 시험법을 사용하였으며 4절점 휨 실험을 통하여 평가하였다. CFRP 복합재료 플레이트로 보강 후 동결융해를 진행한 시험체(FFCB)와 동결융해 후 CFRP 복합재료 플레이트로 보강한 시험체(LFCB)의 4절점 휨 실험 결과를 비교 분석하였다. LFCB 시험체가 FFCB 시험체 보다 조기에 CFRP 복합재료 플레이트의 박리가 발생하였으며, 파괴형태가 다르게 발생하였다. FFCB의 경우 콘크리트 커버가 탈락되었으며, LFCB의 경우 콘크리트의 표면의 탈락이 발생하였다. 동결융해의 영향을 받은 콘크리트 재료의 성질이 약화된 결과로 판단된다. 동결융해 실험을 통하여 콘크리트 공시체의 압축강도가 약 19% 감소하였으며. 이에 따라 콘크리트 커버부의 인장강도도 감소한 것으로 판단된다. 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 보강의 경우사용기간 및 환경변수 등을 고려하여, 콘크리트 보강표면에 대한 정확한 상태평가가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

The pultruded fiber reinforced polymer plastic (PFRP) is one of the most actively studied composite materials for the structural member in construction industries. In domestic design process, the PFRP member is designed as an isotropic material having only longitudinal material properties for simplicity, because it is too complex to consider orthotrophy of PFRP perfectly. In this study, three cases of buckling analysis of PFRP plate is conducted theoretically and numerically. First, the PFRP plate is considered as an orthotropic material. Second, the PFRP plate is considered as an isotropic plate having only longitudinal material properties. Third, the PFRP plate is considered as an isotropic plate having geometric mean of longitudinal and transverse material properties. As a result of buckling analysis, a buckling strength of PFRP plate as an isotropic plate having only longitudinal material properties is about 2.21 times larger than that of PFRP plate analyzed as an orthotropic plate. On the other hand, a buckling strength of PFRP plate as an isotropic plate having geometric mean material properties is about 1.19 times larger than that of PFRP plate analyzed as an orthotropic plate. In conclusion, the safety factor of 3 used in domestic design process of PFRP member is no longer applicable due to overestimation of buckling strength of PFRP member which leads to nonconservative design.

In this paper, we present the result of analytical investigation pertaining to the structural behavior of steel-concrete composite plate girder with arch-type web stiffener. In the arch-type web stiffener located in the compression side of web, infill concrete is cast to strengthen the arch-type stiffener and also to exert resisting force against compression force. This type of composite steel-concrete plate girder bridge is built and is in service. To understand the behavior thoroughly, analytical parametric study was conducted by using the finite element method. As a result it was found that the effect of arch-type stiffener with infill concrete is considerable for the design of such type composite girder bridge.

To improve the noise and vibration problems of the existing public parking systems, new floor system was proposed. This system consists of the Sandwich Plate System(SPS), steel beam and post-tensioned steel tendons. To verify the dynamic characteristics such as the natural frequency and damping ratio of the system, the free vibration test was performed. Test results showed that the natural frequency of the SPS composite beam was 23.8Hz and it was increased by 3.8% by installing the post-tensioned tendons. The damping ratio of the specimen with tendons was about 1.64%.

A study on the vibration and buckling analyses of laminated composite plates is described in this paper. In order to carry out the analyses of laminated composite plates, a NURBS-based isogeometric general plate element based on Reissner-Mindlin (RM) theory is developed. The non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is used to represent the geometry of plate and the unknown displacement field and therefore, all terms required in this element formulation are consistently derived by using NURBS basis function. Numerical examples are conducted to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the present plate element. From numerical results, the present plate element can produce the isogeometric solutions with sufficient accuracy. Finally, the present isogeometric solutions are provided as future reference solutions.

This study investigated a developed process for producing a composite bipolar plate having excellent conductivity by using coal tar pitch and phenol resin as binders. We used a pressing method to prepare a compact of graphite powder mixed with binders. Resistivity of the impregnated compact was observed as heat treatment temperature was increased. It was observed that pore sizes of the GCTP samples increased as the heat treatment temperature increased. There was not a great difference between the flexural strengths of GCTP-IM and CPR-IM as the heat treatment temperature was increased. The resistivity of GPR700-IM, heat treated at 700℃ using phenolic resin as a binder, was 4829 μΩ·cm which was best value in this study. In addition, it is expected that with the appropriate selection of carbon powder and further optimization of process we can produce a composite bipolar plate which has excellent properties.

