2022년 기준 국내 폐타이어 발생량은 약 37만톤으로 그 중 88.9% 인 약 32만 9천톤이 재활용되는 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 이 중 약 75%가 시멘트소성로용 등 열이용 분야에 사용되었다. 폐타이어는 대부분 고무와 플라스틱으로 이루어져 있기 때문에, 고온에서 분 해되면서 다양한 유해가스와 오염물질이 발생할 수 있고, 이러한 공해물질은 적극적으로 관리되지 않으면 대기오염, 수질 오염 등 다 양한 환경문제를 발생시킬 수 있다. 때문에 친환경적이고 지속적인 재활용에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 폐타이어 고무 분말을 아스팔트 혼합물의 골재 일부로 치환하여 재활용하는 접근 방식은 환경에 미치는 영향을 완화할 뿐만 아니라 천연 자원의 고갈 측면에서도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 타이어분말을 아스팔트 혼합물에 적용하는 것은 환경 문제를 해결하고 자원 효율성을 높이는 두 가지 이점을 가지고 있다. 폐타이어 분말을 아스팔트 바인더와 아스팔트 혼합물에 적용할 경우 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 TTI의 반사균열 저항성 시험, FN Test를 진행하였다.

PURPOSES: In order to evaluate a crack resistance at cold joint, sealing tape was adopted to apply at cold joint instead of typical tack coat material(RSC-4). The sealing tape was made by hot sealing material. The crack resistance as function of environmental and traffic loading was measured with visual observation. METHODS : In this study, the crack resistance was evaluated as function of environmental and traffic loading. The freeze-thaw method was adopted for environmental loading of asphalt pavement. condition. The damage of cold joint under freeze-thaw action is initiated by ice expansion load and accelerated by the interfacial damage between new and old asphalt pavement. The traffic loading was applied with wheel tracking machine on the cold joint area of the asphalt pavement for 3 hours at 25℃. The evaluation of crack resistance was measured with visual observation. The freeze-thaw results shows that the sealing tape was significantly increased the crack resistance based on. RESULTS : To estimate the crack resistance at cold joint area due to the environmental loading, the Freeze-thaw test was conducted by exposing the product to freezing temperature(approximately -18℃) for 24 hours, and then allowing it to thaw at 60℃ for 24 hours. The tack coat material(RSC-4) was debonded after 21 cycles of the Freeze-thaw test. The first crack was observed after 14 freeze-thaw cycle with RSC-4 material. But, the sealing tape was not debonded after 24 cycle test. Also, the sealing tape shows the better performance of the crack resistance under the traffic loading with wheel track test. The crack was generated the under traffic loading with RSC-4(tack coating), however, the crack was not shown with sealing tape. It indicates that the sealing tape has a strong resistance of tensile stress due to traffic loading. CONCLUSIONS: Based on limited laboratory test result, a performance of crack resistance using the sealing tape is better than that of general tack coat material(RSC-4). It means that the sealing tape is possible to extend a pavement service life because the crack, one of the main pavement distresses, will be delayed. Keywords Sealing Tape, Crack Resistance, Freeze-Thaw, Tensile Adhesion

The relationship between asphalt mixture and crack resistance is difficult to predict because it is influenced by aggregate particle size, aggregate and asphalt interface characteristics, rheological properties of asphalt type, asphalt coating thickness, temperature sensitivity and porosity. For this reason, various evaluation methods of crack resistance have been developed. In Korea, indirect tensile strength and toughness are used as criteria for crack resistance test of asphalt mixture. DC (T), SCB, Fenix test, and OT (overlay test) have been developed and used internationally as crack resistance test methods. In this study, we compared the conventional crack resistance evaluation methods, and developed a direct tensile fatigue test method which was modified with OT method and Fenix method. Crack resistances were evaluated using reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) and virgin asphalt mixtures. As a result, direct tensile fatigue test method was evaluated as suitable for evaluation of crack resistance.

고속도로에서 재령이 20년이 넘는 노후 콘크리트가 늘어남에 따라 콘크리트 포장의 보수/보강이 중요한 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 노후 콘크리트 포장의 보강 대안으로서 아스팔트 덧씌우기가 많이 사용되고 있으나 반사균열 및 포트홀 등 체류수로 인한 문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 반사균열 및 체류수의 문제를 최소화하기 위해 고안된 접착식 방수층을 소개하였으며 포장가속시험을 통해 일반 택코팅을 적용한 합성단면포장과 비교평가를 실시하였다. 실험은 강우를 모사하기 위해 물을 뿌리면서 진행하였고 덧씌우기 포장체의 거동 및 수분 저항 특성을 분석하였다. 연구결과 접착식 방수층은 아스팔트 포장과 콘크리트 포장이 일체로 거동하는 것을 도와주기 때문에 아스팔트 포장체에 발생하는 거동이 일반 택코팅 구간과 완전히 다른 것으로 나타났다. 또 수분의 유입을 최소화하므로 결과적으로 반사균열의 발생을 약 70% 지연시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 체류수로 인한 손상도 줄여주는 것으로 나타났다.

Three point bending tests of single edge notched beam (SENB) specimens were carried out to evaluate the fracture behavior of the fine-grain isotropic nuclear grade graphite, IG-11. To measure the crack initiation point and the subsequent crack growth, the direct current potential drop (DCPD) method and a traveling microscope were used. The effects of test variables like initial crack length, specimen thickness, notch type and loading rate on the measured fracture toughness, KQ, were investigated. Based on the test results, the ranges of the test variables to measure the reliable fracture toughness value were proposed. During the crack growth, the rising R-curve behavior was observed in IG-11 graphite when the superficial crack length measured on the specimen surface was used. The increase of crack growth resistance was discussed in terms of crack bridging, crack meandering, crack branching, microcracking and crack deflection, which increase the surface energy and friction force.

In this work, the effects of atmospheric oxygen plasma treatment of carbon fibers on mechanical interfacial properties of carbon fibers-reinforced epoxy matrix composites was studied. The surface properties of the carbon fibers were determined by acid/base values, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Also, the crack resistance properties of the composites were investigated in critical stress intensity factor (KIC), and critical strain energy release rate mode II (GIIC) measurements. As experimental results, FT-IR of the carbon fibers showed that the carboxyl/ester groups (C=O) at 1632 cm-1 and hydroxyl group (O-H) at 3450 cm-1 were observed for the plasma treated carbon fibers, and the treated carbon fibers had the higher O-H peak intensity than that of the untreated ones. The XPS results also indicated that the O1S/C1S ratio of the carbon fiber surfaces treated by the oxygen plasma led to development of oxygen-containing functional groups. The mechanical interfacial properties of the composites, including KIC (critical stress intensity factor) and GIIC (critical strain energy release rate mode II), were also improved for the oxygen plasma-treated carbon fibersreinforced composites. These results could be explained that the oxygen plasma treatment played an important role to increase interfacial adhesions between carbon fibers and epoxy matrix resins in our composite system.

반도체 소자의 표면 보호용으로 사용되는 상압 CVD 방법에 의한 PSG(Phosposilicate glass)막 및 플라즈마 CVD방법에 의한 PE-SiN(Plasma enhanced CVD Si2N4)막의 항균열 특성을 알루미늄박막이 증착되어 있는 실리콘 기판위에서 조사했다. 450˚C에서 30분간으 열처리를 반복하면서 균열 발생 유무 및 그 형태를 조사하여 이러한 균열의 생성을 각 막의 막응력과 관련하여 검토하였다. 이들 박막에서의 균열 발생은 하부 조직인 알루미튬배선과의 열팽창계수차에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다. PSG막 두께가 증가할수록 인장응력이 증가하여 항균열성이 저하되었다. PSG막의 P농도가 증가할수록 막응력은 압축응력쪽으로 이동하였고 균열 발생은 억제되었다. PE-SiN 막도 높은 압축응력을 갖게 함으로써 항균열성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 본 실험의 결과로부터 반복 열처리시 균열 발생여부에 대한 실험식을 제시하였다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of no-tillage on sequential cropping supported from recycling of first crop ridge on the growth of pepper plant and physical properties of soil under green house condition.1. Degree of crack on soil by tillage and no-tillageSoil cracks found in ridge and not found in row. At five months of tillage, crack number and crack length in length ridge were 3 and 37~51 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in length ridge were 30 mm and 15.3cm in tillage. Crack number and crack length in width ridge were 7.5 and 7~28 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in width ridge were 29 mm and 15.3 cm in tillage. At a year of no-tillage, crack number and crack length in length ridge were 1.0 and 140~200 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in length ridge were 18 mm and 30 cm in a year of no-tillage. Crack number and crack length in width ridge were 11 and 6~22 cm in a year of no-tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in width ridge were 22 mm and 18.5 cm in a year of no-tillage. Soil crack was not found at 2 years of no-tillage in sandy Jungdong series (jd) soil. Soil crack was found at 7 years of no-tillage in clayish Jisan series (ji) soil.2. Penetration resistance on soilPenetration resistance was increased significantly at no-tillage in Jungdong series (jd). Depth of cultivation layer was extended at no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil. Penetration resistance of plow pan was decreased at 1 year of no-tillage compared with than tillage soil. Penetration resistance was linearly increased with increasing soil depth at tillage in Jisan series (ji). Penetration resistance on top soil was remarkably increased and then maintained continuously at no-tillage soil.3. Drainage and moisture content of soilMoisture content of ridge in top soil was not significant difference at both tillage and no-tillage. Moisture content of ridge in 20 cm soil was 14% at no-tillage soil and 25% at tillage soil.4. Change of capacity to retain water in soilCapacity to retain water in top soil was not significant difference at 1 bar both tillage and no-tillage. Capacity to retain water in soil was slightly higher tendency in 1 year and 2 years of no-tillage soil than tillage soil. Capacity to retain water in soil was increased at 15 bar both tillage and no-tillage. Capacity to retain water in subsoil was slightly higher tendency at 1 bar and 3 bar in 2 years of no-tillage than tillage soil and a year of no-tillage soil.