The bipolar plate is the most important and most costly component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The development of a suitable low density bipolar plate is scientif-cally and technically challenging due to the need to maintain high electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Here, bipolar plates were developed from different particle sizes of natural and expanded graphite with phenolic resin as a polymeric matrix. It was observed that the particle size of the reinforcement significantlyinfluencesthe mechanical and electri-cal properties of a composite bipolar plate. The composite bipolar plate based on expanded graphite gives the desired mechanical and electrical properties as per the US Department of Energy target, with a bulk density of 1.55 g.cm-3 as compared to that of ~1.87 g.cm-3 for a composite plate based on natural graphite (NG). Although the bulk density of the expanded-graphite-based composite plate is ~20% less than that of the NG-based plate, the I-V perfor-mance of the expanded graphite plate is superior to that of the NG plate as a consequence of the higher conductivity. The expanded graphite plate can thus be used as an electromagnetic interference shielding material.

Coatings composited with alumina and Perfluoro alkoxyalkane (PFA) resin were deposited on stainless steel plate (SUS304) to further improve corrosion resistance. Plate (ca. 10μm) and/or nanosize (27~43 nm) alumina used as inorganic additives were mixed in PFA resin to make alumina-fluoro composite coatings. These coatings were deposited on SUS304 plate with wet spray coating and then the film was cured thermally. According to the amount and ratio of the two kinds of alumina having plate morphology and nano size, corrosion resistance of the film was evaluated under strong acids (HF, HCl) and a strong base (NaOH). The film prepared with the addition of 5~10 wt% alumina powders in PFA resin showed corrosion resistance superior to that of pure PFA resin film. However, for the film prepared with alumina content above 10 wt%, the corrosion resistance did not improve with the physical properties, such as surface hardness and adhesion. The film prepared with plate/nanosize (weight ratio = 1/2) alumina especially enhanced the surface hardness and corrosion resistance. This can be explained as showing that the plate and the nanosize alumina dispersed in PFA resin effectively suppressed the penetration of cations and anions due to the long penetration length and fewer defects that accompany the improved surface hardness under a serious environment of 10% HF solution for over 120 hrs.

This study deals with an enhanced assumed strain (EAS) three-dimensional element for free vibration analysis of laminated composite and sandwich structures. The three-dimensional finite element (FE) formulation based on the EAS method for composite structures shows excellence from the standpoints of computational efficiency, especially for distorted element shapes. Using the EAS FE formulation developed for this study, the effects of side-to-thickness ratios, aspect ratios and ply orientations on the natural frequency are studied and compared with the available elasticity solutions and other plate theories. The numerical results obtained are in good agreement with those reported by other investigators. The new approach works well for the numerical experiments tested, especially for complex structures such as sandwich plates with laminated composite faces.

In this paper, two dimensional concrete slabs for a railroad bridge were analyzed by the specially orthotropic laminates theory. Both the geometrical and material property of the cross section of the slab was considered symmetrically with respect to the neutral surface so that the bending extension coupling stiffness, Bij=0, and D16=D26=0. Bridge deck behaves as specially orthotropic plates. In general, the analytical solution for such complex systems is very difficult to obtain. Thus, finite difference method was used for analysis of the problem. In this paper, the finite difference method and the beam theory were used for analysis.

대부분의 건설기술자들은 강판형교나 콘크리트 교량을 단위 폭을 가진 보로 해석 하나 이러한 구조물은 엄연히 복합재료로 이루어진 판(plate) 구조이다. 이러한 구조물은 균등단면에 등분포하중을 받고 4변 단순 지지된 경우가 아니면 정확한 해석이 불가능하다. 복합 재료의 이론은 일반 기술자들이 이해하기 힘드나. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 비교적 쉽게 정확히 해석하는 방법을 제시한다. 본 논문에서는 3경간 연속 판 교량과 포스트텐션된 강교에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다.

The object of this study is to develop a computer program that can help practical engineers to calculate sectional modulus and plastic moments of full composite girders with deck plates under positive and negative bending moments. The sectional modulus are equivalent moments of inertia for elastic analysis and plastic section modulus for plastic analysis. Results of Hwang's research are used to verify this developed program. AIK, KBC 2005 and 2009 are used to define effective widths of RC slab and to calculate positive plastic moments. For calculating negative plastic moments, this study proposed stress blocks and their equations. The developed program will be added about partial shear interactions and deflections of composite girders and finally proposed as GUI environment.