Concrete shrinkage is happened due to the cement hydration and water evaporation from early ages, and it induces crack of concrete. In this study, the crack resistance of fiber reinforced concrete was compared with fiber type and fiber volume fraction. From the results, cracking is delayed when the volume fraction is increased. And, crack resistance is improved regardless of fiber type.

Concrete shrinkage is happened due to the cement hydration and water evaporation from early ages, and it induces crack of concrete. In this study, the crack resistance of remicon latex-modified concrete was compared with latex and admixture ratio. From the results, if admixture ratio is constant, cracking is delayed when the latex ratio is increased.

To evaluate the crack resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete, which has use the restrained shrinkage crack test method , performance test is conducted with the variables of Steel fiber.

본 연구에서는 초기 균열을 도입한 철근콘크리트 부재에 대한 침지 염화물 침투 실험을 수행하였다. 염화물 확산 특성과 임계 균열폭을 비교하였으며, 콘크리트 자기복원 특성을 검토하였다. 실험결과에 따르면, 표면 균열폭이 증가할수록 염화물 침투저항성이 크게 감소하였으며, 광물질 혼화재를 사용할 경우, 비균열 부재의 염화물 침투저항성은 크게 개선되었지만, 고로슬래그 및 플라이애쉬 혼화재를 사용할 경우에 균열이 발생하게 되면 도리어 염화물 침투저항성은 보통 콘크리트에 비해 크게 저하하였다. 임계 균열폭은 침지 염화물 침투 실험 결과 평균 29㎛으로 측정되었다. 자기복원 현상에 의해 4∼15㎛범위의 균열이 복원되었다. 그러나 콘크리트 자기복원 현상에 의해 시각적으로 복원된 부분의 염화물 침투 저항성은 완전히 회복되지 않았다.

본 연구의 목적은 폐 PET병을 재활용하여 만든 섬유(RPET)를 콘크리트 부재에 적용시키기 위한 성능 평가에 있다. RPET 섬유 보강 효과를 평가하기 위해서 압축강도, 탄성계수, 쪼갬인장강도와 같은 기초물성실험과 건조수축균열실험을 수행하였다. 기초물성실험에서 RPET의 혼입률이 증가할수록 RPET 보강 콘크리트의 압축강도와 탄성계수는 감소하였고, 쪼갬인장강도는 증가하였다. 건조수축실험에서 자유건조수축은 증가하였다. 반면에 구속건조수축의 경우 RPET 섬유에 의한 인장 저항성의 증가로 인해 균열 발생을 지연시켰다. RPET 섬유와 PP 섬유를 혼입한 콘크리트 시편의 특성을 비교해보면 두 섬유가 유사하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 RPET 섬유는 PP 섬유의 대체 재료로서 충분할 뿐만 아니라 폐 PET병을 재활용하고 환경오염을 저감시킨다는 측면에서 친환경적으로 더 뛰어나다는 것을 알 수 있다.

피복 콘크리트의 균열 발생에 기인한 매크로셀 부식 환경하에서의 Cr강방식철근의 방식성을 평가하기 위하여 10종류의 Cr강방식철근을 콘크리트에 매입 후 피복 콘크리트에 모사 균열을 발생시킨 공시체를 제작하였다. 그 후 염수 분무 촉진 양생 105사이클까지의 매크로셀 부식전류밀도의 경시변화와 아노드ㆍ캐소드 철근의 자연전위, 부식면적률, 부식감량률을 측정함으로써 Cr강방식철근의 방식성에 대하여 검토하였다. 그 결과, 염화물 이온 농도차 3kg/m3 이하의 매크로셀 부식 환경에 대하여 Cr함유율 9% 이상의 Cr강재에서 방식성이 확인되었으며 특히, Cr함유율 11% 이상의 Cr강재에서 뛰어난 방식성이 입증되었다.